Exam 3
Which nursing action for a patient with Guillain-Barré syndrome should the nurse identify as appropriate to delegate to experienced unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)? a. Performing passive range of motion to extremities b. Assessing for bladder distention c. Administering bolus enteral nutrition d. Instilling artificial tears
ANS: A
Which stroke risk factor for a 48-yr-old male patient in the clinic is most important for the nurse to address? a. The patient's usual blood pressure (BP) is 170/94 mm Hg. b. The patient works at a desk and relaxes by watching television. c. The patient is 25 pounds above the ideal weight. d. The patient drinks a glass of red wine with dinner daily.
ANS: A
A nurse delegates care for a client with Parkinson disease to an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP). Which statement would the nurse include when delegating this client's care? a. "Assess the client's ability to eat and swallow before each meal." b. "Allow the client to be as independent as possible with activities." c. "Assist the client with frequent and meticulous oral care." d. "Schedule appointments early in the morning to ensure rest in the afternoon."
ANS: B
A patient has a traumatic brain injury and a positive halo sign. The patient is in the intensive care unit, sedated and on a ventilator, and is in critical but stable condition. What collaborative problem takes priority at this time? a. Risk for skin breakdown b. Risk for acquiring an infection c. Nutritional deficit d. Inability to communicate
ANS: B
A patient has symptoms that are characteristic of multiple sclerosis (MS). Which diagnostic tests are likely to be ordered to aid in the diagnosis of this patient? a. Serum albumin and a computed tomography (CT) scan b. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immunoglobulin G and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) c. CSF proteins and an angiography d. Serum anti-acetylcholine antibodies and x-rays
ANS: B
A patient with a stroke is being evaluated for fibrinolytic therapy. What information from the patient or family is most important for the nurse to obtain? a. Progression of symptoms b. Time of symptom onset c. Loss of bladder control d. Other medical conditions
ANS: B
The nurse is preparing to care for a patient who has myasthenia gravis. The nurse will be alert to symptoms affecting which body system in this patient? a. Central nervous system (CNS), memory, and cognition b. Respiratory system and facial muscles c. Cardiovascular system and postural muscles d. Gastrointestinal system (GI) and lower extremity muscles
ANS: B
Admission vital signs for a patient who has a brain injury are blood pressure of 128/68 mm Hg, pulse of 110 beats/min, and of respirations 26 breaths/min. Which set of vital signs, if taken 1 hour later, will be of most concern to the nurse? Answers: a. Blood pressure 110/70 mm Hg, pulse 120 beats/min, respirations 30 breaths/min b. Blood pressure 154/68 mm Hg, pulse 56 beats/min, respirations 12 breaths/min c. Blood pressure 134/72 mm Hg, pulse 90 beats/min, respirations 32 breaths/min d. Blood pressure 148/78 mm Hg, pulse 112 beats/min, respirations 28 breaths/min
ANS: B
After teaching a patient with a spinal cord injury, the nurse assesses the patient's understanding. Which patient statement indicates a correct understanding of how to prevent respiratory problems at home? a. "I'll take cough medicine to prevent excessive coughing." b. "I'll use my incentive spirometer every 2 hours while I'm awake." c. "I'll drink thinned fluids to prevent choking." d. "I'll position myself on my right side so I don't aspirate."
ANS: B
The charge nurse is observing a new nurse who is assessing a patient with a traumatic spinal cord injury for sensation. Which action by the new nurse indicates the need for further teaching about neurologic assessment? a. Has the patient close the eyes during testing. b. Asks the patient if the instrument feels sharp. c. Uses an irregular pattern to test for intact touch. d. Tests for light touch before testing for pain.
ANS: B
The nurse is caring for a patient treated with alteplase following a stroke. Which assessment finding is the highest priority for the nurse? a. Patient's blood pressure is 144/90. b. Patient is having epistaxis. c. Patient ate only half of the last meal. d. Patient continues to be drowsy.
ANS: B
The nurse is caring for a patient with metastatic cancer in a home hospice program. Which action by the nurse is appropriate? a. Teach the patient about the purpose of chemotherapy and radiation. b. Encourage the patient to discuss past life events and their meanings. c. Accomplish a thorough head-to-toe assessment every 8 hours. d. Discuss cancer risk factors and appropriate lifestyle modifications.
