Exam "Brain Sparks" - RBT Training

Which of the following is an example of a target for selecting an item using an adverb? A. "Choose the one that goes quickly." B. "Choose the large one." C. "Choose the one that makes a noise." D. "Choose the one that you like the best."

A. "Choose the one that goes quickly."

Which of the following is an example of self-monitoring an interaction with a family member? A. Looking at your own body language B. Asking yourself if you are emotional about the discussion C. Looking at the clock D. Listening to the words the other person says

B. Asking yourself if you are emotional about the discussion

Recently, Mario's tantrums seem to last longer. Which data recording procedure might be the best one to use to determine this? A. Duration B. Partial interval C. Whole interval D. Time sampling

A. Duration. The data recording procedure that measures length of a behavior is called duration recording.

Variable interval schedules of reinforcement occur: A. After an unpredictable amount of time has passed B. After a predictable amount of time has passed C. After an unpredictable number of responses have been displayed D. After a predictable number of responses have been displayed

A. After an unpredictable amount of time has passed.

Intervention plans should be: A. Data-based, ethical, and closely monitored B. Data-based, acceptable, and closely monitored C. Frequently monitored, ethical, and based on expert opinion D. Data-based, ethical, and loosely monitored.

A. Data-based, ethical, and closely monitored. Intervention plans should be data-based, ethical, and closely monitored.

Any reinforcer that has the potential to affect the health of the client adversely if used inappropriately or in excess is called a: A. Harmful reinforcer B. An ineffective reinforcer C. A punisher D. An aversive treatment

A. Harmful reinforcer. If a reinforcer is used that could hurt someone if used inappropriately, then it is a harmful reinforcer.

Data are plotted on line graphs according to: A. The number of instances of the behavior across time B. The cumulative number of behaviors across time C. Baseline and intervention averages of behavior D. Intensity of behavior over time

A. The number of instances of the behavior across time. Data are plotted on line graphs according to the number of instances of a behavior across time.

Why is it important to establish target behaviors in a token system? A. To know what behaviors an individual must display to receive a token B. To know how many tokens an individual can receive within a token cycle. C. To know what back-up reinforcers may work best for an individual D. To know what behaviors to discourage an individual from performing

A. To know what behaviors an individual must display to receive a token. It is important to establish target behaviors in a token system so the individual will know what behaviors result in the receipt of tokens.

True or False: Least-restrictive procedures are usually the first choice of intervention. A. True B. False

A. True. Least restrictive procedures are usually the first choice of intervention under most circumstances.

In listener responding interventions, responding to one's name being called is considered to be: A. An early learning skill B. A beginning learning skill C. An intermediate learning skill D. An advanced learning skill

B. A beginning learning skill. Responding to one's name being called is a beginning learning skill.

Which part of a discrete trial makes it more likely the learner will respond again: A. The discriminative stimulus B. The reinforcer C. The punisher D. The intertrial interval

B. The reinforcer. A reinforcer is what makes a learner more likely to respond again.

Why is it important to model optimism when working with a client with disabilities? A. To give families a false sense of hope. B. To allow families to see what their loved one can do. C. It is never appropriate to be optimistic about someone with a disability. D. To show sympathy to families.

B. To allow families to see what their loved one can do. Sometimes families need to have accomplishments pointed out to them by staff in order to be optimistic as well.

When might not obtaining informed consent, possibly violating confidentiality, be justified? A. When the parents of an adult you support are seeking information about the person B. When there is a significant and immediate health and safety risk to the person you support, or to others C. When you are talking to your own family members about your job and the people you support D. When the person you support has done something humorous and other staff would enjoy hearing about it

B. When there is a significant and immediate health and safety risk to the person you support, or to others. If there is a significant and immediate health and safety risk to the person you support or others, then violating confidentiality and not obtaining informed consent may be justified.

Which of the following statements made by an RBT to a parent shows practicing "non-judgement?" A. "You must keep him on this visual schedule and use it consistently." B. "The visual schedule keeps him from getting upset. Where did you put it?" C. "Sometimes it is hard to be consistent with the visual schedule. How do you think we could make this a bit simpler to use?" D. "None of our parents use these schedules. I don't know why we waste the time making them."

C. "Sometimes it is hard to be consistent with the visual schedule. How do you think we could make this a bit simpler to use?" This statement shows empathy for the parent's situation and offers a solution to the issue.

Which of the following is a more current expansion of discrete trial instruction: A. Use of punishment following an incorrect response B. The use of animals in discrete trial intervention C. Errorless learning techniques D. The use of reinforcement as a consequence in a discrete trial

C. Errorless learning techniques. A more current expansion of discrete trial instruction is the use of errorless learning techniques.

Which of the following statements is true about reinforcement? A. It decreases a behavior. B. It decreases a reaction to a stimulus. C. It increases a behavior. D. It increases dependency.

C. It increases a behavior. Reinforcement increases behavior.

Which of the following is considered a naturalistic teaching strategy? A. Precision teaching B. Discrete trial instruction C. Function based assessment D. Incidental teaching

D. Incidental teaching. Incidental teaching is considered a naturalistic teaching strategy.

The process of defining target behaviors using a precise definition is called: A. Targeting the behavior B. Precision definition of the behavior C. Clearly defining the behavior D. Operationally defining the behavior

D. Operationally defining the behavior.

Variable ratio schedules of reinforcement: A. Increase the likelihood the behavior targeted for reinforcement will disappear B. Decrease the likelihood the behavior targeted for reinforcement will be displayed C. Provide high and unpredictable rates of the behavior targeted for reinforcement D. Provide high and steady rates of the behavior targeted for reinforcement

D. Provide high and steady rates of the behavior targeted for reinforcement.

If an RBT puts a picture of herself and the clients she works with on a social media site, she is: A. Devaluing those clients as humans B. Ignoring their basic rights C. Engaging in a multiple relationship D. Violating the client's right to confidentiality

D. Violating the client's right to confidentiality. By posting pictures on social media, she is violating the client's right to privacy.

