Exam 3 Anatomy
Flexion
A muscle that crosses on the ANTERIOR SIDE of a joint produces _______ Ex: Pectoralis major (anterior view)
Abduction
A muscle that crosses on the LATERAL SIDE of a joint produces _________ Ex: Deltoid middle fibers (anterolateral view)
ADDUCTION
A muscle that crosses on the MEDIAL SIDE of a joint produces _________ EX: Teres major (posterolateral view) The teres major is the antagonist of the deltoid
Extension
A muscle that crosses on the POSTERIOR SIDE of a joint produces _________ Ex: Latissimus dorsi (posterior view) The latissimus dorsi is the antagonist of the pectoralis major
Medial side
A muscle that crosses on the ______ ____ of a joint produces ADDUCTION EX: Teres major (posterolateral view) The teres major is the antagonist of the deltoid
Lateral side
A muscle that crosses on the _______ ____ of a joint produces ABDUCTION Ex: Deltoid middle fibers (anterolateral view)
Anterior side
A muscle that crosses on the ________ ____ of a joint produces FLEXION Ex: Pectoralis major (anterior view)
Posterior side
A muscle that crosses on the ________ ____ of a joint produces extension Ex: Latissimus dorsi (posterior view) The latissimus dorsi is the antagonist of the pectoralis major
Posterior side
A muscle that crosses on the _________ ____ of the knee joint produces flexion
Adduction
A muscle that crosses on the medial side of a joint produces what movement?
Flexion
A muscle that crosses on the posterior side of the knee joint produces _______
posteriorly
A muscle that crosses the ankle joint __________ produces flexion
Deltoid
As the prime mover of arm abduction, the middle fibers of the _______ contract to move the arm laterally away from the body
B
Identify the letter that indicates the Temporalis
same
Muscle position in the lower limbs produces the ____ muscle actions as those in the upper limbs with respect to abduction and adduction
opposite
Muscle position in the lower limbs produces the ____ muscle actions as those in the upper limbs with respect to flexion and extension
Scalenes
Muscles that elevate the first two ribs and flex and rotate the neck
Parallel
Muscles with this type of muscle fascicle arrangement are either fusiform or straplike in appearance
Pectoralis major
Originates from the sternal end of the clavicle, sternum, cartilages of ribs 1-6 (or 7), and from the aponeurosis of the external oblique. It then crosses on the anterior side of the shoulder joint and inserts into the intertubercular sulcus and greater tubercle of the humerus. When the muscle contracts, the origin and insertion move closer together and produce flexion of the arm. This generality about flexion and extension is opposite in the lower limbs, where muscles that cross anteriorly produce extension and muscles that cross posteriorly produce flexion.
Teres major
The _____ _____ is an antagonist of the deltoid for arm abduction
Latissimus dorsi
The _________ _____ and deltoid posterior fibers are prime movers of arm extension
Pectoralis major
The latissimus dorsi is an antagonist of the __________ _____ for arm flexion
muscle fibers
The force produced by muscle is directly related to the number of ______ ______
Circular
The muscle fascicle arrangement for Orbicularis oris is best characterized as
Medial side
The teres major crosses on the ______ ____ of the shoulder joint to produce adduction
Adduction
The teres major crosses on the medial side of the shoulder joint to produce ________
Suprahyoid muscles
These muscles: • Elevate the hyoid and move the larynx superior during swallowing • Lie superior to the hyoid bone • Have an insertion on the hyoid bone • Help form the floor of the oral cavity and anchor the tongue • They DO NOT act as the completion of swallowing to pull the hyoid bone and larynx inferiorly to their original position
Fusiform muscles
Type of muscles of parallel arrangement built for range of motion
Parallel muscles
Type of muscles with a long range of motion, but are not as powerful as pennate muscles
Pharyngeal constrictors
What are the main "swallowing" muscles?
Mental foramen
What structure is labeled X? Passageway for blood vessels and nerves to the chin and lower lip
Abduction
What is this muscle action?
Adduction
What is this muscle action?
Extension
What is this muscle action?
Flexion
What is this muscle action?
