Exam 3 practice questions

In one passage through a bed of systemic blood capillaries, the blood gives up about what percentage of its oxygen? 5% to 10% 10% to 15% 20% to 25% 30% to 40% 70% to 85%

20% to 25%

About how much does the volume of the lungs change during respiration?

500 mL

Which statement about the Chloride Shift is true? Chloride and Bicarbonate are moved in the same direction during the Chloride Shift Chloride is pumped out of the red blood cell during the Chloride Shift Bicarbonate is sent out of the red blood cell during the Chloride Shift Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the conversion of carbonic acid to CO2 and water during the Chloride Shift

Bicarbonate is sent out of the red blood cell during the Chloride Shift

Bronchoconstriction is caused by which of the following Cold air Sympathetic stimulation Adrenaline Epinephrine

Cold air

The ________________ is directly moved by deep intrinsic muscles of the larynx in order to affect the pitch of sounds produced in the larynx Corniculate cartilage vocal cord Epiglottis vestibular fold

Corniculate cartilage

Which of these bronchus structures provides the bronchi with the ability to recoil? Muscularis mucosae hyaline cartilage MALT elastic connective tissue

Elastic connective tissue

The pancreatic cells that produce insulin and glucagon have a(n) _________ function Nervous Endocrine Paracrine Exocrine

Endocrine

Blood coming from the intestinal tract enters the liver where _________ break down toxins or medicines that were absorbed in the intestines Enzymes Sinusoidal capillaries Bile canaliculi White blood cells

Enzymes

Which of the following has no effect on oxyhemoglobin dissociation? Epinephrine Fever Thyroid hormone Low pH Erythrocyte count

Erythrocyte count

The pancreatic cells that produce pancreatic juice have a(n) _____________ function Nervous Endocrine Paracrine Exocrine

Exocrine

True or false: According to the Bohr effect, a low level of oxyhemoglobin enables the blood to transport more CO2.

False

True or false: Breathing is controlled solely by the medulla oblongata and pons.

False

Which of these terms describes an increased breathing rate that is involuntary and a result of increased metabolic demad? Forced respiration Apnea Hyperventilation Hyperpnea

Hyperventilation

Which of these terms describes an involuntary increase in breathing rate in excess of metabolic demand? Apnea hyperventilation forced respiration hyperpnea

Hyperventilation

Hypocapnia will lead to which of the following conditions? Hypoventilation due to acidosis Hypoventilation due to alkalosis Hyperventilation due to acidosis Hyperventilation due to alkalosis Hypocapnia does not affect ventilation rate.

Hypoventilation due to alkalosis

The ______________ reflex is triggered by the stretching of the rectum. This involves only the stretching of the myenteric nerve plexus, leading to rectum contractions Intrinsic defecation Parasympathetic defecation Gastrocolic Duodenocolic

Intrinsic defecation

Which of these organs secretes bile into the duodenum? Stomach Pancreas Liver and gallbladder Large intestine

Liver and gallbladder

Which component of saliva kills bacteria like Streptococcus mutans? Lysosomes Antibodies Amylase Lipase

Lysosomes

Which of these bronchus structures contains a large number of white blood cells Muscularis mucosae hyaline cartilage MALT elastic connective tissue

MALT

Which of these cells secretes surfactant? Dust cells Type II alveolar cells Capillary endothelial cells type I alveolar cells

Type II areolar cells

Boyle's law states that as the volume of a gas decreases, its pressure

increases

Carbon dioxide is transported by all the following means except _________. carbaminohemoglobin carbonic acid carbonate bicarbonate ions dissolved gas

carbonate

Which of the following enzymes in an RBC breaks H2CO3 down to water and carbon dioxide?

carbonic anhydrase (CAH)

Which of these terms describes deep and/or rapid breathing? apnea forced respiration hyperpnea hyperventilation

forced respiration

The ______________ reflex is triggered by the stretching of the rectum. This involves sending a signal to the spinal cord, which then sends parasympathetic signals to the rectum Intrinsic defecation parasympathetic defecation Gastrocolic Duodenocolic

parasympathetic defecation

The functional tissue of the lung is known as the ________________ Alveoli respiratory epithelium parenchyma mucociliary escalator

parenchyma

Another term for breathing is. . .

pulmonary ventilation

The addition of CO2 to the blood generates __________ ions in the RBCs, which in turn stimulates RBCs to unload more oxygen. sodium potassium nitrogen hydrogen chloride

hydrogen

Which of these terms describes an increased breathing rate that is involuntary and a result of increased metabolic demand? Apnea hyperventilation forced respiration hyperpnea

hyperpnea

Which of these terms describes the involuntary increase in breathing rate in excess of metabolic demand? apnea forced respiration hyperpnea hyperventilation

hyperventilation

In order to expel air from the lungs, the pressure of the lungs must ________ and so the volume ____________

increase; decrease

Which of the following processes does NOT involve the contraction of muscles? quiet expiration quiet inspiration forced respiration

quiet expiration

Which of the five stages of digestion involves the movement of nutrients from the lumen of the digestive tract eventually into the blood Defecation compaction digestion absorption ingestion