Which is another term for echoics? A. Global imitation B. Facial imitation C. Partial imitation D. Vocal imitation

D. Vocal imitation.

When you document you should attempt to document only? A. As little as possible so what you write cannot be used against you B. Your analysis of why what you documented happened C. Your impressions of the event you are documenting D. What was observed, not interpretations of what was observed

D. What was observed, not interpretations of what was observed. You want to be unbiased when you document. When you document, you should attempt to only document what was observed, not interpretations of what was observed.

Behavioral function tries to explain: A. How the behavior is happening B. When the behavior is happening C. How long the behavior is happening D. Why the behavior is happening

D. Why the behavior is happening.

Which of the following is an example of an advanced level of following directions? A. Get the large red and blue cup B. Put the ball in the cup C. Roll car D. Clap hands

A. Get the large red and blue cup. "Get the large red and blue cup," is an example of an advanced level of following directions.

Which of the following best explains why discrete trials are effective with those who have learning difficulties? A. Information is broken down into small parts that are taught systematically and reinforced B. Information is chunked into large pieces that are taught systematically and reinforced C. Information is broken down into small parts and are taught in random order D. Information is chunked into large pieces and are taught in random order

A. Information is broken down into small parts that are taught systematically and reinforced.

How does a motivating operation work to increase the effectiveness of mand training? A. It makes it more likely that the individual will want the reinforcer and will mand for it B. It makes it less likely that the individual will want the reinforcer and will mand not to have it C. It has little to no effect on the reinforcer and will not affect the production of the mand D. It makes it more likely the individual will want the reinforcer but will not evoke the mand

A. It makes it more likely that the individual will want the reinforcer and will mand for it. A motivating operation makes it more likely that an individual will want the reinforcer and will mand for it.

What is the MAIN idea behind Maslow's hierarchy of needs? A. It shows that some needs must be met before others. B. It lists steps to take to achieve a higher quality of life. C. It shows that basic physical needs determine quality of life. D. It shows that higher-order needs determine quality of life.

A. It shows that some needs must be met before others. Needs at the base of the pyramid must be met before you can meet needs higher up on the pyramid.

Fixed ratio schedules: A. Produce high and steady rates of behavior B. Produce low and uneven rates of behavior C. Produce high rates of uneven behavior D. Produce low and steady rates of behavior

A. Produce high and steady rates of behavior.

Response cost used in a token system involves: A. Taking a token away for the display of undesirable behavior B. Denying the opportunity to receive a token during the display of undesirable behavior C. Delivering a token in the hope that it will make the undesirable behavior go away D. Taking away a back-up reinforcer for the display of undesirable behavior

A. Taking a token away for the display of undesirable behavior. Response cost is taking a token away for the display of undesirable behavior.

Forward chaining involves: A. Teaching the beginning steps and reinforcing each subsequent step B. Teaching the ending steps and reinforcing earlier steps in the chain C. Teaching the beginning steps and observing each subsequent step D. Teaching the ending steps and observing earlier steps in the chain

A. Teaching the beginning steps and reinforcing each subsequent step.

Teaching targets on the written skill acquisition plan: A. Tell the behavior technician what to present. B. Tell the behavior technician how to deliver the SD. C. Offer options as what to present to learners. D. Provide the long term vision for what the learner will master.

A. Tell the behavior technician what to present. Targets are the items that the technician presents in a trial.

Antecedent Interventions are strategies that focus on structuring and modifying the environment and conditions so that: A. The crisis behavior is less likely to occur while the environment is modified. B. The challenging behaviors are easily observable by supervisors. C. The teaching environment is designed with age appropriate teaching materials. D. The staff members are comfortable to move about with individuals who have mobility issues.

A. The crisis behavior is less likely to occur while the environment is modified. Antecedent interventions help to create situations that prevent crisis behaviors.

What is the overall intent for delivering a discriminative stimulus? A. To get an individual to engage in a particular behavior B. To get an individual to engage in goal-directed behavior C. To get an individual to understand generalized directions D. To get an individual to engage in appropriate social behavior

A. To get an individual to engage in a particular behavior

You provide support for Roberto, a man with a mild intellectual disability. While talking to him one day, he casually mentions that sometimes his sister (his fiduciary guardian) uses his SSI check to pay her rent. What is the most appropriate course of action to take? A. Call 911. B. Contact your agency's designated investigator. C. File an incident report. D. Call Roberto's sister to ask if the allegations are true.

B. Contact your agency's designated investigator. The most appropriate course of action to take is to contact your agency's designated investigator and report everything Roberto told you.

To achieve momentum during a discrete trial session, you must: A. Deliver the discriminative stimuli (SD) slowly B. Deliver discriminative stimuli (SD) quickly C. Provide a lot of time between trials D. Wait to reinforce at the end of the session

B. Deliver discriminative stimuli (SD) quickly. To achieve momentum during a discrete trial, the discriminative stimuli must be delivered quickly.

Transfer trials are used when: A. The learner is beginning verbal behavior training B. Echoic prompts need to be faded C. When the learner can say the word with no prompts at all D. When diction and inflection are being taught

B. Echoic prompts need to be faded. Transfer trials are used when echoic prompts need to be faded.

Which of the following is true about token economies used in school-wide systems? A. Most individual students will not respond to them B. Expectations must be identified and taught C. School staff will be reluctant to reinforce students D. There are not enough opportunities to use tokens in schools

B. Expectations must be identified and taught. Expectations must be taught and identified in the use of token economies in schools.

Visual inspection is: A. Making a judgement about the effects of an intervention by examining graphed data B. Making a judgement about the effects of an intervention by examining raw data C. Making a judgement about the effects of an intervention before all data are collected D. Making a judgement about the effects of an intervention by watching the individual within the environment

B. Making a judgement about the effects of an intervention by examining raw data. Visual inspection is making a judgement about the effects of an intervention by examining graphed data.

