WGU C175 Final+1+2

file

A named collection of related records.

How were data retrieved before database management systems?

Sequentially from simple files

What uniquely identifies each entity in a collection of entities but is not the primary key?

The alternate key

Students IDSt LastName IDProf Prof Grade 1 Mueller 3 Schmid 5 2 Meier 2 Borner 4 3 Tobler 1 Bernasconi 6 Which factor determines whether the table is in first normal form?

The attributes are all single valued.

knowledge

The body of information and facts about a specific subject. Knowledge implies familiarity, awareness, and understanding of information as it applies to an environment. A key characteristic is that new knowledge can be derived from old knowledge.

query result set

The collection of data rows returned by a query.

database management system (DBMS)

The collection of programs that manages the database structure and controls access to the data stored in the database.

Image shows Product (2 bars) solid line to (1 bar + Crow's Feet) Component (1 bar + Crow's Feet) solid line back to Product (2 bars)

Unary many-to-many

Image shows 1 Salesperson box, One Salesperson (2 bars) to One Salesperson (2 bars). What kind of relationship does it depict?

Unary one-to-one

router

(1) An intelligent device used to connect dissimilar networks. (2) Hardware/software equipment that connects multiple and diverse networks.

In which two ways does a database management system environment increase effectiveness in working with data?

- It enables data sharing, - It permits storage of vast volumes of data.

ad hoc query

A "spur-of -the-moment" question.

data dictionary

A DBMS component that stores metadata - data about data. Thus, the data dictionary contains the data definition as well as their characteristics and relationships. A data dictionary may also include data that are external to the DMBS. Also known as an information resource dictionary. See also active data dictionary, metadata, and passive data dictionary.

record

A collection of related (logically connected) fields.

data independence

A condition in which data access is unaffected by changes in the physical data storage characteristics.

data inconsistency

A condition in which different versions of the same data yield different (inconsistent) results.

data anomaly

A data abnormality in which inconsistent changes have been made to a database. For example, an employee moves, but the address change is not corrected in all files in the database.

structural dependence

A data characteristic in which a change in the database schema affects data access, thus requiring changes in all access programs.

structural independence

A data characteristic in which changes in the database schema do not affect data access.

data dependence

A data condition in which data representation and manipulation are dependent on the physical data storage characteristics.

transactional database

A database designed primarily to support a company's day-to-day operations. Also known as a operational database, OLTP database, or production database.

production database

A database designed primarily to support a company's day-to-day operations. Also known as a operational database, transactional database, or OLTP database.

online transaction processing (OLTP) database

A database designed primarily to support a company's day-to-day operations. Also known as a operational database, transactional database, or production database.

operational database

A database designed primarily to support a company's day-to-day operations. Also known as a transactional database, OLTP database, or production database.

analytical database

A database focused primarily on storing historical data and business metrics used for tactical or strategic decision making.

centralized database

A database located at a single site.

XML database

A database system that stores and manages semistructured XML data.

general-purpose databases

A database that contains a wide variety of data used in multiple disciplines.

discipline-specific databases

A database that contains data focused on specific subject areas.

cloud database

A database that is created and maintained using cloud services, such as Microsoft Azure or Amazon AWS.

multiuser database

A database that supports multiple concurrent users.

single-user database

A database that supports only one user at a time.

What is necessary for a primary key in one relation of a database to match with its corresponding foreign key in another relation of the same database?

A domain of values

Image shows Salesperson (with 2 bars) to Customer (with open circle and Crow's Feet). What is the correct way to read the modality on the right side of the association?

A minimum of zero customers

workgroup database

A multiuser database that usually supports fewer than 50 users or is used for a specific department in an organization.

NoSQL

A new generation of database management systems that is not based on the traditional relational database model.

query language

A nonprocedural language that is used by a DBMS to manipulate its data. An example of a query language is SQL.

Structured Query Language (SQL)

A powerful and flexible relational database language composed of commands that enable users to create database and table structures, perform various types of data manipulation and data administration, and query the database to extract useful information.

data management

A process that focuses on data collection, storage, and retrieval. Common data management functions include addition, deletion, modification, and listing.

query

A question or task asked by an end user of a database in the form of SQL code. A specific request for data manipulation issued by the end user or the application to the DBMS.

database

A shared, integrated computer structure that houses a collection of related data. A database contains two types of data: end-user data (raw facts) and metadata.

desktop database

A single-user database that runs on a personal computer.

hub

A warehouse of data packets housed in a central location on a local area network. It contains multiple ports that copy the data in the data packets to make it accessible to selected or all segments of the network.

