exam 3

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backward vertical integration

is moving activities closer to the originating point- to the inputs

Vertical Integration

is the firms ownership of its production of needed inputs or the channels by which is distributes its outputs

Forward vertical integration

is the moving ownership activities closer to the end point of the industry chain- to its customers

how can one measure the level of vertical integration of a firm?

vertical integration can be measured by the number of industry value chain in which the firm participates, and the percentage of the firms sales generated within the firms boundaries


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