The components of the 4-term contingency include: A. Discriminative stimulus, the behavior, the reinforcer, the consequence B. Motivating operation, discriminative stimulus, the behavior, the consequence C. Motivating operation, prompts, behavior, the consequence D. Motivating operation, discriminative stimulus, prompts, behavior

B. Motivating operation, discriminative stimulus, the behavior, the consequence. The components of the 4-term contingency are motivating operations, discriminative stimulus, the behavior and the consequence.

Which of the following is an illustration of most-to-least prompting? A. Modeling, full physical, gestural, positional B. Partial physical, modeling, visual, gestural C. Gestural, partial physical, modeling, positional D. Visual, gestural, positional, partial physical

B. Partial physical, modeling, visual, gestural. Partial physical, modeling, visual and gestural are an illustration of most-to-least prompting.

Teaching with multiple instructions helps learners to generalize because: A. They can respond to different cues during intervention B. They can respond to different cues found in the natural environment C. They can respond only to specific ways directions are delivered D. They can respond to the same cues during intervention

B. They can respond to different cues found in the natural environment. Teaching with multiple instructions helps learners to generalize so they can respond to different cues found in their natural environment.

When behaviors are being maintained, reinforcement schedules move from: A. Thin to thick B. Thick to thin C. Thick to none D. None to thick

B. Thick to thin. When behaviors are being maintained, reinforcement schedules move from thick to thin.

Discrete trial teaching differs from naturalistic teaching strategies in that: A. Discrete trial instruction is child-initiated and naturalistic teaching strategies are adult initiated B. Discrete trial instruction is more effective than naturalistic teaching strategies C. Discrete trial instruction is adult-initiated and naturalistic teaching strategies are child initiated D. Naturalistic teaching strategies are more effective than discrete trial instruction

C. Discrete trial instruction is adult-initiated and naturalistic teaching strategies are child initiated.

What is one thing you can do to maximize accuracy of what you document when assessing a person? A. Discuss your observation with others before writing anything down B. Get as many impressions from others about your observation before documenting C. Document immediately after an observation D. Wait a day or two to get your thoughts together before documenting

C. Document immediately after an observation. To maximize accuracy of what you document when you are assessing a person, you should document immediately after an observation.

Which of the following is true regarding the role of the RBT in the behavior intervention process? A. RBTs design interventions for individuals B. RBTs plan functional assessment tasks C. RBTs implement behavior intervention plans D. RBTs design and implement behavior interventions

C. RBTs implement behavior intervention plans.

Which of the following is a behavior? A. Being in compliance B. Having a good attitude C. Running a race D. Being inappropriate

C. Running a race

Which of the following is a discriminative stimulus (SD)? A. Receiving a sticker for completing a task B. Receiving something to eat after saying "I'm hungry" C. Saying "Match blue" and receiving a blue card D. Not following a direction given by an adult

C. Saying "Match blue" and receiving a blue card. "Match blue" is an example of a discriminative stimulus.

Which of the following is an example of a naturally occurring discriminative stimulus at work? A. Seeing a stop sign and ignoring it B. Explaining what a stop sign means C. Seeing a stop sign and stopping D. Drawing a picture of a stop sign

C. Seeing a stop sign and stopping. An example of a naturally occurring discriminative stimulus at work is seeing a stop sign and stopping.

Marcia is teaching Denise how to clean a kitchen. She taught her how to rinse dishes and put them in the dishwasher, how to wipe counters, and how to sweep. The process Marcia used to teach how to clean a kitchen is called: A. Chaining B. Task analysis C. Shaping D. Reinforcing

C. Shaping. The various tasks Denise is learning that will result in the larger task of cleaning the kitchen is called shaping.

Which of the following can be said about the uniqueness of people with autism? A. People with autism all have complex developmental needs. B. People with autism are more alike than different in terms of skills. C. While they may share some characteristics, people with autism are different from each other. D. The characteristics of those with autism make them more similar than not.

C. While they may share some characteristics, people with autism are different from each other. People with autism share some characteristics but are very different from one another.

When you document, you will want to consider how the information may be used. What else will you want to consider? A. How much time you are spending on it B. Whether there is anything offensive in the content C. Who will be reading or using it D. When action will be taken on it

C. Who will be reading or using it. When you document, you will want to consider how the information may be used, as well as who will be reading or using it.

Replacement behaviors are: A. Behaviors that can be altered easily B. Unacceptable behavior that needs to be replaced C. Behaviors that are unnecessary and that should be altered D. Acceptable behaviors to teach in place of undesirable behaviors

D. Acceptable behaviors to teach in place of undesirable behaviors.

Which of the following dimensions of ABA refers to the social importance of problems? A. Analytic B. Conceptual C. Technological D. Applied

D. Applied

What does the term "least intrusive" mean as it relates to behavior change plans? A. Ineffective behavior change plans B. Uncomplicated behavior change plans C. Behavior change plans that require a great deal of preparation D. Behavior change plans that place the least amount of risk or discomfort

D. Behavior change plans that place the least amount of risk or discomfort. Least intrusive behavior change plans place the least amount of risk and discomfort to an individual.

Which of the following is the best behavioral definition? A. Making poor choices B. Is angry C. Acting out D. Bites self

D. Bites self. Bites self can be observed and measured so it is the best behavioral definition.

Which core domain includes a person's feelings about themselves and their worth? A. Self-determination B. Relationships C. Material well-being D. Emotional well-being

D. Emotional well-being.

It is important to have a variety of back-up reinforcers on a reinforcer menu or to change them up on a regular basis because: A. Variety is a basic human need and individuals will not respond at all if there are not enough choices B. Not having a choice will send the message that working for tokens is not something that will pay off C. Choices on the reinforcer menu are often the only positives many individuals receive on a regular basis D. Only having the choice among the same items may cause individuals to become bored and stop earning tokens

D. Only having the choice among the same items may cause individuals to become bored and stop earning tokens. It is important to have a variety of back-up reinforcers because individuals could become bored with them and stop engaging in behaviors that earn them tokens.

