Exam 4 - Chapter 21

You would tell clients who are prescribed the DASH Eating Plan to: a. choose fruit and unsalted pretzels as snacks. b. flavor foods with barbecue or soy sauce. c. avoid nuts and seeds. d. reduce the amount of fiber consumed.

a. choose fruit and unsalted pretzels as snacks.

Clinical trials have shown that a daily intake of _____ grams of fish oil supplements (EPA and DHA combined) taken under the supervision of a physician can lower triglyceride levels. a. 1 to 2 b. 2 to 4 c. 4 to 6 d. 5 to 10

b. 2 to 4

The TLC diet advocates a cholesterol intake of less than _____ milligrams per day. a. 100 b. 200 c. 300 d. 400

b. 200

The TLC diet to reduce elevated LDL cholesterol includes a total fat intake of _____ of daily kcalories. a. 20-25% b. 25-35% c. 35-40% d. 10-15%

b. 25-35%

A patient is advised to follow the TLC diet to lower LDL cholesterol. If the patient's daily caloric intake is 2000 calories, fat intake should be restricted to _____ grams per day. a. 44-78 b. 56-78 c. 44-67 d. 56-67

b. 56-78

The primary blood cholesterol linked to CHD risk is: a. HDL. b. LDL. c. triglycerides. d. VLDL.

b. LDL

The formation of plaque is: a. unrelated to high blood pressure. b. an inflammatory response. c. an autoimmune disorder. d. limited to smaller blood vessels.

b. an inflammatory response

A person needing to lower his intake of saturated fat should avoid: a. nuts. b. baked goods. c. fish. d. legumes.

b. baked goods

Diseases of the heart and blood vessels are collectively referred to as: a. coronary artery disease. b. cardiovascular disease. c. coronary heart disease. d. ischemic heart disease.

b. cardiovascular disease.

A patient with heart failure complains of a poor appetite and weakness, and the nurse notices that the patient has begun losing weight. The nurse recognizes this as: a. cardiac cachexia. b. anorexia nervosa. c. cardiomyopathy. d. myocardial infarction

a. cardiac cachexia

A common side effect of diuretic medications is: a. dry mouth. b. nausea. c. increased taste perception. d. increased appetite.

a. dry mouth

Based on her 24-hour recall, which of the following dietary recommendations is appropriate for Mrs. Winslow if she is to lower her blood lipids with diet alone? a. eat more whole grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables b. Drink less milk and eat less ice cream. c. Choose foods high in insoluble fibers. d. Eat fewer carbohydrates and choose more high-protein foods.

a. eat more whole grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables

Several hours after a MI, the client's diet should consist of: a. foods restricted in sodium. b. increased portion sizes. c. more frequent meals. d. decreased carbohydrates.

a. foods restricted in sodium.

Assuming Mrs. Winslow's 24-hour recall is typical of her eating habits, her high cholesterol is most likely due to a : a. high intake of saturated fat. b. high intake of fiber. c. low intake of polyunsaturated fat. d. low intake of simple sugars.

a. high intake of saturated fat.

Which of the following dietary factors raises triglyceride levels? a. high refined carbohydrate intake b. low soluble fiber intake c. high protein intake d. low fat intake

a. high refined carbohydrate intake

Which of the following statements about atherosclerosis is true? a. it can affect almost any organ in the body b. It results in malabsorption. c. It can interfere with the secretion of digestive enzymes. d. It is rare in women.