Which item represents unstructured data? A. Video training content. B. SQL tables of training instructors. C.Relational db for training tracking. D. Training db backup

A. Training Video Content

A manager asks an employee to list attributes of the customers that are headquartered in Los Angeles and that have a customer number higher than 1000. Refer to the given SQL statement prepared by this employee. SELECT CUSTNUM, CUSTNAME, HQCITY FROM CUSTOMER WHERE HQCITY='Los Angeles' Which line should go at the end of this statement?

AND CUSTNUM>1000;

performance tuning

Activities that make a database perform more efficiently in terms of storage and access speed.

field

An alphabetic or numeric character or group of characters that defines a characteristic of a person, place, or thing. For example, a person's Social Security number, address, phone number, and bank balance all constitute fields.

database system

An organization of components that defines and regulates the collection, storage, management, and use of data in a database environment.

Image shows Sales (with Crow's Feet and 1 bar) to Product (with 2 bars). What is the modality of the product?

At least one

Where does affinity grouping occur in data mining?

Between objects

What is a term for a set of columns in a table that can uniquely identify any record in that table without referring to other data?

Candidate key

Sales data, detailing the customer names, products sold, and salespersons, is kept in a database. Which kind of data in this database would qualify as intersection data related to both the product and salesperson entities?

Customer names

metadata

Data about data; that is, data about data characteristics and relationships. See also data dictionary.

What is a methodology for organizing attributes into tables?

Data normalization

unstructured data

Data that exists in its original, raw state; that is, in the format in which it was collected.

semistructured data

Data that has already been processed to some extent.

structured data

Data that has been formatted to facilitate storage, use, and information generation.

online analytical processing (OLAP)

Decision support system (DSS) tools that use multidimensional data analysis techniques. OLAP creates an advanced data analysis environment that supports decision making, business modeling, and operations research.

What is the uniquely identifiable element about which data can be categorized in an entity-relationship diagram?

Entity types

Which data classification is an entity?

Event

data redundancy

Exists when the same data is stored unnecessarily at different places.

The given SQL statement is intended to query how many books there are with at least 800 pages from publishers in Los Angeles, United States. SELECT COUNT(*) ? WHERE PUBLISHER.PUBNAME=BOOK.PUBNAME AND CITY='Los Angeles' AND COUNTRY='United States' AND PAGES>=800; With which line should the question mark in this statement be replaced?

FROM PUBLISHER, BOOK

What are data?

Facts that are collected and stored in a database system

Project Code Employee No. Employee Name Department No. Department Name Hourly Rate PC010 S10001 A. Smith L004 IT 22.00 PC010 S10030 L. Jones L023 Pensions 18.50 PC010 S21010 P. Lewis L004 IT 21.00 PC045 S10010 B. Jones L004 IT 21.75 PC045 S10001 A. Smith L004 IT 18.00 PC045 S31002 T. Gilbert L028 Database 25.50 PC045 S13210 W. Richards L008 Salary 17.00 PC064 S31002 T. Gilbert L028 Database 23.25 PC064 S21010 P. Lewis L004 IT 17.50 PC064 S10034 B. James L009 HR 16.50 In which state are the attributes shown?

First normal form

Which technology has no internal hierarchy?

Flat files

What is the term for the value of one particular attribute associated with a specific single value of another attribute?

Functional dependency

A product-marketing company publishes an Internet-based newsletter about their new products to increase their customer base. What is an advantage that this company will gain from investing in a relational database management system that will store customer information?

Improved query response times

role

In Oracle, a named collection of database access privileges that authorize a user to connect to a database and use its system resources.

data integrity

In a relationship database, a condition in which the data in the database complies with all entity and referential integrity constraints.

availability

In the context of data security, it refers to the accessibility of data whenever required by authorized users and for authorized purposes.

islands of information

In the old file system environment, pools of independent, often duplicated, and inconsistent data created and managed by different departments.

Which set of results should a company expect from implementing a business intelligence system?

