Bonds and Valence Electrons

octet

8 valence electrons

single bond

A chemical bond formed when atoms share one pair of electrons.

double bond

A chemical bond formed when atoms share two pairs of electrons.

covalent bond

A chemical bond formed when two aroms share electrons.

non-polar bond

A covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally.

polar bond

A covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally.

subscript

A number in a chemical formula that tells the number of atoms in a molecule or the ratio of elements in a compound.

electron dot diagram

A representation of the valence electrons in an atom, using dots.

malleable

A term used to describe material that can be hammered or rolled into flat sheets.

ion

An atom or group of atoms that has become electrically charged.

ion charge

An ion is an atom or molecule which has lost or gained one or more electrons, making it positively or negatively charged.

high melting point

Ionic

chemical formula

Symbols that show the elements in a compound and the ratio of atoms.

ionic bond

The attraction between oppositely charged ions

valence electrons

The electrons that are in the highest energy leval of an atom and they are involved in chemical bonding.

chemical bond

The force of attraction that holds two atoms together.

Lewis structure

a structural formula in which electrons are represented by dots; dot pairs or dashes between two atomic symbols represent pairs in covalent bonds.

ductile

a term used to describe a material that can be pulled out into a long wire

covalent properties

soft, often liquid or gas; low melting+boiling points; insoluble in water; doesn't conduct electricity

metalic bond

where metals put all their electrons in a pool and they can move around (makes metal be able to bend and conduct elecrticity really well)

metalic properties

• Electrical conductors in all phases •High melting points •Solids except Hg Lustrous •Malleable •Conduct heat •Ductile

electronegativity

(chemistry) the tendency of an atom or radical to attract electrons in the formation of an ionic bond

ionic properties

- Form chemically from a metal and nom metal - Crystalline solid at room temp - Hard and brittle - Nonconductive in solid state - Conductive in liquid state - Form aqueous electroylte solutions - Have high melting/freezing point - High high vaporization/condensation point - Extremely soluble in water - Examples: All salts are ionic