a. it can affect almost any organ in the body

What has been shown to increase the effectiveness of the DASH diet? a. low sodium intake b. high protein intake c. supplements of the water-soluble vitamins d. low potassium intake

a. low sodium intake

Niacin taken in large doses: a. lowers blood triglycerides and raised HDL b. lowers HDL and increases LDL. c. lowers blood triglycerides and lowers HDL. d. has no effect on blood lipid levels

a. lowers blood triglycerides and raised HDL

Plant stanols and sterols help to lower LDL and are often added to food products such as: a. margarine. b. bread. c. milk. d. cereal

a. margarine

Carmen discovers that the DASH diet contains more fiber and _____ than the typical American diet. a. potassium b. magnesium c. calcium d.all of the above e. a and c only

a. potassium

Mrs. Smith is a 59-year-old African- American female who is 5' 2" tall and weighs 180 pounds. She is a smoker who engages in no physical activity, and her diet history shows a high intake of saturated fat and sodium as well as excess kcalories. Her lipid profile shows elevated LDL and decreased levels of HDL. In order to raise her HDL levels, the nurse recommends that Mrs. Smith: a. quit smoking. b. eat less saturated fat. c. consume less sodium. d. take fish oils.

a. quit smoking

The nurse is counseling a patient who recently had a heart attack. Which of the following dietary recommendations would be most appropriate? a. replace processed meats with fatty fish b. consume more whole grains c. consume fewer fruits and vegetables d. use salt substitutes

a. replace processed meats with fatty fish

A patient's lab work shows severe hypertriglyceridemia. The nurse understands that the patient's fat intake should be limited to _____% of kcalories per day in order to prevent dangerous complications. a. 5 b. 15 c. 20 d. 35

b. 15

Carmen's daily sodium intake should not exceed _____ milligrams, as the DASH Eating Plan is even more effective when accompanied by a low sodium intake. A. 1000 B. 1500 C. 2,828 D.3,400

b. 1500

A patient's lipid profile shows elevated total cholesterol and LDL. The nurse recommends which of the following nutrition interventions? a. eat less fiber b. consume less saturated fat c. consume less polyunsaturated fat d. eat more protein

b. consume less saturated fat

In working with clients with disabilities, a valuable assessment method for health care professionals is: a. interviewing the clients. b. directly observing clients during mealtimes c. conducting nutrition histories. d. talking with the occupational therapist

b. directly observing clients during mealtimes

The risk of atherosclerosis increases with all of the following except: a. smoking. b. exercise. c. aging. d. diabetes.

b. exercise

Mrs. Winslow's physician has asked her to try a three-month trial of TLC before he prescribes medications to lower her blood lipids. An alternate choice for the butter that Mrs. Winslow uses that could help lower her cholesterol is: a. strawberry jam. b. margarine that contains plant sterols or stanols. c. cream cheese. d.margarine made from corn oil

b. margarine that contains plant sterols or stanols.

People with only one arm or hand may benefit from using a _____ when eating. a. utensil holder b. rocker knife c. flexible straw d. two-handed cup

b. rocker knife

The four classic risk factors for CHD are: a. smoking, high LDL, high blood pressure, and diabetes b. age, gender, family history, and diet. c. smoking, high HDL, high blood pressure, and diabetes. d. age, smoking, diet, and diabetes.

b. smoking, high LDL, high blood pressure, and diabetes

In order to follow the DASH Diet, Carmen should limit: a. fatty fish. b. sugar-containing beverages. c. starchy vegetables. d. lactose-containing beverages.

b. sugar-containing beverages.

The nurse is working with a patient who recently had a stroke. The patient frequently chokes and coughs when eating and is having difficulty feeding herself. The nurse understands that the best way to ensure adequate nutrition for the patient may be: a. to have an aid feed her each meal. b. to provide tube feedings for the patient c. to ask a family member to be present at each meal. d. to place the patient on TPN.

b. to provide tube feedings for the patient

The nurse recognizes that an effective way to lower LDL cholesterol levels is to: a. use reduced-fat margarine. b. use margarines made with plant sterols c. switch from butter to margarine. d. use butter instead of margarine.

b. use margarines made with plant sterols

Which of the following forms of exercise is not considered aerobic activity? a. cycling b. weight training c. stair-stepping d. cross-country skiing

b. weight training

The patient demonstrates understanding of the DASH diet when he can verbalize: a. "I should drink less milk." b. "I should avoid red meat and alcohol." c. " I should consume more fruits and vegetables." d. "I should restrict my intake of fatty fish."

c. " I should consume more fruits and vegetables."

