Exam 4 chapter 14

The negative effect of globalization can be seen in which of the following?

Multinationals exploit the resources of developing countries for short-term profit. Polluting companies relocate to countries with less stringent environmental standards.

_____ investigates the role social factors play in the development and distribution of disease through the population.

Social epidemiology

Which of the following statements about air pollution is true?

Urban air pollution is caused primarily by emissions from automobiles.

Polluted bodies of water ______.

affect entire natural ecosystems

Preindustrial societies are primarily

agricultural, and their survival depends on food production.

In the United States, what health issues affect older people more than they affect other groups?

arthritis impaired vision

In An Essay on the Principle of Population, Thomas Malthus said that population numbers are ultimately determined by

battles over a limited amount of resources.

What is the primary means by which a population replaces its members from one generation to the next?

births

Lawful permanent residents of the United States

can legally work and attend public schools.

Which of the following are positive activities some patients engage in for health care purposes?

consulting websites for preventive health information monitoring the side effects of medication attempting to maintain a nutritious die

According to Malthus, the inevitable result of population explosion was

crisis and death.

The statistical study of population dynamics is known as

demography.

Which of the following takes place during the early industrial stage of demographic transition?

developments in agricultural technology

The morbidity rate refers to the incidence of ______ in a given population.

disease

The process of leaving a particular population group is called

emigration

In holistic medicine, the health care practitioner considers not only physical characteristics but also which of the following characteristics?

emotional spiritual mental

When people from industrialized countries insist that those in developing countries change their practices to save the planet, the people from industrialized countries are not considering all perspectives in the matter and practicing

ethnocentrism.

The most defining characteristic of global population dynamics over the past 100 years is

explosive growth.

The number of children born in a given period of time is a measure of

fertility.

In the past century, the Earth has experienced global climate change in the form of

global warming.

The overall percentage change in a population per year is known as a population's

growth rate.

In the United States, people with better health and access to health care tend to have

higher incomes. more education.

Many countries that experience brain drain tend to have

higher infant mortality rates.

Compared to white populations in the United States, African Americans and other minority groups have ______.

higher morbidity and mortality rates

Perhaps the most noteworthy medical example of labeling is

homosexuality.

With regard to health care in poorer countries, the term brain drain refers to ______.

immigration to industrialized nations by doctors and other skilled personnel needed at home

In 2011, the number of new AIDS cases was 49,000 in the United States and 2.5 million around the world. These statistics for new cases illustrate what epidemiologists call the ______ of AIDS.

incidence

The number of new cases of a specific disorder occurring within a particular population during a specified time period (usually a year) is known as

incidence.

The number of deaths among infants less than one year old per 1,000 births is known as a society's

infant mortality rate.

The inferior medical care that members of minority groups often receive is evidence that ______ still exists in the medical establishment.

institutional discrimination

Human ecology is concerned with the

interrelationship between people and their environment.

Which of the following contribute to the link between social class and health?

levels of stress living conditions

The projected number of years a person can expect to live based on his or her year of birth is called

life expectancy.

Converting new areas of social life into treatable medical conditions is known as

medicalization

The World Health Organization's definition of health emphasizes completeness in which three key areas?

mental well-being social well-being physical well-being

The incidence of death in a given population is the society's ______ rate.

mortality

The positive effect of globalization can be seen in which of the following areas?

multinational corporations' incentive to consider the cost of natural resources

One could speculate that people leave their old countries to immigrate to new ones because the

new countries offer more opportunities

Who regulated the medical industry in the United States before 1848?

no institution or organization

What does Medicaid provide?

no-cost health insurance for the poor

The crude death rate is a measure of the

number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population in a given year.

The crude birthrate measures the

number of live births per 1,000 people in the population in a given year.

People who violate social norms and are labeled as sick are experiencing a form of

oppression.

Social attitudes about illness and its place in society can be especially problematic for

people with chronic health problems

Social attitudes about illness and its place in society can be especially problematic for ______.

people with chronic health problems

When we convert more areas of life into medical conditions, we are

placing more power in the hands of professionals.

In 2011, around 34 million people around the world had AIDS. These statistics for the total number of AIDS cases illustrate what epidemiologists call the ______ of AIDS.

prevalence

The total number of cases of a specific disorder existing at a given time is known as

prevalence

Factors that encourage people to immigrate to places and emigrate from places are known as

pull and push factors.

In 2016, Republicans running for Congress, as well as presidential candidate Donald Trump, pledged to

repeal and replace the ACA.

Patient noncompliance with doctors (for instance, by not using prescription medicines as directed) results in part from the prevalence of ______ in our society.

self-medication

Proponents of the demographic transition model argue that a natural decline in fertility rates will occur owing to what factors?

technological changes economic changes social changes

Populations with high life expectancies

tend to grow.

Social epidemiologists would be interesting in studying

the educational and income levels of people with AIDS.

The world's global population increases each year because

the overall birthrate exceeds the overall death rate.

What aspect of the ACA was eliminated effective January 1, 2019?

the requirement that people pay a penalty for being uninsured

Proponents of the demographic transition theory argue that changes in measures like birthrate and death rate relate to

the type of economy a society practices.

In the early industrial society stage of demographic transition,

there is a population explosion.

A major influence on the health of Hispanics is the fact that

they are more likely to wait to seek medical treatment.

The U.S. government first gave substantial federal aid to health care while recognizing medicine as a social institution in the ______ century.

twentieth

Throughout much of human history, global population levels

were relatively stable.

Some say the medical establishment is sexist against women because

women have often been excluded from research studies

Some have argued that the demographic transition model needs to have two additional stages. What are they?

A fertility rebound occurs. Fertility rates would fall below replacement levels

From 1950-2015, the country that saw the greatest number of net departures was

Bangladesh

Women's greater longevity compared with men's results from their lower rates for all of the following except

Doctor visits

Which of the following are possible explanations for the fact that a large portion of the people who live near hazardous waste sites are minorities?

Economics and discrimination force them into living in less desirable areas. They have less power to prevent the placement of such sites where they live.

True or false: Research shows that simply by having health insurance, minorities can improve the level of medical care they receive.

False

Which of the following is not a true statement?

Internet research on health by patients has done little to change the relationship between patients and their doctors.

Which of the following statements about holistic medicine is true?

It has become more widely accepted and studied.

What marks the beginning of postindustrial society?

Population size is once again stable.

What was one effect of the implementation of the Affordable Care Act in 2014?

The rate of uninsured people dropped.

Which of the following statements regarding children in the late industrial society is true?

They become consumers whose needs must be met.