Lesser wing of sphenoid bone
What structure is labeled A?
Frontal bone
What structure is labeled A? Forms the forehead, superior part of orbits, and most of the anterior cranial fossa; contains sinuses. Protrudes slightly to form superciliary ("eyebrow") arches, which lie just deep to our eyebrows
Corrugator supercilli
What structure is labeled A? • Small muscle to eyebrow; acts with orbicularis oculi • O-arch of frontal bone above nasal bone • I-skin of eyebrow • DRAWS EYEBROWS MEDIALLY AND INFERIORLY; wrinkles skin of forehead vertically • Nerve supply: Facial nerve ***Corrugo = wrinkle ***supercilium = eyebrow
Orbital plate of frontal bone
What structure is labeled B?
Glabella
What structure is labeled B? The smooth part of the frontal bone between the suprciliary arches in the midline ("smooth, without hair")
Orbicularis oculi
What structure is labeled B? • Small musscle to eyebrow; acts with orbicularis oculi • O-arch of frontal bone above nasal bone • I-tissue of eyelid • CLOSES EYE; produces blinking, squinting, and draws eyebrows inferiorly • Nerve supply: Facial nerve ***orb = circular ***ocul = eye
Greater wing of sphenoid bone
What structure is labeled C?
Frontonasal suture
What structure is labeled C? Located just inferior to the glabella where the frontal bone meets the nasal bones
Zygomaticus
What structure is labeled C? • Muscle pair extending diagonally from cheekbone to corner of mouth • O-zygomatic bone • I-skin and muscle at corner of mouth • RAISES LATERAL CORNERS OF MOUTH (smiling muscle) • Nerve supply: Facial nerve ***zygomatic = cheekbone
Orbital surface of zygomatic bone
What structure is labeled D?
Supraorbital foramen
What structure is labeled D? A hole/notch that pierces the supraorbital margin/superior margin of each orbit. Also called supraorbital notch. This opening transmits the supraorbital nerve (a branch of cranial nerve V) and artery, which supply the forehead
Buccinators
What structure is labeled D? • Thin, horizontal cheek muscle; principal muscle of the cheek; deep to masseter • Origin: molar region of maxilla and mandible • Insertion: Orbicularis oris • COMPRESSES CHEEK (as in whistling and sucking); draws corner of mouth laterally: holds food between teeth during chewing; well developed in nursing infants • Nerve supply: Facial nerve (Cranial VII) ** Bucc = cheek or "trumpeter"
Orbital plate of ethmoid bone
What structure is labeled E ?
Supraorbital margin
What structure is labeled E? The superior margin of each orbit, which is pierced by a hole or by a notch, respectively called the supraorbital foramen or supraorbital notch
Orbicularis oris
What structure is labeled E? • Multilayered muscle of the lips with fibers that run in many different directions; most run circularly • O-arises indirectly from maxilla and mandible; fibers blended with fibers of other facial muscles associated with the lips • I-encircles mouth; inserts into muscle and skin at angles of mouth • CLOSES LIPS; purses and protrudes lips; kissing and whistling muscle • Nerve supply: Facial nerve ***or = mouth
Lacrimal bone
What structure is labeled F?
Superior orbital fissure
What structure is labeled F? A long slit between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone that transmits several structures to and from the orbit, such as the cranial nerves that control eye movements (III, IV, and VI)
Mentalis
What structure is labeled F? • One of the muscle pair forming a V-shaped muscle mass on chin • O-Mandible below incisors • I-Skin of chin • WRINKLES CHIN; protrudes lower lip Nerve supply: Facial nerve ***ment = chin
Orbital process of palatine bone
What structure is labeled G?
Optic canal
What structure is labeled G? An opening of the sphenoid bone that lies just anterior to the sella turcica. CN II, the optic nerve, passes through this hole from the orbit into the cranial cavity
Levator labii superioris
What structure is labeled G? • Thin muscle between orbicularis oris and inferior eye margin • O-zygomatic bone and infraorbital margin of maxilla • I-skin and muscle of upper lip • OPENS LIPS; elevates and furrows the upper lip • Nerve supply: Facial nerve ***leva = raise *** labi = lip *** superior = above, over
Orbital surface of maxillary bone
What structure is labeled H?
