exam 3 study guide bio 1107k

The production of alcohol or lactate from pyruvate during _ occurs as a means of regenerating _ from _.

fermentation; NAD+; NADH

considering only glycolysis and the conversion of pyruvate molecules to acetyl CoA molecules, how Many NADH molecules will be produced from one glucose molecule?

four

the four stages of aerobic respiration of glucose

gate

phosphorylation reaction

glucose+ ATP r glucose-P+ADP

T or F: ATP stores energy for long periods of time

F

The photolysis of water occurs in conjunction with photosystem one

F

The stage of cellular respiration in which most of the ATP is produced is the citric acid cycle

F

chemical energy is a form of kinetic energy.

F

for each glucose molecule that begin cellular respiration, the citric acid cycle must turn once

F

in competitive inhibition, the inhibitor binds to the enzyme to the allosteric site.

F

in photosynthesis, the oxygen atoms are released as O2 came from CO2

F

in the process of aerobic respiration, nitrate can function as the terminal electron except or in the electron transport chain

F

surrounding the grana is the thykloid lumen

F

the conversion of polysaccharides to monosaccharides is an example of AN ANABOLIC reaction

F

One important regulation point in the aerobic respiration of mammals occurs in glycolysis at the site of the enzyme phosphofructose, which is

Inhibited by high levels of ATP

which process does not match the location in a typical eukaryotic cell?

glycolysis-mitochondrion

A group of thykloid discs make up

granum

oxygen produced by photosynthesis comes directly from

h2o

ATP is formed when __________ the thylakoid lumen.

hydrogen ions leave

if one continues to increase the temperature in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of the reaction

increases and then decreases rapidly

The life and death of cells are governed by

laws of thermodynamics

The reactions that occur in the thykloid membranes are

light dependent reaction

The reactions of photosynthesis are divided into two categories

light-dependent reactions and carbon fixation reactions

An electron absorbs a photon of light energy and becomes energized; the electron shifts from a __________ atomic orbital to a __________ atomic orbital.

lower energy to higher energy

enzymes are important biological catalysts because they

lower the activation energy of a biochemical reaction

I thought chloe membrane enclosed is a space called the

lumen

The sum of all chemical activities taking place an organism is

metabolism

if conditions are aerobic, pyruvate flows directly into the_______ where some of its Atoms are converted next to _______

mitochondria; acetyl coA

which of the following statements concerning enzymes is FALSE?

most enzymes are RNA molecules

ATP is a type of

nucleotide

in photosynthesis, ATP and NADPH are produced during

Light dependent phase

The reactions of the citric acid cycle take place in the .....

Matrix of the mitochondrion

part of the enzyme molecule that interact with a substrate are called

active sites

an allosteric enzyme

allows a substance other than the substance to bind the enzyme, thereby activating or inactivating it.

pathways that have an overall energy requirements are referred to as

anabolic reactions

during fermentation, the immediate fate of the electrons in NADH is that they

are transferred to an organic molecule

organismal body heat is a

byproduct of exergonic reactions

which of the following is not associated with the thykloid membranes?

calvin cycle

anaerobic respiration differs from aerobic respiration in that anaerobic respiration

can utilize NO3- as the terminal electron acceptor.

Cellular respiration is most accurately described as a ______ process

catabolic

what is false about activation energy

catalyst raise a reaction's activation energy

When hydrogen ions (protons) are pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane, they form a proton gradient. ATP is then formed by a process known

chemiosmosis

which of the following is common to both photosynthesis and aerobic respiration

chemiosmosis

The most important pigment for the process of photosynthesis is

chlorophyll a

Red and blue light support the highest rate of photosynthesis because

chlorophyll absorbs these wavelengths more than other wavelengths

A glucose molecule that is metabolized via aerobic respiration has been completely broken down and released as CO2 by the end of

citric acid cycle

in order for a cell to maintain a high degree of order, it must

constantly use energy

and eukaryotics, glycolysis occurs in the

cytosol

chlorophyll molecules are attached to thykloid membranes by

A long hydrocarbon tail

in glycolysis, glucose receives 2 phosphate groups from _________, thus forming fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate

ATP

thykloid membranes are involved in ________ synthesis

ATP

which compound contains the most energy

ATP

which of the following is an end product of glycolysis?