ANS: B
A nurse assesses a patient with early-onset multiple sclerosis (MS). Which clinical manifestation would the nurse expect to find? a. Heat intolerance b. Excessive somnolence c. Hyperresponsive reflexes d. Nystagmus
ANS: D
A nurse cares for a patient with a spinal cord injury. With which interdisciplinary team member would the nurse consult to assist the patient with activities of daily living? a. Physical therapist b. Social worker c. Case manager d. Occupational therapist
ANS: D
What concern should the nurse anticipate for a patient who had a right hemisphere stroke? a. Depression and distress about disability b. Speech-language deficits c. Right-sided hemiplegia d. Denial of deficits and impulsiveness
ANS: D
A patient has undergone a craniotomy for a brain tumor. Which data indicates a complication of this surgery? a. The patient has an intake of 1000 ml and an output of 3500 ml in 24 hours. b. The patient experiences dizziness when trying to get up too quickly. c. The patient complains of a headache at "3 to 4" on a 1 to 10 pain scale. d. The patient complains of a raspy sore throat.
ANS: A
A nurse receives a report on a patient who had a left-sided stroke and has homonymous hemianopsia. What action by the nurse is most appropriate for this patient? a. Rotate the patient's meal tray when the patient stops eating. b. Listen to the patient's lungs after eating or drinking. c. Assess for bladder retention and/or incontinence. d. Prop the patient's right side up when sitting in a chair.
ANS: A
A nurse teaches a patient with a lower motor neuron lesion who wants to achieve bladder control. Which statement would the nurse include in this patient's teaching? a. "Tighten your abdominal muscles to stimulate urine flow." b. "Use a clean technique for intermittent catheterization." c. "Implement digital anal stimulation when your bladder is full." d. "Stroke the inner aspect of your thigh to initiate voiding."
ANS: A Valsalva maneuver
A nurse teaches a client's family members about signs and symptoms of approaching death. Which of the following does the nurse include in this teaching? (Select all that apply.) a. Incontinence b. Decreased appetite c. Long periods of insomnia d. Warm and flushed extremities e. Congestion and gurgling
ANS: A, B. E
A nurse plans care for a patient with a halo fixator. Which interventions would the nurse include in this patient's plan of care? (Select all that apply.) a. Assess the chest and back for skin breakdown. b. Loosen the pins when sleeping. c. Assess the pin sites for signs of infection. d. Decrease the patient's oral fluid intake.
ANS: A, C
A nurse assesses a patient with a brain tumor. Which newly identified assessment findings would alert the nurse to urgently communicate with the healthcare provider? (Select all that apply.) a. Decerebrate posturing b. Reactive pupils c. Diminished cognition d. Glasgow Coma Scale score of 8
ANS: A, C, D
A nurse assesses a patient who experienced a spinal cord injury at the T5 level 12 hours ago. Which manifestations would the nurse correlate with neurogenic shock? (Select all that apply.) a. Urine output less than 30 mL/hr b. Blood pressure of 185/65 mm Hg c. Heart rate of 34 beats/min d. Increased oxygen saturation e. Decreased level of consciousness
ANS: A, C, E
A female patient who had a stroke 24 hours ago has expressive aphasia. What is an appropriate nursing intervention to help the patient communicate? a. Prevent embarrassing the patient by answering for her if she does not respond. b. Ask questions that the patient can answer with "yes" or "no." c. Develop a list of words that the patient can read and practice reciting. d. Have the patient practice her facial and tongue exercises with a mirror.
ANS: B
A nurse cares for a client with advanced Alzheimer's disease. The client's caregiver states, "She is always wandering off. What can I do to manage this restless behavior?" How would the nurse respond? a. "This is a sign of fatigue. The client would benefit from a daily nap." b. "Engage the client in scheduled activities throughout the day." c. "The provider can prescribe a mild sedative for restlessness." d. "It sounds like this is difficult for you. I will consult the social worker."