Absorption

How is alveolar air different from inhaled air? Alveolar air has much more water vapor Alveolar is almost identical to inhaled air Alveolar air has much less carbon dioxide Alveolar air has much more oxygen

Alveolar air has much more water vapor

Which component of saliva prevents the growth of bacteria like Streptococcus mutans? Lysosomes Antibodies Amylase Lipase

Antibodies

Why is just as much carbon dioxide exchanged at the alveoli as oxygen? CO2 and oxygen have equal partial pressure gradients CO2 has a much steeper partial pressure gradient between the alveoli and capillaries than oxygen CO2 is 20x more soluble in water than oxygen CO2 and oxygen have equal molecular weights, so they move at equal speeds

CO2 is 20x more soluble in water than oxygen

Residue on the teeth made of bacteria and sugars that becomes hardened with inorganic compound is called. . . Calculus plaque cavities caries

Calculus

Blood unloads CO2 in the alveolar capillaries most easily from which sources? Carbonic Acid and Bicarbonate Carbamino compounds and CO2 dissolved in plasma

Carbamino compounds and CO2 dissolved in plasma

Hemoglobin bound to carbon dioxide is called what? Carbaminohemoglobin Oxyhemoglobin Deoxyhemoglobin This molecule doesn't exist, so it doesn't have a name

Carbaminohemoglobin

The disease that causes tooth lesions is called. . . calculus Caries Plaque cavities

Caries

Which of these stomach gland cell types is the most common cell type of the pyloric and cardiac glands? Regenerative cells Parietal cells Enteroendocrine cells Chief cells Mucous cells

Mucous cells

Which of these bronchus structures provides the bronchi with the ability to dilate and constrict in order to regulate their airflow? Muscularis mucosae hyaline cartilage MALT elastic connective tissue

Muscularis mucosae

Which of these occurs in the short reflexes of the digestive tract Myenteric nerve plexus is stretched, causing more peristalsis Hormones and paracrine factors are released from stomach and salivary glands Parasympathetic stimulation of the myenteric nerve plexus and many other organs The vagus nerve nerve stimulates the submucosal nerve plexus to trigger peristalsis

Myenteric nerve plexus is stretched, causing more peristalsis

What is the most abundant gas in atmospheric air? Oxygen Nitrogen Water vapor Carbon dioxide

Nitrogen

Which nasal structure is/are found in the roof of the nasal cavity as well as the nasal septum? Nasal conchae Olfactory epithelium Nasal meatus Vibrissae

Olfactory epithelium

Which of these occurs in the long reflexes of the digestive tract Myenteric nerve plexus is stretched, causing more peristalsis Hormones and paracrine factors are released from stomach and salivary glands Parasympathetic stimulation of the myenteric nerve plexus and many other organs The vagus nerve nerve stimulates the submucosal nerve plexus to trigger peristalsis

Parasympathetic stimulation of the myenteric nerve plexus and many other organs

Residue on teeth made of bacteria and sugars is called? calculus Caries Plaque cavities

Plaque

Alkalosis is best defined as a blood pH. . . Above 7.45 lower than 7.45 above 7.35 lower than 7.35

above 7.45

The blood transports more CO2 in the form of ___________ than in any other form. carbaminohemoglobin carboxyhemoglobin bicarbonate ions dissolved CO2 gas bisphosphocarbonate

bicarbonate ions

Which of these cells performs phagocytosis on particulate matter in the alveoli? dust cells type I alveolar cells Capillary endothelial cells type II alveolar cells

dust cells

Which of these is NOT part of the respiratory membrane? Basement membrane capillary endothelial cells dust cells type I alveolar cells

dust cells

Which layer of the tooth is composed of a highly calcified substance?

enamel

Bronchodilation is triggered by which of the following? Irritants in the airway epinephrine histamine parasympathetic stimulation

epinephrine

true or false: Hemoglobin releases the same amount of oxygen to all the tissues regardless of variations in their metabolic rate.

false

According to Henry's law, more gas will dissolve in a fluid if... it has a higher temperature it has a lower solubility in water it is mixed with another gas it has a higher partial pressure

it has a higher partial pressure

The respiratory system provides __________ to the blood and removes ________ from the blood

oxygen to the blood; and removes CO2 from the blood

Which of these cells is also called a great alveolar cell? Dust cells type I alveolar cells capillary endothelial cells type II alveolar cells

type II alveolar cells

The _______ is located just superior to the vocal cords but does not contribute to sound production at all vestibular fold vocal fold corniculate cartilage epiglottis

vestibular fold

The _________ is a structure that can be stretched or relaxed in order to produce sounds of different pitches/frequencies vestibular fold vocal fold corniculate cartilage epiglottis

vocal fold