Which of the following should you do in order to prepare for a session? A. Gather materials and reinforcers and chat with colleagues about the individual B. Read the skill acquisition plan and previous data and check your schedule C. Gather materials and reinforcers and discuss what you should do with your supervisor D. Read the skill acquisition plan and previous data, and gather materials and reinforcers

D. Read the skill acquisition plan and previous data, and gather materials and reinforcers. You should read the skill acquisition plan and previous data, and gather materials and reinforcers in order to prepare for a session.

Which of the following is an example of an intraverbal? A. Saying "snack time" when hungry B. Saying "it's a balloon" when seeing a balloon C. Saying "horse" when seeing a horse D. Saying "I like chocolate. What do you like?"

D. Saying "I like chocolate. What do you like?". Saying "I like chocolate. What do you like?" is an example of an intraverbal.

Which of the following is an advantage of using a token economy? A. They ensure that individuals who receive tokens will consistently respond favorably to the system. B. They offer individuals an opportunity to regulate their own behavior to receive tokens and back-up reinforcers. C. They offer a simple way to incorporate punishment for undesirable behavior into a reinforcement system. D. They are resistant to satiation and individuals becoming bored because of the variety of back-up reinforcers that can be used.

D. They are resistant to satiation and individuals becoming bored because of the variety of back-up reinforcers that can be used. An advantage of token economies is that it prevent individuals from becoming bored and satiated on reinforcers.

True or False: How a person values each core domain tends to stay the same over their lifetime. A. True B. False

B. False. Core domains can change as a person ages and changes.

In discrete trial instruction, a short instruction delivered to a learner is called: A. A discriminative stimulus (SD) B. A consequence C. A reinforcer D. Feedback

A. A discriminative stimulus (SD). The instruction that tells a learner how to respond is a discriminative stimulus.

Which of the following items would be the best choice for using during a naturalistic teaching session with a young child? A. A toy car with a racetrack B. A video the child likes C. A piece of yarn the child likes to twist D. Crayons and a piece of paper

A. A toy car with a racetrack. A toy car with a racetrack would be the best choice to use during a naturalistic teaching session with a young child.

Which of the following is a red flag for a boundary crossing? A. Accepting the use of a clients family's beach house for the weekend. B. Talking about the weather for a few minutes with a clients grandparent. C. Spending a couple of minutes after a session asking about how to prepare the client for an upcoming vacation. D. Bringing in the family's newspaper that was on the front lawn when you arrive at their home.

A. Accepting the use of a clients family's beach house for the weekend. Accepting a gift such as this would cross a boundary.

Which of the following is an example of punishment? A. After a student got scolded in the hallway for making noises in class, he quit making noises in class. B. After a student got scolded in the hallway for making noises in class, he made more noises in class. C. A student received a bad grade on his math assignment. D. A student got out of doing classwork due to his disruptive behavior.

A. After a student got scolded in the hallway for making noises in class, he quit making noises in class. The student's reduction in making noises in class after getting scolded is an example of punishment.

Which of the following is an example of overzealous intrusive intervention? A. An RBT running over to a client who is slapping himself and screaming for help while they are trying to hold the person's hands B. An RBT waiting for a client to stop screaming before they give a prompt to complete a task C. An RBT showing a visual schedule to a client to let her know what will happen next D. An RBT giving a sticker to a young client who just finished a block imitation task.

A. An RBT running over to a client who is slapping himself and screaming for help while they are trying to hold the person's hands. This is very intrusive and probably not effective in reducing the problem.

Stimulus control occurs when: A. An individual behaves one way in the presence of a stimulus and differently in the presence of another B. An individual behaves the same way in the presence of 2 or more stimuli C. An individual has control over the stimuli they choose to respond to D. An individual behaves differently in the presence of the same stimulus resulting in different motivations for the behavior

A. An individual behaves one way in the presence of a stimulus and differently in the presence of another.

Initiating joint attention is when: A. An individual initiates a bid for attention B. A person responds to a bid for attention C. No response is given to a bid for attention D. No opportunity for joint attention is available

A. An individual initiates a bid for attention. Initiating joint attention is when an individual initiates a bid for attention.

Which part of the 3-term contingency addresses factors that occur before the display of behavior? A. Antecedents B. Responses C. Consequences D. Reinforcement

A. Antecedents. Antecedents are the part of the 3-term contingency that addresses factors that occur before the display of the behavior.

When an RBT does not know how to perform an intervention or strategy, which of the following is the best course of action? A. Ask for training and supervision on the skill B. Try to figure out how to perform the skill on their own C. Perform an internet search on hot to perform the skill D. Ask another RBT how to perform the skill

A. Ask for training and supervision on the skill. The BACB says that when an RBT does not know how to perform a skill, they must ask for training and supervision.

Why is it so important to always consider human rights and potential for risk of harm when establishing behavior change programs? A. Because people who need these programs are often vulnerable and can become victims of mistreatment B. Guardians and parents make it necessary C. There are always human rights organizations policing and protecting vulnerable people. D. They cannot always communicate their needs effectively.

A. Because people who need these programs are often vulnerable and can become victims of mistreatment. Vulnerable people cannot always advocate for themselves effectively and can easily fall prey to unscrupulous practices.

The "behavioral" dimension of ABA refers to: A. Being able to observe and measure behavior B. Interventions being based on a theory C. Effectiveness of interventions D. Being able to produce similar results in different environments

A. Being able to observe and measure behavior

Which of the following is an example of teaching an intraverbal target in the natural environment? A. Being on a playground and asking "Where do you build sand castles?" B. Showing pictures of playground equipment and asking "Which one do you build sandcastles with?" C. Being in a classroom and asking "Where do you build sandcastles?" D. Being in a grocery store and asking "Where do you build sandcastles?"

A. Being on a playground and asking "Where do you build sand castles?". An example of teaching an intraverbal target in the natural envrionment is being on a playground and asking "Where do you build sandcastles?"