The nurse is instructing a client on a diet for the treatment of his hypertension. The nurse recognizes that the client understands his diet when he says: a. "I can freely use salt substitutes and low-sodium products." b. "I can eat any foods I want in moderate amounts." c. " i need to increase my intake of fresh fruits, veg., whole grains, and milk and milk products." d. "I don't need to be concerned about the amount of alcohol I drink."

c. " i need to increase my intake of fresh fruits, veg., whole grains, and milk and milk products."

Carmen's understanding of the DASH diet is reflected in each of the following statements except: a. "I need to eat more fruits." b. "I need to eat more vegetables." c. "I need to eat more meats." d. "I need to eat more low-fat dairy products." e. "I need to eat more whole grains."

c. "I need to eat more meats."

The DASH diet for a person who needs 2000 kcal/day includes _____ servings from the fruit group per day. a. <2 b. 2-3 c. 4-5 d. 7-8

c. 4-5

The client asks the nurse about the effects of physical activity on CHD risk. The nurse states that: a. physical activity is not important in a program to reduce CHD risk. b. weight training can dramatically raise HDL if undertaken regularly. c. diet, rather than physical activity, should be the primary focus of reducing CHD risk. d. 40 minutes of moderate exercise on most days can reverse many risk factors for CHD.

d. 40 minutes of moderate exercise on most days can reverse many risk factors for CHD.

The largest contributor of cholesterol in the American diet is: (intake of which food currently contributes to about one-quarter of the cholesterol consumed in the U.S. diet) a. meat b. fish c. milk d. eggs

d. eggs

Which of the following is not a risk factor for hypertension? a. aging b. salt sensitivity c. alcohol abuse d. excessive calcium intake

d. excessive calcium intake

The benefits of eating fish for those who have previously suffered a heart attack include all of the following except: a. reducing blood clotting. b. stabilizing heart rhythm. c. lowering triglyceride levels. d. lowering LDL levels.

d. lowering LDL levels.

Plaque consists of all of the following except: a. fatty deposits. b. smooth muscle cells. c. fibrous connective tissue. d. red blood cells

d. red blood cells

Lifestyle modifications that help in the treatment of hypertension include all of the following except: a. reducing weight, if overweight. b. reducing sodium intake. c. increasing calcium intake. d. restricting fluid intake

d. restricting fluid intake

The DASH diet limits the intake of: a. fiber. b. potassium. c. magnesium. d. saturated fat.

d. saturated fat

Which of the following statements about trans fats is false? a. They raise LDL levels. b. They are found in foods made with partially hydrogenated oils. c. Their intake should be kept as low as possible. d. They raise HDL levels.

d. they raise HDL levels

At a restaurant, Carmen scans the menu for foods that fit the DASH plan. These include: a. fish entrees. b. lean poultry. c. nut butter sandwiches. d. whole-grain side orders. e. all of the above

e. all of the above

In the TLC diet for lowering LDL cholesterol levels, saturated fatty acids are restricted to _____% of daily kcalories. a. 7 b. 10 c. 15 d. 22

a. 7

To reduce her risk of CHD, Mrs. Winslow's LDL should be: a. <100 mg/dL b. <130 mg/dL. c. >140 mg/dL. d. >120 mg/dL.

a. <100 mg/dL

How many diet-related major risk factors for coronary heart disease does Mrs. Winslow have?

C. 4

All of the following have been proven to be protective against CHD except: a. antioxidant nutrient supplements b. eating 2 fish meals per week c. dietary fiber d. moderate consumption of alcohol

a. antioxidant nutrient supplements

Low HDL levels: a. are highly predictive of CHD risk. b. are associated with underweight. c. are not a good predictor of CHD risk. d. are more prevalent in females.

a. are highly predictive of CHD risk.

