Exam 3 practice questions
In one passage through a bed of systemic blood capillaries, the blood gives up about what percentage of its oxygen? 5% to 10% 10% to 15% 20% to 25% 30% to 40% 70% to 85%
20% to 25%
About how much does the volume of the lungs change during respiration?
500 mL
Which statement about the Chloride Shift is true? Chloride and Bicarbonate are moved in the same direction during the Chloride Shift Chloride is pumped out of the red blood cell during the Chloride Shift Bicarbonate is sent out of the red blood cell during the Chloride Shift Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the conversion of carbonic acid to CO2 and water during the Chloride Shift
Bicarbonate is sent out of the red blood cell during the Chloride Shift
Bronchoconstriction is caused by which of the following Cold air Sympathetic stimulation Adrenaline Epinephrine
Cold air
The ________________ is directly moved by deep intrinsic muscles of the larynx in order to affect the pitch of sounds produced in the larynx Corniculate cartilage vocal cord Epiglottis vestibular fold
Corniculate cartilage
Which of these bronchus structures provides the bronchi with the ability to recoil? Muscularis mucosae hyaline cartilage MALT elastic connective tissue
Elastic connective tissue
The pancreatic cells that produce insulin and glucagon have a(n) _________ function Nervous Endocrine Paracrine Exocrine
Endocrine
Blood coming from the intestinal tract enters the liver where _________ break down toxins or medicines that were absorbed in the intestines Enzymes Sinusoidal capillaries Bile canaliculi White blood cells
Enzymes
Which of the following has no effect on oxyhemoglobin dissociation? Epinephrine Fever Thyroid hormone Low pH Erythrocyte count
Erythrocyte count
The pancreatic cells that produce pancreatic juice have a(n) _____________ function Nervous Endocrine Paracrine Exocrine
Exocrine
True or false: According to the Bohr effect, a low level of oxyhemoglobin enables the blood to transport more CO2.
False
True or false: Breathing is controlled solely by the medulla oblongata and pons.
False
Which of these terms describes an increased breathing rate that is involuntary and a result of increased metabolic demad? Forced respiration Apnea Hyperventilation Hyperpnea
Hyperventilation
Which of these terms describes an involuntary increase in breathing rate in excess of metabolic demand? Apnea hyperventilation forced respiration hyperpnea
Hyperventilation
Hypocapnia will lead to which of the following conditions? Hypoventilation due to acidosis Hypoventilation due to alkalosis Hyperventilation due to acidosis Hyperventilation due to alkalosis Hypocapnia does not affect ventilation rate.
Hypoventilation due to alkalosis
The ______________ reflex is triggered by the stretching of the rectum. This involves only the stretching of the myenteric nerve plexus, leading to rectum contractions Intrinsic defecation Parasympathetic defecation Gastrocolic Duodenocolic
Intrinsic defecation
Which of these organs secretes bile into the duodenum? Stomach Pancreas Liver and gallbladder Large intestine
Liver and gallbladder
Which component of saliva kills bacteria like Streptococcus mutans? Lysosomes Antibodies Amylase Lipase
Lysosomes
Which of these bronchus structures contains a large number of white blood cells Muscularis mucosae hyaline cartilage MALT elastic connective tissue
MALT
Which of these cells secretes surfactant? Dust cells Type II alveolar cells Capillary endothelial cells type I alveolar cells
Type II areolar cells
Boyle's law states that as the volume of a gas decreases, its pressure
increases
Carbon dioxide is transported by all the following means except _________. carbaminohemoglobin carbonic acid carbonate bicarbonate ions dissolved gas
carbonate
Which of the following enzymes in an RBC breaks H2CO3 down to water and carbon dioxide?
carbonic anhydrase (CAH)
Which of these terms describes deep and/or rapid breathing? apnea forced respiration hyperpnea hyperventilation
forced respiration
The ______________ reflex is triggered by the stretching of the rectum. This involves sending a signal to the spinal cord, which then sends parasympathetic signals to the rectum Intrinsic defecation parasympathetic defecation Gastrocolic Duodenocolic
parasympathetic defecation
The functional tissue of the lung is known as the ________________ Alveoli respiratory epithelium parenchyma mucociliary escalator
parenchyma
Another term for breathing is. . .