ANS: B
A nurse is caring for four patients who might be brain dead. Which patient would best meet the criteria to allow assessment of brain death? a. Patient with a core temperature of 95° F (35° C) for 2 days b. Patient in a coma for 2 weeks from a motor vehicle crash c. Patient with a systolic blood pressure of 92 mm Hg since admission d. Patient who is found unresponsive in a remote area of a field by a hunter
ANS: B
The nurse is admitting a patient who has a neck fracture at the C6 level to the intensive care unit. Which finding on the nursing assessment is congruent with neurogenic shock? a. Involuntary and spastic movement b. Hypotension and warm extremities c. Lack of sensation or movement below the injury d. Hyperactive reflexes below the injury
ANS: B
The nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about multiple sclerosis (MS). Which statement by the nurse is correct? a. "MS is characterized by weak muscles and decreased nerve impulses caused by decreased ACh." b. "MS is characterized by lesions or plaques on myelin sheaths of nerves." c. "MS is characterized by degeneration of neurons and nerves in the brain and spinal cord." d. "MS is characterized by neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the CNS."
ANS: B
Which assessment data for a patient who has Guillain-Barré syndrome will require the nurse's most immediate action? a. The patient reports severe pain in the feet. b. The patient is continuously drooling saliva. c. The patient's blood pressure (BP) is 150/82 mm Hg. d. The patient's sacral area skin is reddened.
ANS: B
The student learning about neurological disorders remembers that key features of increased intracranial pressure include which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. Narrowed pulse pressure b. Decerebrate posturing c. Projectile vomiting d. Aphasia e. Hyperactivity
ANS: B, C, D
A 20-yr-old male patient is admitted with a head injury after a collision while playing football. After noting that the patient has developed clear nasal drainage, which action should the nurse take? a. Have the patient gently blow the nose. b. Teach the patient that rhinorrhea is expected after a head injury. c. Check the drainage for glucose content. d. Obtain a specimen of the fluid to send for culture and sensitivity.
ANS: C
A 33-yr-old patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) is to begin treatment with glatiramer acetate (Copaxone). Which information should the nurse include in patient teaching? a. Recommendation to drink at least 4 L of fluid daily b. Need to avoid driving or operating heavy machinery c. How to draw up and administer injections of the medication? d. Use of contraceptive methods other than oral contraceptives
ANS: C
A patient is diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). As the disease progresses, which intervention should the nurse implement? a. Explain how to care for a sigmoid colostomy. b. Teach the patient how to use a motorized wheelchair. c. Facilitate the patient's request to prepare an advance directive. d. Discuss the need to be placed in a long-term care facility.
ANS: C
An emergency room nurse initiates care for a patient with a cervical spinal cord injury who arrives via emergency medical services. What action would the nurse take first? a. Obtain vital signs. b. Administer oxygen therapy. c. Evaluate respiratory status. d. Assess level of consciousness.
ANS: C
An older patient is hospitalized with Guillain-Barré syndrome. A family member tells the nurse that the patient is restless and seems confused. What action by the nurse is best? a. Check the medication list for interactions. b. Place the patient on a bed alarm. c. Assess the patient's oxygen saturation. d. Put the patient on safety precautions.
ANS: C
A 63-yr-old patient who began experiencing right arm and leg weakness is admitted to the emergency department. In which order will the nurse implement these actions included in the stroke protocol? (Put a comma and a space between each answer choice [A, B, C, D].) a. Obtain CT scan without contrast. b. Infuse tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). c. Administer oxygen to keep O2 saturation >95%. d. Use National Institute of Health Stroke Scale to assess patient.
ANS: C, D, A, B
A male patient is in the emergency department after a fall, resulting in a closed head injury. The admitting nurse's notes state the patient responds by opening his eyes and pushing the nurse's arm away when painful stimuli is applied. The patient does not make any verbal response. How would the nurse document this patient's assessment using the Glasgow Coma Scale shown below? a. 10 b. 6 c. 12 d. 8
ANS: D
A nurse is performing an assessment on a patient with a diagnosis of a brain tumor that is located in the brainstem and notes that the patient is assuming the posture in the figure. The nurse contacts the primary health care provider and reports that the patient is exhibiting which assessment finding? Refer to the figure. a. Flaccid quadriplegia b. Decorticate posturing c. Paraparesis d. Decerebrate posturing
ANS: D
A nurse is teaching a patient with multiple sclerosis who is prescribed cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) and methylprednisolone (Medrol). Which statement would the nurse include in this patient's discharge teaching? a. "Relying on a walker will weaken your gait." b. "Take warm baths to promote muscle relaxation." c. "Take prescribed medications when symptoms occur." d. "Avoid crowds and people with colds."
