Exam 3 Patho 2850

The most important factor in the person's stress response is what?

Adaptive coping strategies

The psychiatric nurse managing the care of a client experiencing alcohol withdrawal instructs unit staff to anticipate that the client may experience which neurological response?

Tactile hallucinations

Which is one characteristic that differentiates generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and panic disorder?

In GAD, the person usually does not experience eruptions of acute anxiety.

A nurse determines that a client who is experiencing anxiety is demonstrating relief survival behaviors. The nurse determines that the client is experiencing which degree of anxiety based on this presentation?

Severe

A nurse is assessing a 2-year-old child diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Which findings does the nurse expect to find on assessment? Select all that apply.

The child avoids eye contact. The child does not relate to parents. The child becomes upset with minor changes in routine.

A nurse is speaking to the peers of a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The nurse finds that these children do not like the child and do not want to include the child during play. What are the likely reasons for the children feeling this way? Select all that apply.

The child is not cooperative while playing. The child constantly interrupts while playing. The child doesn't follow the rules of the game.

A nurse is preparing a treatment plan for a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). What should be the treatment goals for the child? Select all that apply.

The child should remain free of injury. The child should follow directions. The child should be able to complete tasks.

A client with asthma is prescribed a short acting beta-adrenergic (SABA) for quick relief. Which of the following is the most likely drug to be prescribed?

Albuterol

A client with cancer is receiving chemotherapy and reports to the nurse that his or her mouth is painful and has difficulty ingesting food. What actions should the nurse take? Select all that apply.

Asks the client to open his or her mouth to facilitate inspection of the oral mucosa Instructs the client to brush the teeth with a soft toothbrush Consults with the healthcare provider about use of nystatin

Which of the following is generally NOT considered to be a carcinogen?

Parasites

Which medication is used to prevent alcohol withdrawal symptoms?

Lorazepam (Ativan)

A client has a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Following a coughing episode, the client reports sudden and unrelieved shortness of breath. Which of the following is the most important for the nurse to assess?

Lung sounds

The nurse is describing some of the major characteristics of cancer to a client who has recently received a diagnosis of malignant melanoma. When differentiating between benign and malignant cancer cells, the nurse should explain differences in which of the following aspects? Select all that apply.

Rate of growth Ability to cause death Ability to spread

In speaking with a client with moderate anxiety, the client becomes tangential discussing unrelated topics. To help the client's attention from wandering, which is an effective intervention?

The nurse should speak in short and simple sentences.

A nurse is preparing a plan of care for a client with anxiety. Which elements would the nurse likely include? Select all that apply.

Using appropriate coping skills Identifying treatment modalities Involving family for support, if appropriate Providing supportive feedback

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who will undergo chemotherapy and radiation prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). What statement will the nurse use to describe the purpose of the chemotherapy and radiation?

"These therapies destroy the ability of your body to produce blood cells inside your bone marrow."

During a client's examination and consultation, the physician keeps telling the client, "You have an abdominal neoplasm." Which statements accurately paraphrase the physician's statement? Select all that apply.

"You have a new growth of abnormal tissue in your abdomen." "You have an abdominal tumor."

A nurse is speaking to the parents of a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The parents ask the nurse about the reason for the child's underachievement in academics. What explanation given by the nurse is most appropriate?

"Your child has trouble following the teacher's directions."

Which medication is contraindicated in acute asthma exacerbations?

Cromolyn sodium

Which precautions should a nurse include in the care plan for a client with leukemia and neutropenia?

Eliminate fresh fruits and vegetables, avoid using enemas, and practice frequent hand washing.

Which of the following is a common irritant that acts as a trigger of asthma?

Esophageal reflux

The nurse has instructed the client to use a peak flow meter. The nurse evaluates client learning as satisfactory when the client

Exhales hard and fast with a single blow

A client is experiencing severe alcohol withdrawal. Which would the nurse most likely assess? Select all that apply.

Marked diaphoresis Auditory hallucinations Gross uncontrollable tremors

The nurse is assessing an adolescent client who was diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder as a child. On current assessment the nurse finds that the client's behavior has deteriorated. What may be the possible causes of this change? Select all that apply.

Hormonal changes Increased parental and peer pressure Inability to perform well in school

A nurse is preparing an educational session for family members affected by substance abuse. Which point should the nurse include in the session? Select all that apply.

Substance abuse is an illness like any other. An individual with substance abuse issues typically cannot use drugs socially.

A nurse is seeing a client prior to discharge after being admitted to hospital for suicidal ideation. As the nurse begins the discharge process, the client closes the eyes and begins rapid, shallow breathing. The client also begins to shake and perspire profusely. Which actions should the nurse take? Select all that apply.

Talk to the client in a comforting manner. Take the client to a quiet space. Reassure the client of being safe.

The nurse caring for an older adult with a diagnosis of leukemia would encourage the client to use an electric razor. Why?

Trauma and microabrasions may contribute to anemia.

A pediatric nurse is providing a session on risk factors for childhood cancers. Which risk factor does the nurse include in this teaching session? Select all that apply.

viral triggers genetic predisposition for certain cancers genetic markers that fail to suppress cancer absence of tumor suppressor cells that allow abnormal growth accumulation of mutations in the cell that transform to neoplasm

What interventions are most appropriate for the nurse to include in the plan of care for a client at risk for infection? Select all that apply.

Assess skin and mucus membranes every shift. Auscultate lung sounds every shift and as needed. Encourage the client to take deep breaths every 4 hours while awake.

A client with a nagging cough makes an appointment to see the physician after reading that this symptom is one of the seven warning signs of cancer. What is another warning sign of cancer?

Indigestion

A client with symptoms of mild persistent asthma is now initiating treatment. Which of the following is the preferred therapy that the nurse will teach the client to use at home?

Inhaled beclomethasone

When caring for an older client who is receiving external beam radiation, which is the key point for the nurse to incorporate into the plan of care?

Inspect the skin frequently.

A nurse is teaching a client with emphysema how to perform pursed-lip breathing. The client asks the nurse to explain the purpose of this breathing technique. Which explanation should the nurse provide?

It helps prevent early airway collapse.

The root cause of cancer is damage to cellular deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) which can be caused by many factors, or carcinogens. What factors can be carcinogenic? Select all that apply.

dietary substances environmental factors viruses

A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is admitted to the medical-surgical unit. To help this client maintain a patent airway and achieve maximal gas exchange, the nurse should:

instruct the client to drink at least 2 L of fluid daily.