EXAM 4 ch. 11
Terrestrial vertebrates are descendants of lobe-finned fishes that lived during the Devonian period, approximately:
400 million years ago
Which of the following is true about evolutionary success?
A successful organism can find food, escape predators, and reproduce.
Which of the following about insects is FALSE?
All insects have three life stages: larva, pupa, and adult.
Why did early naturalists think that sponges were plants and not animals?
Because they didn't move
Cnidarians are a unique group of organisms. Which of the following statements about cnidarians is TRUE?
Cnidarians can be sessile (polyp) or free-floating (medusa).
Which of the following best explains why fins and jaws evolved in a parallel manner?
Fins and jaws work together: Fins get you to the organism you are going to eat, and jaws capture and kill it.
Which of the following species has radial symmetry during their larval stage?
None of the above has radial symmetry during its larval stage.
Sea stars, a type of echinoderm, are seemingly harmless organisms. Which of the following, if any, is a defense/predation mechanism of the sea star?
The first two are correct - The tube feet create a combined force to pull apart shells of a clam or mussel. - The stomach can be pushed out through the mouth into a slightly opened clam shell, secreting digestive enzymes.
Which of the following is NOT true about amphibians?
Throughout their lives, amphibians can live in both water and on land
Sponges are:
all of the above. - hermaphrodites. - asexual. - sessile. - members of phylum Porifera.
Which of the following short descriptions best describes the body plan of modern sponges?
an aggregation of cells built around a water canal system
Which of the following traits is unique to arthropods?
an exoskeleton
Which of the following insect orders has the most species currently named by scientists?
beetles
Birds are grouped with turtles, lizards, snakes, alligators and crocodiles. Birds, however, have feathers and can generate their own body heat, which other reptiles cannot do. Which of the following likely explains the original evolutionary function of feathers in early reptiles?
behavioral displays
Which of the following characteristics could NOT be used to differentiate the three worm phyla, Annelida, Platyhelminthes, and Nematoda?
bilateral symmetry
The notochord that characterizes all chordates at some stage in their life cycle provides all of the following functions EXCEPT:
bony protection for the nerve cord.
Which of the following is the BEST evidence of organized social groups among early Homo species?
burial sites exhibiting evidence of rituals
Octopuses belong to which of the following groups?
cephalopods
Crabs, lobsters, and barnacles all belong to which group?
crustaceans
What evolutionary change occurred in animal evolution such that animals had a "front" and "back," as well as right and left sides?
development of bilateral symmetry
Which one of the following characteristics distinguishes all chordates from all other animals?
dorsal, hollow nerve cord
All species are either ____________ or ______________.
extant; extinct
Which of the following would NOT be classified as an arthropod?
giant clam
Sharks are to jaws as _________ are to _________________.
lampreys, circular oral disks
Some general evolutionary change trends in animals include:
larger body size, bilateral symmetry, and an enclosed, fluid-filled body cavity.
An air environment, gravity, and desiccation are three challenges that were addressed in the evolution of reptiles. What three evolutionary innovations addressed these challenges?
lungs, better limb support, and the amniotic egg
Which of the following is NOT an important feature in distinguishing animals from each other?
method of locomotion (movement)
hich of the following is NOT an important feature in distinguishing animals from each other?
method of locomotion (movement)
Trichinella worms sometimes cause the disease known as trichinosis in humans when undercooked pork is eaten. These organisms have long cylindrical bodies but no segmentation. This species is MOST similar to which of the following animals?
nematodes
Which type of adaptation is most likely to occur over evolutionary time?
one that causes the individuals in a population to more efficiently reproduce in the environment in which they live
In cnidarians, cnidocytes are primarily used for:
prey capture and defense.
The molluscan mantle is used primarily for:
producing the shell
Each group of animals below are paired with a type of body symmetry. Which of these pairings is incorrect?
roundworm; radial symmetry
Each group of animals below is paired with a type of body symmetry. Which of these pairings is incorrect?
roundworm; radial symmetry
Which one of the common names is matched correctly with its phyla?
roundworms: Nematoda
Which of these animals is a tetrapod that does NOT produce amniotic eggs?
salamander
Which of the following is an animal with rigid bones, jaws, and a swim bladder?
salmon
Which of the following is an example of an echinoderm?
sand dollar
All groups of animals have nervous systems EXCEPT:
sponges
Which of the following is NOT one of the major evolutionary adaptations that occurred as animals moved from water to land?
swim bladder
The most ancient branching point in the phylogeny of animals is the one that distinguishes between having:
true tissues or no tissues.
