Exam biology 1

In humans, energy stored in food is converted into ______ to perform work by the cells.

ATP

Which of the following is a function of the digestive system?

Absorb nutrients.

Which of the following is a function of the large intestine?

Absorption of water

Which of the following monomers is correctly matched with its polymer?

Amino acid—protein

Which of the following vitamins is categorized as water-soluble?

B

There are four classes of organic nutrients. Which of following correctly characterizes the given energy nutrient?

Carbohydrates—provide the body with an immediate source of energy

Which plant structure provides the initial capture of solar energy?

Chloroplasts

From the list below, select the two ingredients that contribute to the effectiveness of an energy blend.

caffeine B vitamin

The principal role for simple sugars in living organisms is to

create cellular energy

Enzymes catalyze a chemical reaction by

decreasing the amount of ATP required to activate a reaction.

The second law of thermodynamics states that

during the transfer of energy, some energy is lost as heat.

Energy drinks do not contain energy. They contain ______ that interact with the body's metabolic pathway.

vitamins

Living organisms require energy for

All of the answer choices are correct.

Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins have high amounts of potential energy. Where is the potential energy found in these energy nutrient classes?

Between the carbon-carbon bonds

All major classes of energy nutrients have potential energy. Because of the structure of the energy nutrient in it, which food source would provide quick access to energy?

Bread

Select all of the following statements that are true concerning living organisms and how they acquire energy.

Cells, the basic unit of life, cannot survive on their own. Instead, all living organisms must obtain and use energy to live. Energy flows through a system by being captured, changing forms, used for work, and lost as heat. The daily food consumption of an organism provides the energy to support all the metabolic process required for the organism to live. Energy is needed to carry out life processes such as growth, repair, reproduction, movement, and defense.

If you added the following vitamins to a glass of water, which one would float to the top and not dissolve?

D

Which of the following is a function of the liver?

Detoxifies blood by filtering poisonous substances

The plasma membrane regulates the transport of materials in and out of the cell. What process would be used to move a noncharged molecule(very small) across the membrane?

Diffusion

The largest number of ATP molecules is produced in which phase of cellular respiration?

Electron transport chain

Which one of the following is a main function of many proteins?

Enzymatic activity

Which process is responsible for moving bulk cellular wastes across the cell membrane?

Exocytosis

Which of the following is a passive mechanism used to move materials into and out of the cell?

Facilitated diffusion

You are examining models that represent organs of the digestive system. You are asked to label all the accessory organs. Which of the following would you label?

Gallbladder Pancreas liver

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?

Glycolysis → preparatory reaction → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain

Which of the following is a likely physiological effect of caffeine ingestion?

Increased metabolic rate

Which of the following best describes proteins?

Proteins can be in the form of enzymes used in cellular reactions.

What property of phospholipids makes them suitable for the formation of the double layer found in membranes?

They have both a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic end.

Which of the following statements about mitochondria and chloroplasts provides support for the endosymbiotic theory?

They have their own genomes.

Organic molecules contain hydrogen and carbon atoms. How many bonds can form with each carbon atom?

four

Cellular respiration is a process that

harvests the potential energy found in the chemical bonds of organic molecules.

Each enzyme has a particular substrate because enzymes

have active sites complementary in shape to their substrates

The source of all energy is provided by

sun

Hydrolysis of sucrose, a disaccharide, results in

two monomers