ANS: D
A patient in hospice is manifesting a decrease in all body system functions except for a heart rate of 124 beats/min and a respiratory rate of 28 breaths/min. Which statement would be accurate for the nurse to make to the patient's family? a. "These vital signs may indicate an improvement in the patient's condition." b. "These vital signs demonstrate the body's ability to compensate and heal." c. "These vital signs will continue to increase until death finally occurs." d. "These vital signs are an expected response now but will slow down later."
ANS: D
A patient reports weakness of the extremities and diplopia. The nurse knows that these symptoms are characteristic of which condition? a. Parkinson's disease (PD) b. Myasthenia gravis (MG) c. Cerebral palsy (CP) d. Multiple sclerosis (MS)
ANS: D
The nurse is providing teaching for the family of a patient who has been newly diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Which statement by the family member indicates understanding of the teaching? a. "The onset of Alzheimer's disease is usually between 65 and 75 years." b. "Alzheimer's disease affects memory but not personality." c. "With proper treatment, symptoms of this disease can be arrested." d. "Alzheimer's disease is a chronic, progressive condition."
ANS: D
Which action should the nurse take first to ensure culturally competent care for an alert, terminally ill Filipino patient? a. Ask the patient and family about their preferences for care during this time. b. Obtain information from Filipino staff members about possible cultural needs. c. Remind family members that dying patients may want to have them at the bedside. d. Let the family decide how to tell the patient about the terminal diagnosis.
ANS: A
A patient who had a severe traumatic brain injury is being discharged home, where the spouse will be a full-time caregiver. What statement by the spouse would lead the nurse to provide further education on home care? a. "With respite care and support, I think I can do this." b. "Hopefully things will improve gradually over time." c. "I need to seek counseling because I am very angry." d. "I know I can take care of all these needs by myself."
ANS: D
After reviewing the health record shown in the accompanying figure for a patient who has multiple risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD), which topic will be most important for the nurse to discuss with the patient? a. Cholesterol level b. Head injury history c. Family history d. Tobacco use
ANS: D
A nurse assesses a patient with paraplegia from a spinal cord injury and notes reddened areas over the patient's hips and sacrum. What actions would the nurse take? (Select all that apply.) a. Get the patient out of bed and into a chair once a day. b. Reposition the patient off of the reddened areas. c. Obtain a low-air-loss mattress to minimize pressure. d. Perform range-of-motion (ROM) exercises for the hip joint. e. Apply a barrier cream to protect the skin from excoriation.
ANS: B, C
A nurse assesses a patient with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Stroke Scale and determines the patient's score to be 36. How should the nurse plan care for this patient? a. The patient will need safety precautions. b. The patient will be discharged home. c. The patient will need near-total care. d. The patient will need cuing only.
ANS: C
A nurse delegates care for a client with early-stage Alzheimer's disease to an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP). Which statement would the nurse include when delegating this client's care? a. "If she is confused, play along and pretend that everything is okay." b. "Use validation therapy to recognize and acknowledge the client's concerns." c. "Reorient the client to the day, time, and environment with each contact." d. "Remove the clock from her room so that she doesn't get confused."
ANS: C
A nurse is caring for a dying client. The client's spouse states, "I think he is choking to death." How would the nurse respond? a. "I will administer more morphine to keep your spouse comfortable." b. "I can ask the respiratory therapist to suction secretions out through his nose." c. "I will have another nurse assist me to turn your spouse onto the side." d. "Do not worry. The choking sound is normal during the dying process."
ANS: C
A nurse is caring for four patients in the neurologic intensive care unit. After receiving the hand-off report, which patient does the nurse see first? a. Patient who is requesting pain medication for a headache b. Patient with a moderate brain injury who is amnesic for the event c. Patient with a Glasgow Coma Scale score that was 10 and is now 8 d. Patient with a Glasgow Coma Scale score that was 9 and is now 12
ANS: C
A patient in the intensive care unit is scheduled for a lumbar puncture (LP) today. On assessment, the nurse finds the patient breathing irregularly with one pupil fixed and dilated. What action by the nurse is best? a. Give the prescribed preprocedure sedation. b. Document these findings in the patient's record. c. Notify the provider of the findings immediately. d. Ensure that informed consent is on the chart.