Which of the following makes reinforcement more effective? A. Deprivation state, immediacy, adequate size, and contingency B. Prompting, immediacy, adequate size, and contingency C. Deprivation state, latency, adequate size, and contingency D. Deprivation state, immediacy, adequate size, and opportunity

A. Deprivation state, immediacy, adequate size, and contingency. Deprivation state, immediacy, adequate size, and contingency make reinforcement more effective.

Which of these statements is one of the two main ideas behind the quality of life approach to services? A. Every person has the right to a life of quality. B. Disability lowers a person's quality of life. C. People with disabilities have different quality of life needs than people without disabilities. D. Quality of life is simple for people with disabilities.

A. Every person has the right to a life of quality. The other main idea is that quality of life has many factors.

Discrete trials should be delivered rather quickly in order to: A. Keep the momentum going B. Trick the learner into doing what is asked C. Make sure the learner is not reinforced too often D. Get through the program and end the session early

A. Keep the momentum going. Discrete trials should be delivered quickly in order to keep the momentum going.

Which two global factors set the stage for problem behavior in those with autism? A. Lack of social skills and the expectations of the social world B. Strange behavior and too much prompting C. Restricted interests and a desire to be alone D. Prompt dependency and repetitive behavior

A. Lack of social skills and the expectations of the social world. Two global factors that set the stage for problem behavior in those with autism are a lack of social skills and the expectations of the social world.

Which of the following is an example of a continuous schedule of reinforcement (CRF)? A. Mike gets a point each time he raises his hand. B. Mike gets a point after every 3rd time he raises his hand. C. Mike gets 2 points after he has raised his hand during a class period. D. Mike gets a point after each class period he does not have a problem behavior.

A. Mike gets a point each time he raises his hand. Getting a point after each time his hand is raised is an example of CRF.

Which of the following is an activity that would be appropriate during an RBT supervision session? A. Modeling and coaching new ABA techniques B. Discussing events that are happening in the community C. Discussing personal issues with other staff members D. Discussing work schedules and employee benefits

A. Modeling and coaching new ABA techniques. An activitiy that occurs during RBT supervision is modeling and coaching new ABA techniques.

Behavioral shaping involves: A. Reinforcing successive approximations of a larger behavior B. Reinforcing successive approximations of a smaller behavior C. Reinforcing only the terminal behavior in a chain D. Reinforcing multiple steps of a behavior at one time

A. Reinforcing successive approximations of a larger behavior. Behavioral shaping involves reinforcing successive approximations of a larger behavior.

A good rule for using token systems for younger children is: A. The fewer target behaviors to reinforce at a time, the better B. The more target behaviors to reinforce at a time, the better C. The more tokens they earn at a time, the better D. Reminding them of what they can do to earn tokens is never advised

A. The fewer target behaviors to reinforce at a time, the better. The fewer the target behaviors, the better for token systems used with young children is a good rule.

Stimulus discrimination training helps: A. The learner to discern what is correct in the presence of an incorrect stimulus B. The learner to discern what is incorrect in the presence of a correct stimulus C. The learner to determine how to go about responding to cues D. The learner to engage in multiple behaviors at once

A. The learner to discern what is correct in the presence of an incorrect stimulus. Stimulus discrimination training helps the learner to discern what is correct in the presence of an incorrect stimulus.

Which of the following is the best way to determine how to follow the child's lead during a naturalistic teaching session? A. Watch the child and look for an opportunity to intervene. B. Conduct a reinforcer assessment and provide those reinforcers. C. Collect data on the number of behaviors you see the child do. D. Start the session and not allow the child to lead.

A. Watch the child and look for an opportunity to intervene. The best way to determine how to follow the child's lead during a naturalistic teaching session is to watch the child and look for an opportunity to intervene.

Mohinder has Down's syndrome and lives in a group home. Tom, who works at the group home, asks Mohinder to loan him money for lunch, which he then pays back after his next paycheck. Is this abuse, and if so, why? A. Yes, it is considered financial abuse because Tom is making personal use of Mohinder's resources. B. Yes, it is considered physical abuse because Tom is taking something from Mohinder. C. No, it is alright because Tom is paying Mohinder back later. D. No, it is alright because Mohinder is an adult and can decide what he does with his money.

A. Yes, it is considered financial abuse because Tom is making personal use of Mohinder's resources. Tom is making personal use of Mohinder's resources, which can be considered financial abuse. This is considered abuse even if Tom intends to pay Mohinder back.

Intermediate learners should respond to: A. Simple verbs with models B. 50 simple noun/verb combinations C. Directions using adjectives and adverbs D. Written multi-step directions

B. 50 simple noun/verb combinations. Intermediate learners should be able to respond to 50 simple noun/verb combinations.

Which of the following is an example of an exploitive relationships? A. A grateful mother baking a cake for her child's ABA team B. A BCBA agreeing to take a child on his caseload if the parent of the child receiving services will agree to give a discount on power tools at his hardware store C. Two co-workers flirting with each other D. An RBT thanking her mentor for being supportive

B. A BCBA agreeing to take a child on his caseload if the parent of the child receiving services will agree to give a discount on power tools at his hardware store. If a BCBA offers services in exchange for goods or special favors, the relationship can be considered exploitive.

Responding joint attention is when: A. An individual initiates a bid for attention B. A person responds to a bid for attention C. No response is given to a bid for attention D. No opportunity for joint attention is available

B. A person responds to a bid for attention.

How does the social model of disability view impairment? A. An impairment is the same as a disability. B. A person's environment can turn an impairment into a disability. C. Impairment exists only when people with disabilities do not have the right supports. D. An impairment requires treatment and management.

B. A person's environment can turn an impairment into a disability. In the social model, disability exists only when people with impairments do not have the right supports. A person whose environment is designed for their needs may experience little or no disability, even if they have an impairment.

What are two things you need to maintain if you assist a person with banking and bill paying? A. An adequate bank balance and a budget B. A transaction record and a reconciliation of the transactions C. Your documentation as payee for the person you support and the bankbook D. Legal guardianship of the person and power of attorney

B. A transaction record and a reconciliation of the transactions.

Asking a learner to select items using a preposition is an: A. Early skill B. Advanced skill C. Intermediate skill D. Autonomous skill

B. Advanced skill. (A preposition is a word governing, and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause, as in "the man on the platform," "she arrived after dinner," "what did you do it for ?").