ATP

an enzyme binds its substrate to the

Active site

which of the following molecules can be used as a substrate for cellular respiration?

All of the above - glucose - fatty acids -proteins - lipids

during chemiosmosis, _________ are transferred from NADH & FADH2 to electron acceptor molecules, and the energy released is used to create a ________ gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane

electrons; proton

The synthesis of ATP as a result of the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis is an _________ reaction that is coupled to the diffusion of __________ down their concentration gradient

endergonic; protons

The transfer of electrons from one compound to another is equivalent to _________ transfer

energy

which word is defined by the statement: A measure of this disorder, or randomness?

entropy

the reaction ATP+H2O r ADP+P¡ is classified as an

exergonic reaction

when the free energy of the reactants is greater than the free energy of the products, such a reaction is referred to as

exergonic reaction

______ a process where energy (as electrons) is released, whereas _______ is a process where energy (as electrons) is accepted.

oxidation, reduction

NADH and FADH2 are the products of

oxidation-reduction reactions

which of the following statements is not correct about lactic acid fermentation

oxygen is the final electron acceptor of this pathway

in glycolysis, a six carbon glucose molecule is converted to 2 three-carbon molecules of

pyruvate

aerobic respiration is classified as

redox process

during the aerobic respiration, oxygen is

reduced

in a chloroplast, there is an outer and an inner membrane. The innermembrane encloses a fluid filled region called the

stroma

A substance on which an enzyme acts is called the

substrate

The transfer of electrons from glucose to oxygen during aerobic respiration takes place in a stepwise fashion through a number of intermediates rather than by direct transfer. This is because

the energy of the electrons can be used to make ATP

A drowning death would be most directly due to

the lack of oxygen to accept hydrogen

chlorophyll and accessory photosynthetic pigments are associated with the

thykloid membranes

The electron transport chain photosynthesis is located in the

thylakoid membrane

The role of the oxygen molecules required for aerobic respiration is

to accept the low energy electrons at the end of the electron transport chain

for each acetyl COA molecule that enters the citric acid cycle, how many CO2 molecules are produced?

two

during the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis, a constant supply of electrons is provided by

water

because enzymes affect the speed of chemical reactions without being consumed, they are referred to as

catalysts

an example of an anaerobic pathway

fermentation

what refers to the situation in which the binding of a substrate to the enzyme causes a change in the enzyme shape, facilitating an enzyme's function?

induced fit

The synthesis of ATP during photosynthesis or respiration occurs as a result of

phosphorylation of ADP

The ________ of a chlorophyll molecule is responsible for absorbing light

porphyrin ring

The part of a chlorophyll molecule that absorbs light energy is the

porphyrin ring

The ultimate source of energy for almost all living organisms is

sun

glycolysis yields a net energy profit of _______ ATP molecules per molecule of glucose

2

When one molecule of glucose is completely oxidized in aerobic respiration, the net amount of ATP produced is:

36-38

The downhill flow of protons through the ATP synthase complex powers the production of....

ATP

in the electron transport chain, exergonic redox processes drive the endergonic reaction in which

ATP is produced by phosphorylation of ADP

In chemiosmosis, ATP is produced as hydrogen ions (protons) pass through:

ATP synthase

according to the second law of thermodynamics, energy cannot be created or destroyed

F

an example of an anabolic reaction is the splitting of a polysaccharide into monosaccharide

F

in aerobic respiration, glucose is completely

Oxidized to carbon dioxide

in aerobic respiration, the electrons associated with the hydrogen atoms in glucose are ultimately transferred to

Oxygen in a series of steps

aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, and fermentation

Release free energy

The first step in the Calvin cycle is the attachment of carbon dioxide to

RuBP

an enzyme raises the activation energy of the reaction it catalyzes

T