ANS: C
The emergency department nurse instructs a student to assess a patient who has a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) for signs and symptoms consistent with this injury. What signs and symptoms does the student recognize as consistent? a. Widened pulse pressure b. Unconscious for hours after injury c. Elevated temperature d. Sensitivity to light and sound
ANS: D
The nurse admits a terminally ill patient to the hospital. What is the first action that the nurse should plan to complete? a. Discuss the normal grief process with the patient and family. b. Emphasize the importance of addressing any family concerns. c. Encourage the patient to talk about fears or unresolved issues. d. Determine the patient's wishes about end-of-life care.
ANS: D
The nurse is caring for a patient who has just returned after having left carotid artery angioplasty and stenting. Which assessment information is of most concern to the nurse? a. There are fine crackles at the lung bases. b. The blood pressure is 144/86 mm Hg. c. The pulse rate is 102 beats/min. d. The patient has difficulty speaking.
ANS: D
An 80-year-old patient has been hospitalized for the past week for evacuation of subdural hematoma after a fall. Immediately after surgery, the patient was alert and oriented with right-sided hemiparesis. The patient's speech was slurred, but the patient could communicate needs without problem. The patient was continent of bowel and bladder most of the time, and began rehabilitative therapies. On the third postoperative day, aspiration pneumonia was confirmed by x-ray and the patient was started on IV antibiotic therapy. Today, the nurse reviewed the last entry in the Nurses' Notes for an update of the patient's condition.Nurses' Notes: 0730: Patient very drowsy this morning but can be arroused with gentle shaking of left arm. Oriented X 3, however does not readily respond when spoken to but eventually answers in 1-2 words. No adventitious or diminished breath sounds. S1 & S2 present; no additional heart sounds or murmurs noted. Bowel sounds present x 4 and abdomen soft. Had 2 incontinent diarrheal stools during the night. Able to move all extremities, but right arm remains weak. Skin intact; no reddened areas noted. Scheduled for PT & OT this morning. Oral temp 100.2F this morning, increased from 98 F orally last night. B Smith, RNThe nurse reviews the notes and recognizes that the patient's findings that are of immediate concern are 1)_________, 2) ________, 3) ________, and 4) ________. a. Right arm weakness b. Elevated temperature c. Drowsiness d. Speech ability e. Incontinent diarrheal stools f. No adventitious or diminished breath sounds g. Bowel sounds x 4
ANS:
A nurse is caring for a patient with paraplegia who is scheduled to participate in a rehabilitation program. The patient states, "I do not understand the need for rehabilitation; the paralysis will not go away and it will not get better." How would the nurse respond? a. "The rehabilitation program will teach you how to maintain the functional ability you have and prevent further disability." b. "When new discoveries are made regarding paraplegia, people in rehabilitation programs will benefit first." c. "Rehabilitation programs have helped many patients with your injury. You should give it a chance." d. "If you don't want to participate in the rehabilitation program, I'll let the provider know."
ANS: A
A patient in the emergency department is having a stroke and needs a carotid artery angioplasty with stenting. The patient's mental status is deteriorating. What action by the nurse is most appropriate? a. Attempt to find the family to sign a consent. b. Nothing; no consent is needed in an emergency. c. Sign the consent form for the patient. d. Inform the provider that the procedure cannot occur.
ANS: A
A patient with myasthenia gravis has the priority patient problem of inadequate nutrition. What assessment finding indicates that the priority goal for this patient problem has been met? a. Weight gain of 3 lbs (1.4 kg) in 1 month b. Intake greater than output 3 days in a row c. Eating 75% of meals and between-meal snacks d. Ability to chew and swallow without aspiration
ANS: A
After a stroke, a patient has ataxia. What intervention is most appropriate to include on the patient's plan of care? a. Ambulate only with a gait belt. b. Encourage double swallowing. c. Perform post-void residuals. d. Monitor lung sounds after eating.
ANS: A
After change-of-shift report on the Alzheimer's disease/dementia unit, which patient will the nurse assess first? a. Patient who developed a new cough after eating breakfast. b. Patient who has a stage II pressure ulcer on the coccyx. c. Patient who is refusing to take the prescribed medications. d. Patient who has not had a bowel movement for 3 days.