Which of the following could be considered a "multiple relationship" according to the RBT Ethics Code? A. A supervisor and RBT who have worked many years B. An RBT and parent of a client who have a romantic relationship C. An RBT who goes to the same church as a client's family D. An RBT who lives in a small town and sees clients in grocery stores

B. An RBT and parent of a client who have a romantic relationship. An example of a multiple relationship would be an RBT and the parent of a client who have a romantic relationship.

Which of the following is an example of a harmful reinforcer? A. 10 minutes of video game time after completing homework B. An entire box of cookies after using the toilet independently. C. Going swimming with Dad after you clean up your room D. Getting a hug from your favorite teacher after you help a classmate pick up books spilled out of her desk.

B. An entire box of cookies after using the toilet independently. An entire box of cookies would be harmful.

When is the best time to allow for a break during a discrete trial session? A. When the learner has had some mild behavior issues or is not paying attention at all B. Before or when the learner shows signs of tiring but is not yet resisting requests to respond to discriminative stimuli (SD) C. When the learner appears to be tired and is exhibiting noncompliant behaviors D. After 20 minutes or when your supervisor tells you to

B. Before or when the learner shows signs of tiring but is not yet resisting requests to respond to discriminative stimuli (SD). The best time to allow for a break during a discrete trial session is before or when a learner shows signs of tiring but is not yet resisting requests.

True or False: Direct support professionals can be a natural support to the people they serve. A. True B. False

B. False. Natural supports are relationships and social networks including family members, friends, coworkers, and other community members. DSPs, who are paid to provide a service, are not natural supports.

True or False: Turn-taking games do not encourage joint attention. A. True B. False

B. False. Turn taking games DO encourage joint attention.

What does a crisis plan describe? A. Which emergency responders to call during a crisis. B. How to prevent and respond to the crisis behaviors. C. Relaxation techniques for crises, such as deep breathing. D. Emergency preparedness details for your employment.

B. How to prevent and respond to the crisis behaviors. A crisis plan describes how to prevent and respond to crisis behaviors.

When is it acceptable to videotape a client receiving an intervention? A. If the client says they want to be on camera B. If the client and family provide informed consent, which means they know why the videotaping is occurring. C. It is acceptable always because there is a consent to treat document on file. D. It is never acceptable to videotape a client.

B. If the client and family provide informed consent, which means they know why the videotaping is occurring. The family and client know the purpose of the taping and understand the implications.

Which of the following imitation skills is the most difficult for a person with autism? A. Gross motor actions B. Imitating facial expressions C. Fine motor actions D. Actions with objects

B. Imitating facial expressions. The most difficult imitation skill for a person with autism is imitating facial expressions.

Which of the following is a risk factor for abuse and neglect that is common for people with IDD? A. People with IDD have more education on appropriate and inappropriate physical and sexual behavior. B. Increased dependency on others for long-term care. C. Having a safety plan for integration into the community. D. Perpetrators don't see people with disabilities as desirable or vulnerable.

B. Increased dependency on others for long-term care.

Which of the following is true about chaining? A. It involves making large steps toward a goal B. It involves a step-wise progression of similar skills C. It involves moving the steps in the chain backward in all cases D. It involves waiting to see if the person can complete the steps independently

B. It involves a step-wise progression of similar skills. Chaining involves a step-wise progression of similar skills.

In treating self-injury, which of the following is the number one priority? A. Enhancing communication skills B. Keeping the person safe from harm C. Teaching social skills D. Reducing prompt dependency

B. Keeping the person safe from harm. In treating self-injury, the number one priority is keeping the person safe from harm.

Which of the following naturalistic techniques places a heavy emphasis on self-management and the development of behaviors associated with empathy? A. Incidental Teaching B. Pivotal Response Treatment C. Script fading D. Natural environment teaching

B. Pivotal Response Treatment. Pivotal response treatment places a heavy emphasis on self-management and the development of behaviors associated with empathy.

Which of the following should you do if you are using errorless learning to deliver a trial? A. Provide the least intrusive prompt possible and wait for a response. B. Provide the most intrusive prompt necessary for correct responding. C. Use a time delay prompt and wait to see if the learner will respond. D. Use no prompting and re-present the trial if the learner responds incorrectly.

B. Provide the most intrusive prompt necessary for correct responding. You should provide the most intrusive prompt necessary and then back off on the prompting depending on how the learner responds.

Differential Reinforcement is a procedure combining what two procedures? A. Punishment and reinforcement B. Reinforcement and extinction C. Punishment and extinction D. Functional Communication Training and punishment

B. Reinforcement and extinction. Differential reinforcement combines extinction for behaviors to be reduced and reinforcement for behaviors that it would be appropriate for increase.

Which of the following is an example of discretionary effort as defined by Daniels (2000)? A. Cindy follows all of her supervisor's instructions and is never late to work. B. Susanna cleans the work area and organizes materials without being asked. C. Marco finds what his colleagues are doing incorrectly and trains them on the correct procedure. D. Lynn reads informational articles about ABA when she is at home.

B. Susanna cleans the work area and organizes materials without being asked. Cleaning the work area and organizing materials without being asked is an example of discretionary effort.

When larger skills are broken down into teachable steps, this is called: A. Reinforcement B. Task analysis C. Successive approximations D. Shaping

B. Task analysis. Task analysis is breaking larger skills into smaller more teachable steps.

Replacement behaviors are taught so: A. The individual can have options for how to behave B. The individual has a more desirable option for the behavior of concern C. The individual can eliminate all undesirable behavior D. The individual will comply with all task demands and requests

B. The individual has a more desirable option for the behavior of concern. Replacement behaviors are taught so the individual has a more desirable option for the behavior of concern.

