Exam 3: Mastering Blood Vessels (#5)

Which of the following would reflect the typical net hydrostatic pressure (HP) at the arterial end of the capillary? -12 mm Hg -1 mm Hg -34 mm Hg

34 mm Hg

What tissue types and features are found in the layer indicated by the red arrow?

Smooth muscle and elastic fibers

By how much does blood pressure drop as blood flows through a capillary?

about 15 mm Hg

A decrease in blood pressure at the arterial baroreceptors would result in which of the following? -a decrease in cardiac output -a decrease in heart rate -vasodilation of arterioles -an increase in heart contractility

an increase in heart contractility

Stimulation of the adrenal medulla would result in which of the following? -a decrease in cardiac output -a decrease in blood pressure -an increase in heart rate and contractility -vasodilation of arteries

an increase in heart rate and contractility

Each of the following would cause an increase in blood pressure except __________. increase in aldosterone increase in blood volume an inhibitor of angiotensin II increase in peripheral resistance

an inhibitor of angiotensin II

Which of these helps move blood around the systemic system? -arterial pressure greater than venous pressure -venous pressure greater than arterial pressure -right ventricle -smooth muscle in the tunica media

arterial pressure greater than venous pressure

Arterial blood flow rises and falls during the cardiac cycle because __________.

arterial pressure rises and falls

Into which blood vessel does the left ventricle directly pump blood?

ascending aorta

When muscle cells contract they release substances that cause nearby precapillary sphincters to relax. This is an example of __________.

autoregulation

Peripheral resistance depends on all of the following factors except __________. blood vessel length blood viscosity blood vessel diameter blood colloid osmotic pressure

blood colloid osmotic pressure

In the capillaries, hydrostatic pressure (HP) is exerted by __________.

blood pressure

Except near the heart, corresponding arteries and veins usually follow the same path; an example of this is the case of the subclavian arteries and veins. Are these two statements true or false?

both statements are true

The only vessels whose walls are thin enough to exchange with the surrounding cells are __________.

capillaries

The net hydrostatic pressure (HP) is the hydrostatic pressure in the __________ minus hydrostatic pressure in the __________.

capillary; interstitial fluid

The cardiovascular centers in the medulla oblongata control __________.

cardiac contractility peripheral resistance heart rate

Where are the sensors for the arterial baroreceptor reflex located?

carotid sinus and aortic arch

All of these changes in the cardiovascular system are commonly seen in aging except __________. decrease in valve efficiency decrease in hematocrit decrease in cardiac output decrease in arterial wall stiffness

decrease in arterial wall stiffness

In the case of hemorrhage, the body mobilizes all these defenses except _________. increased thirst decreased ADH secretion increased peripheral resistance increased heart rate

decreased ADH secretion

The pulmonary trunk carries ___________ blood __________ the lung.

deoxygenated; to

Arteries have a tissue in their middle and internal vessel walls that veins contain less, called __________ tissue.

elastic

True or false? The blood within the pulmonary trunk contains highly oxygenated blood.

false

What feature distinguishes this type of capillary from a continuous capillary?

fenestrations

What process is depicted in this figure?

filtration

Elevated capillary hydrostatic pressure __________.

forces more fluid between endothelial cells

If blood pressure is increased at the arterial baroreceptors, what would happen with the activity level of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS)?

increased PNS activity and decreased SNS activity

As the heart ages, which of these changes is not normally seen? -decreased cardiac output -decreased ejection fraction -increased elasticity of the fibrous skeleton -coronary arteriosclerosis

increased elasticity of the fibrous skeleton

Which organ produces renin and erythropoietin to help maintain normal blood pressure and hematocrit?

kidney

Which blood vessel returns blood to the left atrium?

left and right pulmonary veins

The most extensive communication takes place between the cardiovascular system and the __________ system.

lymphoid

Which brain region contains the cardiovascular centers?

medulla oblongata

Which net pressure draws fluid into the capillary?

net osmotic pressure

Vasomotion refers to contraction-relaxation cycles of the __________.

precapillary sphincters

The colloid osmotic pressure in the capillary is caused by __________.

proteins in the blood

Stenosis is a permanent narrowing of an artery, as with arteriosclerosis. Which of the following could occur with stenosis of a renal artery? -Anemia will occur. -Renin secretion will increase. -Epinephrine secretion will increase. -Urine output will increase.

renin secretion will increase

The layer of a blood vessel that is dominated by smooth muscle cells is called the __________.

tunica media

Reabsorption of fluid into the capillary takes place at the arterial end or venous end of the capillary?

venous