Exam 4

Stourhead Gardens Wiltshire, England Henry Flitcroft 1741-1771

(Henry Flitcroft & Henry Hoare: London 1740's-1760's) - Recreated old french landscapes from paintings - Follies recreated like a mini pantheon - Framing the bridge and water - Trees framed the folly henry moore II. shaped nature to what he thinks it should be. creates certain experience of nature with myth and ideas. idealized landscape. work of art - not a natural landscape. beauty, experience, history, sequence, myth. idealized landscape merges mythical and realistic nature. antidote to industrialism. wholeness and beauty. benign natural world. embodies all expectations of what we think nature is.

Duban Sculpture Court

in Ecole des Beaux-Arts

Louis Sullivan Tall Office Building Artistically Considered Auditorium Wainwright Prudential/Guaranty

A leading architect of skyscrapers in the late nineteenth century, stressed the need for building designs that followed function. His works combined beauty, modest cost, and efficient use of space.

Monadnock Building Chicago, IL Burnham & Root 1890

A skyscraper in Chicago built by Daniel Burnham (Burnham & Root), which is considered the last tall building featuring load bearing masonry. It only had steel and iron used on the interior, and the walls were 2-4 feet thick at some points due to the nature of the building. Used Bay Windows and borrowed light to light the interior spaces, and the steel staircase had ornate patterns but was not enclosed, making it a fire hazard.

Reliance Building Chicago, IL Burnham & Co Neo Gothic 1893

An office building (now a hotel) constructed by Burnham and Root in Chicago with logically ordered spaces enclosed by faceted walls of glass and a steel skeleton covered by terra-cotta panels, which made for light cladding relative to bricks. It was similar to the Monadnock Building in terms of the floor plan, but they didn't waste materials covering up parts of the steel frame on the interior.

Crystal Palace London, England Joseph Paxton 1851

Building erected in London, for the Great Exhibition of 1851. Made of iron and glass, like a gigantic greenhouse, it was a symbol of the industrial age.

Daniel Burnham (US) World Columbian Exposition White City City Beautiful Movement>>Plan for Chicago Monadnock Reliance

CHICAGO, began 1906. A leading architect and city planner, produced a magnificent plan for redesigning Chicago. designed the slender 285-foot tower in 1902, the Flatiron Building

Woolworth Building NYC Cass Gilbert Neo gothic 1913

Steel frame structure; Tallest building in world when completed in 1913

AWN Pugin (England) Contrasts Houses of Parliament Opposed to iron/ industrialization/ decatholicization of architecture

Gothic as morally superior Christian [Catholic] architecture. Evils of industrialization related to Classical architecture. English architect and devout Catholic, known for his Gothic Reveal tastes because the style emulated moral Christian ideals. evangelical catholic in england (a minority). he juxtaposes images of current, industrial learning world of his time with the idea gothic towns

Bibliotheque Ste. Genevieve Paris, France Henri Labrouste 1850

Iron

James Gibbs (England) A Book of Architecture St. Martin-in-the-Fields, London, 1720 ->> Mt Airy, VA 1750

St. Martin-in-the-Fields late Georgian; "A Book of Architecture" which had floor plans, drawings of houses, etc. that needed little or no architectural training

The U.S. Capitol Building Washinton DC Thornton. Latrobe. Walter. 1790s-1860s

This Neoclassical American landmark built in the first part of the 19th century features a massive dome.

John Ruskin (England) Seven Lamps of Architecture Stones of Venice Embraced preservation, opposed renovation. The beauty of a building exists in its

british art critic, poet and writer who criticized industrialized cities and their pollution. believed that people no longer appreciated the environments spiritual or aesthetic benefits

English Landscape Garden

context for Chiswick House

Fonthill Abbey Wiltshire, England James Wyatt for patron William Beckford Gothick ;) 1790

designed by James Wyatt. has to do with the passage of time. ability to absorb change. cant interact with perfect form. designed all at once but to look like its been done over time. open to change. emerging notion of organic form. each piece has a task to perform. Not an abbey or a monastery, Planned to have a great spire, but it wasn't finished, Convincingly gothic, castle like, Grand interiors 1825 there was a hurricane and the tower collapsed, Becomes a ruin and is demolished

Eugene Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc (France) Notre Dame Paris restoration Embraced iron materiality

restored medieval buildings during the 19th century. In works such as the Dictionnaire raisonné d'architecture and Lectures on Architecture, Viollet-le-Duc, a teacher at the École Polytechnique in Paris, stresses the fusion of the architecture with the past with modern technology used in distinctively modern ways. An important restorer of medieval buildings who believed that he could complete them as their builders would have done. stressed truth according to construction, advocated a return to regional building, liked buildings that reveal the nature of their materials, perfected forms of the neoclassical, belief that style marks culture

Grand Master Planning of Paris Haussman 1850s-1870s

urban context of Paris Opera House