In discrete trial instruction, least to most prompting sequences are most commonly used when: A. The learner is just beginning to learn the skill B. The learner can respond correctly to the discriminative stimulus around 85% of the time C. The learner can respond correctly to the discriminative stimulus around 90% of the time D. The learner does not respond well to more intrusive prompts

B. The learner can respond correctly to the discriminative stimulus around 85% of the time. In discrete trial instruction, least to most prompting sequences are most commonly used when the learner is responding correctly at a rate of approximately 85% least to most prompting sequences can be advised.

Joint attention is: A. Independently focusing on 2 related objects or events B. The shared focus of at least 2 individuals on an object or activity C. Two or more individuals independently engaged in an activity D. Two or more individuals who have the ability to attend to a stimulus

B. The shared focus of at least 2 individuals on an object or activity.

Why are prevention strategies a valuable part of behavior intervention plans? A. They help to suppress inappropriate behavior B. They decrease the likelihood that an undesirable behavior will get reinforced C. They cut the individual off from the possibility of engaging the behavior D. They offer an opportunity to reinforce all other behaviors

B. They decrease the likelihood that an undesirable behavior will get reinforced.

Which would be the next step in a shaping program to increase time on task from 3 minutes? A. 1 minute B. 3 minutes C. 4 minutes D. 8 minutes

C. 4 minutes. The next step in a shaping program to increase time on task from 3 minutes is increasing it to 4 minutes.

Which of the following is an example of using a token economy? A. Giving a child a treat when they imitate a motor action within 3 seconds of a cue B. A student makes an A on a test after having studied hours for it C. A child receives point for correct responses to exchange for an activity later on D. A parent says "nice work" when a child cleans their room without being asked to do so

C. A child receives point for correct responses to exchange for an activity later on. A child receiving points for correct responses to exchange for an activity later on is an example of the use of a token economy.

Why is it important to establish a healthy professional relationship with a client's family? A. Because you may need their assistance B. Because some loved ones cannot speak. C. Because you need to be able to communicate important information back and forth. D. It is not important, because you focus only on the client at all times.

C. Because you need to be able to communicate important information back and forth.

What is one thing you can do while you are working to remember details or events you will document later? A. Tell someone else so they can remind you B. Work on memory exercises to build this skill C. Carry a note pad around when working to jot down notes to transcribe later D. Repeat it over three times out loud so you will remember

C. Carry a note pad around when working to jot down notes to transcribe later.

Differential reinforcement of high rates of behavior are used to: A. Increase rates of behavior across settings B. Increase the time from the display of one behavior to the next C. Decrease the time from the display of one behavior to the next D. Reinforce behaviors that typically occur only at high rates

C. Decrease the time from the display of one behavior to the next. Differential reinforcement of high rates of behavior are used to decrease the time from the display of one behavior to the next.

When interacting with and communicating with families, it is important to: A. Offer your opinions as frequently as possible. B. Make sure you write down everything. C. Focus on what the person is saying. D. Judge what the person is saying.

C. Focus on what the person is saying. Listening and understanding what the person says is very important in developing professional relationships.

You need to help Maria, a 15 year old girl learning to put on deodorant independently. Which environment would you choose to teach this skill in order to preserve her dignity? A. A room with other same gender clients. B. In a public restroom. C. In a private bathroom where you can prompt her through each step appropriately. D. Anywhere you can get to her to teach it

C. In a private bathroom where you can prompt her through each step appropriately. This offers an appropriate learning environment while at the same time ensuring that Maria's dignity is not compromised.

All of the following are ways DSPs can help reduce risk factors for abuse and neglect EXCEPT what? A. Help the person you support gain assertiveness skills. B. Learn to recognize the signs of abuse. C. Limit the person's social circle to reduce exposure to perpetrators. D. Model appropriate social behavior.

C. Limit the person's social circle to reduce exposure to perpetrators. Limiting the person's social circle to reduce exposure to perpetrators is NOT a way to reduce risk factors for abuse and neglect. Individuals who are isolated and have small social circles are at a higher risk of abuse and neglect than those with a robust social circle with more trusted individuals who can help support the individual.

The term "receptive language" is similar in meaning to the term: A. Expressive language B. Learner responding C. Listener responding D. Expressive responding

C. Listener responding. The term listener responding is similar in meaning to receptive language.

If an intrusive intervention such as punishment or physical intervention must be used, it is important to: A. Make sure staff have clean background checks. B. Make sure that only the bigger staff members implement them. C. Make sure the client and data are monitored for unintended side effects and the rate of progress. D. Make sure the intervention is used on only the days that the behavior is really bad.

C. Make sure the client and data are monitored for unintended side effects and the rate of progress. The data and the condition of the client will reveal if any unintended side effects

Which of the following behaviors might serve a "gain attention" function? A. Running out of the room B. Staring at a ceiling fan in a room C. Making silly noises D. Hiding in a closet

C. Making silly noises

Which of the following could be a prevention strategy for a behavior that involves throwing items? A. Ensuring that noise levels are low B. Maximizing the number of items that are close by C. Minimizing the number of items that could be thrown D. Ensuring that reinforcers are available for on task behavior

C. Minimizing the number of items that could be thrown. Minimizing the number of items that could be thrown is a prevention strategy for the behavior of throwing items.

Stimulus control transfer is important for: A. Helping the learner only respond to prompts B. Increasing prompt dependency C. Moving artificial prompts to naturally occurring ones D. Ensuring that artificial prompts are always in place

C. Moving artificial prompts to naturally occurring ones. Stimulus control transfer is important for moving prompts to naturally occurring ones.

Which of the following naturalistic techniques places a heavy emphasis on teaching verbal operants such as mands, tacts, and intraverbals? A. Incidental Teaching B. Early Start Denver Model C. Natural environment teaching D. Pivotal Response Treatment

C. Natural environment teaching. NET places a heavy emphasis on teaching verbal operants such as mands, tacts, and intraverbals

Non-accidental, inappropriate contact or the use of force with an individual that causes injury or physical pain is considered which type of abuse? A. Mental/emotional abuse B. Sexual abuse C. Physical abuse D. Neglect

C. Physical abuse. Physical abuse is non-accidental, inappropriate contact or the use of force with an individual that causes injury or physical pain. Physical abuse may include acts of violence, inappropriate punishments like confinement, or actions that usually cause pain and injury against adults who are incapable of expressing pain or injury.

