exam one - chapter one
efficient
Using resources wisely and in a cost-effective way
what should managers strive to understand across key management skills?
strengths & weaknesses & how they affect your job/job performance
what do first line managers do?
supervise and coordinate the activities of operating employees & spend a large proportion of their time supervising the work of subordinates.
what skills are especially important when approaching a management task or problem from a scientific perspective?
technical, diagnostic, and decision-making skills
communication skills
the abilities both to effectively convey ideas and information to others and to effectively receive ideas and information from others
interpersonal skills
the ability to communicate with, understand, and motivate both individuals and groups
decision-making skills
the manager's ability to correctly recognize and define problems and opportunities and to then select an appropriate course of action to solve problems and capitalize on opportunities
time-management skills
the manager's ability to prioritize work, to work efficiently, and to delegate appropriately
conceptual skills
the manager's ability to think in the abstract
diagnostic skills
the manager's ability to visualize the most appropriate response to a situation
technical skills
the skills necessary to accomplish or understand the specific kind of work being done in an organization
entrepreneur
the voluntary initiator of change
basic purpose of management
to ensure that an organization's goals are achieved in an efficient and effective manner
monitor
one who actively seeks information that may be of value
setting up the organization =
organizing
decision making
part of the planning process that involves selecting a course of action from a set of alternatives
the process of carrying out the informational role as a manager
places the manager at a strategic point to gather and disseminate information
setting goals =
planning
who usually occupy the position of first line managers?
positions like these are often the first held by employees who enter management from the ranks of operating personnel.
what do good managers do?
propel an organization into unprecedented realms of success
middle management titles
1. plant manager 2. operations manager 3. division head
titles for first line managers
1. supervisor 2. coordinator 3. office manager
fundamental managerial skills
1. technical 2. interpersonal 3. conceptual 4. diagnostic 5. communication 6. decision-making 7. time-management skills
how many roles do senior managers play?
10
what do decisional roles do?
relate primarily to making decisions
what perspective is management viewed by?
resource-based perspective
manager's responsibility
responsible for combining and coordinating these various resources to achieve the organization's goals
human resources managers
responsible for hiring and developing employees involved in: 1. human resource planning 2. recruiting & selecting employees 3. training & development 4. designing compensation & benefit systems 5. formulating performance appraisal systems 6. discharging low-performing and problem employees.
what are middle managers responsible for?
responsible primarily for implementing the policies and plans developed by top managers and for supervising and coordinating the activities of lower-level managers.
leading
set of processes used to get members of the organization to work together to further the interests of the organization
planning
setting an organization's goals and deciding how best to achieve them
manager
someone whose primary responsibility is to carry out the management process - someone who plans and makes decisions, organizes, leads, and controls human, financial, physical, and information resources
titles of top managers
1. CEO 2. president 3. vice president
decisional roles
1. entrepreneur 2. disturbance handler 3. resource allocator 4. negotiator
interpersonal roles
1. figurehead 2. leader 3. liaison
the 4 kinds of basic resources all organizations use
1. human 2. financial 3. physical 4. informational
what mix of resources do managers use to promote efficiency & effectiveness?
1. human 2. financial 3. physical 4. informational
what are the categories that the 10 different roles that senior managers play fall into?
1. interpersonal, 3. informational 3. decisional
what other kinds of managers do organizations need?
1. marketing 2. finance 3. operations 4. human resource 5. general administration 6. other areas
informational roles
1. monitor 2. disseminator 3. spokesperson
4 basic managerial functions
1. planning 2. organizing 3. leading 4. controlling
primary management functions
1. planning & decision making 2. organizing 3. leading 4. controlling
example of decision-making skills
A manager who can quickly recognize the need for a decision and then frame the nature of the decision that is required; the manager who recognizes that an earlier decision did not result in a good outcome and so starts the decision-making process over again
example of interpersonal skills
A manager who establishes a good relationship with an abrasive colleague; a manager who can reprimand someone for poor performance while maintaining a positive working relationship with that person
image of the management process
Management involves four basic activities—planning and decision making, organizing, leading, and controlling. Although there is a basic logic for describing these activities in this sequence (as indicated by the solid arrows), most managers engage in more than one activity at a time and often move back and forth between the activities in unpredictable ways (as shown by the dotted arrows).
