Exam 3 A&P 2 King

The enzyme that breaks down complex carbohydrates is carbonic anhydrase amylase rennin lactase lysozyme

amylase

Which of the following is characterized as a slowly progressing disease that is irreversible? dysuria prostate enlargement chronic renal failure acute renal failure kidney stones

chronic renal failure

The sum of all of the biochemical processes going on within the human body at any given time is called catabolism glycolysis oxidative phosphorylation anabolism metabolism

metabolism

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the stomach ileum esophagus mouth duodenum

mouth

A patient excretes a large volume of very dilute urine on a continuing basis. This is may be due to overproduction of aldosterone dilation of the afferent arterioles excessive ADH secretion absence of ADH hematuric oliguria

absence of ADH

What is a nutrient pool? a general term for vitamins and minerals together an alternative term for a bolus of food in the digestive system the metabolic reserves of the body as a whole the region in the mitochondria where hydrogen atoms are removed from organic molecules. an accessible source of substrates for a cell.

an accessible source of substrates for a cell

The lipoproteins that carry absorbed lipids from the intestinal tract to the bloodstream are the chylomicrons very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs). low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) none of the answers is correct.

chylomicrons

Chloride ion is reabsorbed in the thick ascending limb by simple diffusion facilitated diffusion cotransport with Na ions. countertransport for bicarbonate ion active transport

cotransport with Na ions

Poisons like cyanide bind to ________ and prevent electron transfer. cytochromes acetyl-CoA the endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria enzymes

cytochromes

A high uric acid level (above 7.4 mg/dl) can lead to the painful condition known as lupus rheumatoid arthritis anorexia nervosa gout none of the answers is correct

gout

Movements unique to the large intestine are ________ movements. segmentation mass peristaltic pendular writhing

mass

The ________ mechanically digests ingested food. large intestine anus small intestine esophagus stomach

stomach

Urine is temporarily stored in the kidneys gallbladder urinary bladder prostate gland renal pelvis

urinary bladder

The conversion of ammonia into a less toxic substance produces nitrate acetyl-CoA water ketone bodies urea

urea

Of the 20 amino acids _______ are essential amino acids that the body either cannot synthesize or that cannot be produced in amounts sufficient for growing children. 2 6 8 10 20

10

Eighty-five percent of nephrons in the human kidney are located in the ________ and have short nephron loops. renal columns renal pelvis fibrous capsule cortex medulla

cortex

Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system? regulates blood volume regulating plasma concentrations of electrolytes excretes abundant protein molecules contributes to stabilizing blood pH eliminates organic waste products

excretes abundant protein molecules

Which of the following is not secreted? potassium ions hydrogen creatinine glucose penicillin

glucose

Tom has hepatitis, an inflammation of the liver. Which of the following symptoms would you expect to observe in Tom? blood in the feces elevated levels of blood glucose jaundice overproduction of blood plasma albumin impaired digestion of protein

jaundice

Which of the following is classified as being either squamous or columnar? lamina propria mucosal epithelium muscularis mucosae submucosa mucosa

mucosal epithelium

Duodenal glands are characteristic of the pancreas liver small intestine stomach large intestine

small intestine

Reactions within ________ provide most of the energy needed by a typical cell. the endoplasmic reticulum cytoplasm the nucleus the mitochondria the plasma membrane

the mitochondria

A healthy adult typically produces ________ of urine per day. 1200 mL 500 mL 25 mL 250 mL 2500 mL

1200 mL

Glycolytic breakdown of glucose first results in __ molecules 2CO2 2 pyruvate 4 ATP 4 NADH 2 H2O

2 pyruvate

What percentage of nutrients (glucose, amino acids, etc) is reabsorbed in the PCT? 90 75 50 25 99