Inferior orbital fissure
What structure is labeled H? Passageway for maxillary branch of CN V, the zygomatic nerve, and blood vessels
Risorius
What structure is labeled H? • Slender muscle inferior and lateral to zygomaticus • O-lateral fascia associated with masseter muscle • I-skin at angle of mouth • DRAWS CORNER OF LIP LATERALLY; tenses lips; synergist of zygomaticus • Facial nerve ***risor = laughter
Middle nasal conchae
What structure is labeled I? It protrudes into the nasal cavity and the conchhae are curved like scrolls and are named after conch shells. Increase turbulence of air flow
Perpendicular plate
What structure is labeled J? Part of the ethmoid bone and it projects inferiorly in the median plane, forming the superior part of the nasal septum, the vertical partition that divides the nasal cavity into right and left halves
Inferior nasal conchae
What structure is labeled K?, Long, thin, scroll-shaped bones which extend horizontally along the lower third of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity Create turbulence in air passing through nasal cavity, and increase epithelial surface area to promote warming and humidification of inhaled air
Vomer
What structure is labeled L? Inferior part of the nasal septum
Parietal bone
What structure is labeled M? Forms most of the superior and lateral aspects of the skull
Squamous
What structure is labeled N? ________ part of the frontal bone
Nasal bone
What structure is labeled O? Forms the bridge of the nose
Sphenoid bone
What structure is labeled P? Keystone of the cranium; contributes to the middle cranial fossa and orbits; main parts are the body, greater wings, lesser wings, and pterygoid processes
Temporal bone
What structure is labeled Q? Forms inferolateral aspects of the skull and contributes to the middle cranial fossa; has aquamous tympanic, and petrous parts
Ethmoid bone
What structure is labeled R? Small contribution to the anterior canal fossa; forms part of the nasal septum and the lateral walls and roof of the nasal cavity; contributes to the medial wall of the orbit
Lacrimal bone
What structure is labeled S? Forms part of the medial orbit wall. Articulate with the frontal bone superiorly, the ethmoid bone posteriorly, and the maxilla anteriorly. Each one contains a deep groove that contributes to a lacrimal fossa. This fossa contains a lacrimal sac that gathers tears, allowing the fluid to drain from the eye surface into the nasal cavity
Zygomatic bone
What structure is labeled T? Irregularly shaped bones commonly called the cheekbones (zygoma = cheekbone). Each joins the zygomatic process of a temporal bone posteriorly, the zygomatic process of the frontal bone superiorly, and the zygomatic process of the maxilla anteriorly. They form the prominences of the cheeks and define part of the margin of each orbit
Infrarorbital foramen
What structure is labeled U? Passageway for infraorbital nerve to skin of face
Maxilla
What structure is labeled V? Keystone bones of the face; form the upper jaw and parts of the hard palate, orbits, and nasal cavity walls
Mandible
What structure is labeled W? The lower jaw
Mandibular symphysis
What structure is labeled Y? Located on the medial surface of each ramus, through which a nerve responsible for tooth sensation (inferior alveolar nerve, a branch of CN V) enters the mandibular body and supplies the roots of the lower teeth. Dentists inject anesthetic into this foramen before working on the lower teeth
Circular
What type of fascicle arrangement does this muscle have?
Convergent
What type of fascicle arrangement does this muscle have?
Parallel
What type of fascicle arrangement does this muscle have?
Pennate
What type of fascicle arrangement does this muscle have?
away
When the sternocledomastoid muscle is affected, the chin will be pointed ____ from the muscle being affected
Multipennate
Which fascicle arrangement produces the more powerful contraction? They have a greater number of muscle fibers than parallel muscles and produce a more powerful contractile force
C
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT concerning the sternocleidomastoid muscle being affected? A. Range of motion of the neck will be restricted B. The shoulder on the affected side may be higher C. The chin will point toward the affected side D. The ear will be tilted toward the affected side
Zygomatic process
_________ _______ of the Temporal Bone