ANS: A
After teaching the wife of a client who has Parkinson disease, the nurse assesses the wife's understanding. Which statement by the client's wife indicates that she correctly understands changes associated with this disease? a. "He may have trouble chewing, so I will offer bite-sized portions." b. "This disease is associated with anxiety causing increased perspiration." c. "He should not socialize outside of the house due to uncontrollable drooling." d. "His masklike face makes it difficult to communicate, so I will use a white board."
ANS: A
The nurse is caring for four patients with traumatic brain injuries. Which patient would the nurse assess first? a. Patient who has a temperature of 102° F (38.9° C) b. Patient who has a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 12 c. Patient with amnesia for the incident d. Patient with a PaCO2 of 36 mm Hg who is on a ventilator
ANS: A
What should the nurse advise a patient with myasthenia gravis (MG) to do? a. Complete physically demanding activities early in the day. b. Perform frequent weight-bearing exercise to prevent muscle atrophy. c. Protect the extremities from injury due to poor sensory perception. d. Anticipate the need for weekly plasmapheresis treatments.
ANS: A
When admitting an acutely confused patient with a head injury, which action should the nurse take? a. Ask family members about the patient's health history. b. Ask leading questions to assist in obtaining health data. c. Wait until the patient is better oriented to ask questions. d. Obtain only the physiologic neurologic assessment data.
ANS: A
Which assessment finding in a patient with a spinal cord tumor requires immediate action by the nurse? a. Decreased ability to move the legs b. Back pain that worsens with coughing c. Depression about the diagnosis d. Anxiety about scheduled surgery
ANS: A
You are a nurse working on a busy Neurosurgical Unit. Today you are assigned a 19-year-old college student who was admitted three days ago. While diving into a swimming pool, he lost control of his body and hit the water hard, losing consciousness. He suffered a flexion fracture of the cervical spine with spinal cord injury. In the Emergency Department (ED), three-view spinal x-rays (anteroposterior, lateral, and odontoid views) and computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a C8 spine fracture with displacement and spinal cord compression. His spine fracture was promptly reduced and the spine realigned with skeletal traction: insertion of a halo ring in the skull and application of traction using weights.The patient was administered IV Solu-Medrol (methylprednisolone) when first admitted. The medication was administered to: a. stabilize the patient's blood pressure. b. minimize post-injury spinal cord damage. c. decrease movement of the spine. d. prevent spinal infection.
ANS: B
A nurse assesses a client who has Parkinson disease. Which manifestation would the nurse recognize as a key feature of this disease? a. Long, extended steps b. Tachycardia c. Slow movements d. Dry mucous membranes
ANS: C
The nurse has administered prescribed IV mannitol (Osmitrol) to an unconscious patient. Which parameter should the nurse monitor to determine the medication's effectiveness? a. Blood pressure b. Oxygen saturation c. Intracranial pressure d. Hemoglobin and hematocrit
ANS: C
The nurse is preparing to administer the anticholinergic medication benztropine (Cogentin) to a patient who has Parkinson's disease. The nurse understands that this drug is used primarily for which purpose? a. To improve mobility and muscle strength b. To prevent urinary retention c. To suppress tremors and muscle rigidity d. To decrease drooling and excessive salivation
ANS: C
The spouse of a patient newly diagnosed with mild, unilateral symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) asks the nurse what, besides medication, can be done to manage the disease. The nurse will a. tell the spouse that the disease will not progress if mild symptoms are treated early. b. counsel the spouse that parkinsonism is a normal part of the aging process in some people. c. recommend exercise, nutritional counseling, and group support to help manage the disease. d. tell the spouse that medication therapy can be curative if drugs are begun in time.
ANS: C
A 40-yr-old patient is diagnosed with early Huntington's disease (HD). What information should the nurse provide when teaching the patient, spouse, and adult children about this disorder? a. Levodopa-carbidopa (Sinemet) will help reduce HD symptoms. b. Prophylactic antibiotics decrease the risk for aspiration pneumonia. c. Improved nutrition and exercise can delay disease progression. d. Genetic testing is an option for the children to determine their HD risk.
ANS: D
