Exam 3: pt.2

The three components of the adult sternum are the __________.

manubrium, body, and xiphoid process

The intervertebral foramina __________.

permit the passage of nerves to and from the spinal cord

Which ribs are named false ribs?

rib pairs 8-12

Which vertebral process projects posteriorly?

spinous process

Beginning at the superior end of the vertebral canal and proceeding inferiorly, __________.

the diameter of the vertebral foramen decreases, and the size of the vertebral body increases

The skeleton of the chest, or thorax, consists of __________.

thoracic vertebrae, ribs, and sternum

The first seven ribs are called __________, and they connect to the sternum by individual costal cartilages.

true ribs

Ribs pairs 8, 9, and 10 are called __________.

vertebrochondral ribs

What important function is associated with the ribs?

Breathing

What type of vertebrae are characterized by short, stumpy spinous processes and large bodies?

Lumbar vertebrae

Which are the largest and most massive of the vertebrae?

Lumbar vertebrae

Which of the ribs are referred to as vertebral ribs?

Rib pairs 11 and 12

Which of the following consists of five fused vertebrae and articulates with the pelvic girdle?

Sacrum

Why does the adult vertebral column have fewer vertebrae than that of a newborn?

Some vertebrae fuse together after birth.

What bones connect the axial skeleton and the lower appendicular skeleton?

The sacrum and the pelvic girdle

Which of the following statements about the thoracic cage is FALSE?

The sternum does not ossify until an individual reaches 30 years of age.

What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?

atlas

C1 and C2 have specific names, which are the __________.

atlas and the axis

The only vertebrae that have transverse foramina in the transverse processes are __________.

cervical

Of the following, which correctly identifies the sequence of the vertebrae from superior to inferior?

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx

Which of the following is NOT one of the three parts of the sternum?

costal groove

Which region of the vertebral column articulates with the ribs?

Thoracic

What is the function of the intervertebral foramina?

To connect spinal nerves to the spinal cord.

What is the term for the opening in the vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord?

Vertebral foramen

What is the difference between vertebrosternal ribs and vertebrochondral ribs?

Vertebrosternal ribs connect directly to the sternum, whereas vertebrochondral ribs do not.