Compared to the typical American diet, the DASH diet provides: a. more fruits and vegetables. b. less milk and dairy products. c. more grains and fat. d. more meat.

a, more fruits and vegetables

In order to assess a person's risk for CHD, a complete lipoprotein profile should be obtained every five years beginning at age: a. 20. b. 35. c. 45. d. 50.

a. 20

The nurse is working with a client who has been placed on the TLC diet to reduce his elevated LDL cholesterol. This client needs 2800 kcalories to maintain his desirable body weight. Which of the following would meet this client's diet prescription? a. 98-123 grams fat; < 50 grams saturated fat; < 75 milligrams cholesterol b. 62-109 grams fat; < 45 grams saturated fat; < 300 milligrams cholesterol c. 78- 109 grams fat; < 21 grams saturated fat< 200 milligrams cholesterol d. 90-112 grams fat; < 24 grams saturated fat; < 200 milligrams cholesterol

c. 78- 109 grams fat; < 21 grams saturated fat< 200 milligrams cholesterol

Optimal resting blood pressure for adults is _____. a. <105 over <55 mm Hg b. <115 over <60 mm Hg c. <120 over <80 mm Hg d. <140 over <90 mm Hg

c. <120 over <80 mm Hg

Weight loss is associated with all of the following except: a. a decline in blood pressure. b. a decrease in LDL cholesterol. c. an increase in triglycerides. d. a decrease in insulin resistance.

c. an increase in triglycerides.

A patient has begun taking furosemide to manage heart failure. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend that the patient consume frequently? a. legumes b. peanut butter c. bananas d. milk

c. bananas

Severe malnutrition that develops as a consequence of heart failure is called _____. a. CHF b. cardiomegaly c. cardiac cachexia d. tachycardia

c. cardiac cachexia

The nurse feeding a client who has had a stroke observes that the client is having difficulties swallowing the foods on her tray. The nurse recognizes this as: a. angina b. a TIA c. dysphagia d. cardiac cachexia

c. dysphagia

Mrs. Winslow's HDL level is considered: a. desirable. b. borderline risk. c. high risk. d. no risk.

c. high risk

A common nutritional problem among people with disabilities is: a. increased micronutrient needs. b. increased protein needs. c. inadequate food intake. d. increased fluid needs

c. inadequate food intake

Atherosclerosis is dangerous to arterial function because: a. it causes decreased blood pressure on artery walls. b. it increases arterial elasticity. c. it narrows the arterial lumen so a clot can easily block it. d. it changes the heart rate.

c. it narrows the arterial lumen so a clot can easily block it.

Which of the following team members works with the client to evaluate the need for special feeding devices and then teaches the client how to use the device? a. speech-language pathologist b. physical therapist c. occupational therapist d. dietitian

c. occupational therapist

All of the following health professionals become involved in the care of patients with feeding disabilities except the: a. nurse. b. occupational therapist. c. pharmacist. d. dietitian.

c. pharmacist

The diet health authorities recommend for treatment of hypertension is high in: a. sodium, chloride, and potassium. b. calcium, phosphorus, and zinc c. potassium, calcium, and magnesium. d. folate, vitamin b12, and calcium

c. potassium, calcium, and magnesium.

A fiber that may be taken in supplement form to reduce cholesterol levels is: a. oat fiber. b. wheat bran. c. psyllium seed husks. d. fruit skins.

c. psyllium seed husks.

If the TLC diet is adhered to closely, substantial lowering of cholesterol may be seen after: a. two weeks. b. three weeks. c. six weeks. d. twelve weeks.

c. six weeks

A patient who is following a low- sodium diet should avoid: a. canned fruit. b. fresh meat. c. tomato-based products. d. milk.

c. tomato-based products.

People with tremors, spasticity, and uneven or jerky movements may benefit from the use of: a. a rocker knife. b. a cutout plastic cup. c. weighted utensils. d. a battery-powered feeding machine

c. weighted utensils.