99

Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract except the colon esophagus bladder stomach pharynx

bladder

Ascites, the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, would not be caused by heart failure kidney disease dehydration cancer liver disease

dehydration

Cells perform catabolism to generate ATP, which can be used for all of the following except glycogen synthesis protein synthesis muscle contraction ion transport diffusion

diffusion

The hormone that stimulates secretion and contraction by the stomach is gastrin rennin enteropeptidase cholecystokinin secretin

gastrin

The amount of filtrate produced by the kidneys each minute is called the corpuscular output autoregulation capacity filtration ratio net filtration pressure glomerular filtration rate

glomerular filtration rate

The process of filtration occurs at the collecting duct proximal convoluted tubule distal convoluted tubule glomerulus nephron loop

glomerulus

Increased sympathetic tone can do all of the following except increase the glomerular filtration rate increase cardiac output stimulate peripheral vasoconstriction increase sympathetic blood pressure produce venoconstriction of blood reservoirs

increase the glomerular filtration rate

Which of the following systems is not involved in capturing or creating energy that is used to maintain one's metabolism? digestive cardiovascular integumentary lymphatic muscular

integumentary

________ nephrons are essential to water conservation and the production of concentrated urine. juxtamedullary cortical both cortical and juxtamedullary neither cortical nor juxtamedullary nephrons, as only collecting tubules conserve water.

juxtamedullary

The layer of loose connective tissue that directly supports the digestive epithelium is the submucosal plexus submucosa myenteric plexus lamina propria muscularis mucosae

lamina propria

The nutrients that yield the most energy per gram when metabolized are nucleic acids carbohydrates lipids vitamins proteins

lipids

In oxidative phosphorylation, energy for the synthesis of ATP is directly obtained from the combination of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen to form water. breaking of the covalent bonds in glucose. movement of hydrogen ions through channels in the inner mitochondrial membrane. oxidation of acetyl-CoA splitting of oxygen molecules.

movement of hydrogen ions through channels in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Countercurrent multiplication takes place in the glomerulus nephron loop collecting duct glomerular capsule distal convoluted tubule

nephron loop

_________ creates 90 percent of the ATP normally generated. lipogenesis the electron transport system glycolysis oxidative phosphorylation transamination

oxidative phosphorylation

Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion? esophagus spleen appendix colon pancreas

pancreas

Autoregulation of the rate of glomerular filtration rate does not depend on changes in the afferent arteriole changes in the efferent arteriole changes in the mesangial cells release of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex none of the answers is correct

release of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex

The function of the citric acid cycle is to remove hydrogen atoms from organic molecules and transfer them to coenzymes. hydrolyze glucose transfer the acetyl group. produce water produce carbon dioxide

remove hydrogen atoms from organic molecules and transfer them to coenzymes.

The inability of the kidneys to excrete adequately to maintain homeostasis is termed renal failure glomerulonephritis calculi polycystic kidney disease hematuria

renal failure

Enterogastric reflexes involve the central nervous system stimulate the contraction of the pyloric sphincter increase gastric secretion are triggered by bile entering the gallbladder increase gastric motility

stimulate the contraction of the pyloric sphincter

Which of these descriptions best matches the term gastrin? stimulates pancreas to secrete bicarbonate-rich fluid stimulates gastric secretion carries absorbed sugars and amino acids where pancreatic juice and bile enter the duodenum causes gall bladder to contract

stimulates gastric secretion

Which of the following is true regarding the central and local mechanisms controlling gastric and intestinal activities? The gastric phase only lasts for minutes. The intestinal phase triggers mucus and bicarbonate to help protect the duodenum from arriving acid. The cephalic phase includes the release of bile from the gallbladder. The cephalic phase begins as food enters the stomach. The intestinal phase increases the stimulation of the stomach's stretch receptors.

the intestinal phase triggers mucus and bicarbonate to help protect the duodenum from arriving acid

Parietal cells and their secretions are NOT involved in the absorption of vitamin B12 erythropoiesis the release of bicarbonate into the stomach activation of pepsinogen to pepsin the release of bicarbonate into the blood

the release of bicarbonate into the stomach

The mechanism for producing a concentrated urine involves all of the following except the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) aquaporins being inserted into the membranes of the collecting duct cells. a properly functioning nephron loop a high concentration of NaCl in the fluid surrounding the collecting ducts. the release of natriuretic peptides

the release of natriuretic peptides

Urine is carried to the urinary bladder by lymphatics blood vessels the urethra the calyces the ureters

the ureters

Homeostatic control of body temperature is termed homeostasis basal metabolic rate thermic monitoring energetics thermoregulation

thermoregulation