pulmonary ventilation
The addition of CO2 to the blood generates __________ ions in the RBCs, which in turn stimulates RBCs to unload more oxygen. sodium potassium nitrogen hydrogen chloride
hydrogen
Which of these terms describes an increased breathing rate that is involuntary and a result of increased metabolic demand? Apnea hyperventilation forced respiration hyperpnea
hyperpnea
Which of these terms describes the involuntary increase in breathing rate in excess of metabolic demand? apnea forced respiration hyperpnea hyperventilation
hyperventilation
In order to expel air from the lungs, the pressure of the lungs must ________ and so the volume ____________
increase; decrease
Which of the following processes does NOT involve the contraction of muscles? quiet expiration quiet inspiration forced respiration
quiet expiration
Which of the five stages of digestion involves the movement of nutrients from the lumen of the digestive tract eventually into the blood Defecation compaction digestion absorption ingestion
Absorption
How is alveolar air different from inhaled air? Alveolar air has much more water vapor Alveolar is almost identical to inhaled air Alveolar air has much less carbon dioxide Alveolar air has much more oxygen
Alveolar air has much more water vapor
Which component of saliva prevents the growth of bacteria like Streptococcus mutans? Lysosomes Antibodies Amylase Lipase
Antibodies
Why is just as much carbon dioxide exchanged at the alveoli as oxygen? CO2 and oxygen have equal partial pressure gradients CO2 has a much steeper partial pressure gradient between the alveoli and capillaries than oxygen CO2 is 20x more soluble in water than oxygen CO2 and oxygen have equal molecular weights, so they move at equal speeds
CO2 is 20x more soluble in water than oxygen
Residue on the teeth made of bacteria and sugars that becomes hardened with inorganic compound is called. . . Calculus plaque cavities caries
Calculus
Blood unloads CO2 in the alveolar capillaries most easily from which sources? Carbonic Acid and Bicarbonate Carbamino compounds and CO2 dissolved in plasma
Carbamino compounds and CO2 dissolved in plasma
Hemoglobin bound to carbon dioxide is called what? Carbaminohemoglobin Oxyhemoglobin Deoxyhemoglobin This molecule doesn't exist, so it doesn't have a name
Carbaminohemoglobin
The disease that causes tooth lesions is called. . . calculus Caries Plaque cavities
Caries
Which of these stomach gland cell types is the most common cell type of the pyloric and cardiac glands? Regenerative cells Parietal cells Enteroendocrine cells Chief cells Mucous cells
Mucous cells
Which of these bronchus structures provides the bronchi with the ability to dilate and constrict in order to regulate their airflow? Muscularis mucosae hyaline cartilage MALT elastic connective tissue
Muscularis mucosae
Which of these occurs in the short reflexes of the digestive tract Myenteric nerve plexus is stretched, causing more peristalsis Hormones and paracrine factors are released from stomach and salivary glands Parasympathetic stimulation of the myenteric nerve plexus and many other organs The vagus nerve nerve stimulates the submucosal nerve plexus to trigger peristalsis
Myenteric nerve plexus is stretched, causing more peristalsis
What is the most abundant gas in atmospheric air? Oxygen Nitrogen Water vapor Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen
Which nasal structure is/are found in the roof of the nasal cavity as well as the nasal septum? Nasal conchae Olfactory epithelium Nasal meatus Vibrissae
Olfactory epithelium
Which of these occurs in the long reflexes of the digestive tract Myenteric nerve plexus is stretched, causing more peristalsis Hormones and paracrine factors are released from stomach and salivary glands Parasympathetic stimulation of the myenteric nerve plexus and many other organs The vagus nerve nerve stimulates the submucosal nerve plexus to trigger peristalsis
Parasympathetic stimulation of the myenteric nerve plexus and many other organs
Residue on teeth made of bacteria and sugars is called? calculus Caries Plaque cavities
Plaque
Alkalosis is best defined as a blood pH. . . Above 7.45 lower than 7.45 above 7.35 lower than 7.35
above 7.45
The blood transports more CO2 in the form of ___________ than in any other form. carbaminohemoglobin carboxyhemoglobin bicarbonate ions dissolved CO2 gas bisphosphocarbonate
bicarbonate ions
Which of these cells performs phagocytosis on particulate matter in the alveoli? dust cells type I alveolar cells Capillary endothelial cells type II alveolar cells
dust cells
Which of these is NOT part of the respiratory membrane? Basement membrane capillary endothelial cells dust cells type I alveolar cells
dust cells
Which layer of the tooth is composed of a highly calcified substance?
enamel
Bronchodilation is triggered by which of the following? Irritants in the airway epinephrine histamine parasympathetic stimulation
epinephrine
true or false: Hemoglobin releases the same amount of oxygen to all the tissues regardless of variations in their metabolic rate.
false
According to Henry's law, more gas will dissolve in a fluid if... it has a higher temperature it has a lower solubility in water it is mixed with another gas it has a higher partial pressure
it has a higher partial pressure
The respiratory system provides __________ to the blood and removes ________ from the blood
oxygen to the blood; and removes CO2 from the blood
Which of these cells is also called a great alveolar cell? Dust cells type I alveolar cells capillary endothelial cells type II alveolar cells
type II alveolar cells
The _______ is located just superior to the vocal cords but does not contribute to sound production at all vestibular fold vocal fold corniculate cartilage epiglottis
vestibular fold
The _________ is a structure that can be stretched or relaxed in order to produce sounds of different pitches/frequencies vestibular fold vocal fold corniculate cartilage epiglottis
vocal fold