Why is it important to record data as close to the time the behavior actually occurred as possible? A. So confidentiality will be less likely to be breached B. So directions for data collection will be followed accurately C. So the data will be more likely to reflect an accurate picture of the behavior D. So the data will not be misinterpreted by others

C. So the data will be more likely to reflect an accurate picture of the behavior.

If you have an individual who engages in escape behaviors you should: A. Alternate antecedent interventions daily to see which ones are the most effective. B. Provide all antecedent interventions that can prevent escape. C. Tailor antecedent interventions to the person you support based on data from the FBA. D. Choose 3 antecedent interventions for escape maintained behaviors.

C. Tailor antecedent interventions to the person you support based on data from the FBA. Using the data from the FBA will allow you to provide the correct antecedent intervention.

Which of the following statements is true about the new RBT updates? A. Ethical guidelines have changed dramatically and many new standards were approved. B. Supervision of services has increased to 10 hours per week. C. The changes are based on recommendations from a panel of experts. D. The RBT Task List now has 12 more additions including more assessment indicators.

C. The changes are based on recommendations from a panel of experts.

When preparing for a naturalistic teaching session involving requesting items, which of the following is important to obtain ahead of time? A. Items not related to the targeted requests B. People who can serve as distractors C. The items to be requested D. Items the learner does not like

C. The items to be requested. When preparing for a naturalistic teaching session involving requesting, the items to be requested need to be obtained.

Which of the following best explains the primary purpose of the BACB's RBT Ethics Code? A. The purpose of the RBT Ethics Code is to offer suggestions as how to treat clients and colleagues. B. The purpose of the RBT Ethics Code is to restrict the practice of behavior analysis to certain well-defined circumstances. C. The purpose of the RBT Ethics Code is to provide guidelines for certified and credentialed individuals to follow when they are providing behavior analysis services. D. The purpose of the RBT Ethics Code is to mandate specific tasks and behaviors for all certified and credentialed individuals.

C. The purpose of the RBT Ethics Code is to provide guidelines for certified and credentialed individuals to follow when they are providing behavior analysis services.

Why is frequent assessment important when implementing an intervention plan? A. To ensure that staff are working B. To prove to families that it is working C. To make adjustments as necessary D. To create more detailed graphs

C. To make adjustments as necessary. Frequent assessment is important to ensure adjustments are made to the intervention plan as necessary.

Which of the following is an example of a mand? A. "See the cow!" B. "The mouse went under the chair." C. "Name something round and big." D. "May I have an espresso, please?"

D. "May I have an espresso, please?". "May I have an espresso please?" is an example of a mand.

How does functional communication training (FCT) address problem behavior? A. By addressing daily living skills needed to replace problem behavior B. By suppressing problem behavior through reinforcement C. By increasing desirable behavior through alterations to the environment D. By addressing communication skills needed to replace the problem behavior

D. By addressing communication skills needed to replace the problem behavior. FCT addresses problem behavior by targeting communication skills needed to replace the behavior.

Fluency of skills is: A. Demonstrated by accurate responses given at a slower pace. B. When learners display target behaviors in different settings. C. Demonstrated across time and in different settings. D. Demonstrated by quick responding at high levels of accuracy.

D. Demonstrated by quick responding at high levels of accuracy.

Which of the following are considered to be physical signs of abuse? A. Not complying with aspects of their person-centered plan B. Appearing fearful, suspicious, or submissive C. Spending too much money D. Fingerprints or handprints on the neck, face, arms, or wrists

D. Fingerprints or handprints on the neck, face, arms, or wrists

Crisis plans should have interventions based on which of the following? A. Form of the behavior B. Description of the behavior C. Topography of the behavior D. Function of the behavior

D. Function of the behavior. Interventions should be based on the function or the "why" of the behavior.

Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement? A. Taking away a homework assignment for doing classwork B. Telling a child no when she asks for a cookie C. Telling someone to empty the dishwasher D. Giving someone a compliment for doing good work

D. Giving someone a compliment for doing good work

Which of the following parts of a written skill acquisition plan specifies the long term outcome for learner performance? A. Teaching procedures B. Prompt/Prompt fading procedures C. Criteria for mastery D. Goal

D. Goal. This is the long term outcome linked to the trial presented on the skill acquisition plan.

How would you know if you have successfully paired yourself as a reinforcer? A. If the learner is only slightly reluctant to start work B. If the learner never wants the session to end C. If the learner shows fewer behavior problems than before D. If the learner approaches you and the session easily

D. If the learner approaches you and the session easily.

Which of the following skills is addressed in an interview format on the competency assessment? A. Implement token economies B. Implement stimulus fading C. Implement shaping D. Maintaining client dignity

D. Maintaining client dignity. Maintaining client dignity is addressed in an interview format on the competency assessment.

You are working with a young client in a clinic setting and are implementing a toilet training protocol. Which of the following should you do to make sure that this client's dignity is protected? A. Make sure only staff have access to the bathroom where you are implementing the toilet training. B. Make sure that no one is in the clinic when you implement the toilet training protocol. C. Make sure that only the same gender clients are around when implementing the protocol. D. Make sure that the bathroom door is shut when the client is using the toilet.

D. Make sure that the bathroom door is shut when the client is using the toilet. Making sure that the bathroom door is shut when the client is using the toilet is the best way to ensure client dignity is protected.

A most-to-least prompting sequence involves: A. Using no prompts and then a non-intrusive prompt B. Using the most intrusive prompt and then no prompt C. Using the least intrusive prompt and then no prompt D. Using the most intrusive prompt, then less intrusive prompts until the least is used

D. Using the most intrusive prompt, then less intrusive prompts until the least is used. A most-to-least prompting sequence involves using the most intrusive prompt, then less intrusive until the least is used.