Increased profitability and increased throughput

Which three kinds of rules for referential integrity are provided by modern relational database management systems?

Insert, Delete, Update

Which classification is correct for the box marked "Quantity" in the given entity-relationship diagram?

Intersection data

What is a determining characteristic of unstructured data?

It does not follow a data model.

What happens to the original data in database indexing?

It is copied to the index.

Refer to the given SQL statement to answer the following question: SELECT * FROM PRODUCT; What would this SQL statement accomplish?

List all entries in the PRODUCT table.

One Customer (with Crows Feet) to One Product (with Crow's Feet)

Many customers to many products

A salesperson is authorized to sell 12 products; a product can be sold by 10 salespersons. Which kind of binary relationship is described in this example?

Many-to-many

Which issue is focused on the loading component of extract, transform, load (ETL)?

Monitor refreshing volume and frequency

Which SQL statement alphabetizes customer names within the same satellite-office city? ORDER or ALPHA?

ORDER BY SATCITY, CUSTNAME;

What is a key difference between the DISTINCT and ORDER BY statements, in SQL SELECT commands?

ORDER BY modifies the presentation of data results and DISTINCT filters data results.

What is the entity-relationship diagram about a car rental agency showing?

One manufacturer created at least one of the agency's cars

How is prediction distinguished from estimation in data mining?

Prediction classifies objects according to an expected future behavior.

What is an attribute or group of attributes that uniquely identify a tuple in a relation?

Primary key

What is a broad definition of data?

Raw facts that are captured on printed or digital media

data

Raw facts, or facts that have not yet been processed to reveal their meaning to the end user.

What is an important aspect of "referential integrity"?

Reference to data in one relation is based on values in another relation.

website

Refers to the Web server and the collection of Web pages stored on the local hard disk of the server computer.

Refer to the given SQL statement. SELECT COMMPERCT, YEARHIRE FROM SALESPERSON WHERE SPNUM=22; How should this statement be altered to retrieve the entire record instead of the commission percentage and year of hire?

Replace COMMPERCT, YEARHIRE with an asterisk

Which SQL statement will retrieve rows for all stores in Atlanta or Los Angeles or New York?

SELECT StoreID, City FROM Suppliers WHERE City IN ('Atlanta', 'Los Angeles', 'New York');

enterprise database

The overall company data representation, which provides support for present and expected future needs.

data processing (DP) specialist

The person responsible for developing and managing a computerized file processing system.

database design

The process that yields the description of the database structure and determines the database components. The second phase of the Database Life Cycle.

information

The result of processing raw data to reveal its meaning. Information consists of transformed data and facilitates decision making.

Which characteristic points to the tables being in third normal form?

The tables are completely free of data redundancy.

physical data format

The way a computer "sees" (stores) data.

logical data format

The way a person views data within the context of a problem domain.

Image shows Salesperson (with 1 bar) to Customers (with 1 bar). How is the cardinality of the customers misrepresented?

There are many customers, but the cardinality indicates one customer.

Which is true about flat files?

They contain no internal hierarchical organization.

ID Contract Code 1 Vinod 091 2 Rajiv 091 Code City Country 091 Bangalore India The primary key in the first table is ID, and the primary key in the second is Code. How advanced are the two tables in the normalization process?

Third normal form

Why is an index created on a database column?

To optimize data retrievals

Why are indexes created in a physical database design?

To retrieve data directly using a pointer.

During which step in the extract, transform, load (ETL) process are raw data sets aggregated?

Transformation

Refer to the given SQL statement. SELECT SPNUM, SPNAME FROM SALESPERSON What is the correct line to add to the end of this statement to find salespersons with a commission percentage of 15?

WHERE COMMPERCT=15;

The given SQL statement is intended to list the names of the products of which salesperson Fox has sold more than 500 units. SELECT PRODNAME FROM SALESPERSON, SALES, PRODUCT ? ? AND SPNAME='Fox' AND QUANTITY>500; Which set of lines should replace the question marks to make this statement work?

WHERE SALESPERSON.SPNUM=SALES.SPNUM AND SALES.PRODNUM=PRODUCT.PRODNUM

social media

Web and mobile technologies that enable "anywhere, anytime, always on" human interactions.

World Wide Web (WWW or the web)

Worldwide network collection of specially formatted and interconnected documents known as Web pages. Also called the Web.