image of kinds of managers by level & area
Organizations generally have three levels of management, represented by top managers, middle managers, and first-line managers. Regardless of level, managers are also usually associated with a specific area within the organization, such as marketing, finance, operations, human resources, administration, or some other area.
physical resources
Raw materials; office and production facilities, & equipment
example of technical skills
The manager of a software development company who understands how to write and test relevant code and application; the manager of a restaurant chain knowing the basics of food preparation
example of communication skills
The manager who can write an email that is both informative and inspirational; a manager who can carefully listen to what others are saying and then craft an effective reply
example of conceptual skills
The manager who first sees a new market for an existing product; a manager who accurately forecasts a next-generation technology
example of diagnostic skills
The manager who first sees a new market for an existing product; a manager who accurately forecasts a next-generation technology
example of time-management skills
The manager who routinely tackles the most pressing and significant tasks and delegates less significant tasks to others; a manager who does not easily get distracted by irrelevant issues
organization
a group of people working together in structured and coordinated fashion to achieve a set of goals
what do managers rely on as they perform their jobs?
a mix of key skills
management
a set of activities (including planning and decision making, organizing, leading, and controlling) directed at an organization's resources (human, financial, physical, & information), with the aim of achieving organizational goals in an efficient and effective manner
do the functions of management occur in a step-by-step fashion?
no they are messy
liaison
often involves serving as a coordinator or link among people, groups, or organizations
what must all managers do to be successful?
all managers must play certain roles and exhibit certain skills if they are to be successful
image of management in organizations
an illustration listing activities undertaken by managers in an organization. the following are the inputs from the environment. human resources. financial resources. physical resources. information resources. the input is used in the following activities. planning and decision making. organizing. controlling. leading. the activities lead to a goal being attained efficiently and effectively.
administrative/general managers
are not associated with any particular management specialty - tend to be generalists; they have some basic familiarity with all functional areas of management rather than specialized training in any one area.
financial resources
capital used by organization to finance ongoign & long term operations
operations managers
concerned with creating and managing the systems that create an organization's products and services - responsibilities include : 1. production control, 2. inventory control 3. quality control 4. plant layout 5. site selection.
monitoring performance =
controlling
research & development managers
coordinate the activities of scientists and engineers working on scientific projects in organizations
what do top managers do?
create the organization's goals, overall strategy, and operating policies & officially represent the organization to the external environment by meeting with government officials, executives of other organizations, and so forth.
financial managers
deal primarily with an organization's financial resources & are responsible for such activities as: 1. accounting 2. cash management 3. investments
what do interpersonal roles do?
deal with other people
public relations managers
deal with the public and media for firms to protect and enhance the image of the organization.
organizing
determining how activities and resources are to be grouped
areas of management
differentiation of managers into marketing, financial, operations, human resource, administration, and other areas
levels of management
differentiation of managers into three basic categories—top, middle, and first-line
what do communication skills enable managers to do?
enable a manager to transmit ideas to subordinates so that they know what is expected, to coordinate work with peers and colleagues so that they work well together, and to keep higher-level managers informed about what is going on - also communication skills help the manager listen to what others say and to understand the real meaning behind emails, letters, reports, and other written communication.
for whom are technical skills important for?
first line managers because they spend lots of time training subordinates
spokesperson
formally relays information to people outside the unit or outside the organization - carries substantive information and communicates it to others in a formal manner.
disturbance handler
handling such problems as strikes, copyright infringements, or problems in public relations or with corporate image.
leader (interpersonal)
hiring, training, and motivating employees - formally or informally shows subordinates how to do things and how to perform under pressure is leading
how are manager's jobs complicated?
huge demands, lots of work hours, complexities because of globalization, domestic competition, government regulation, shareholder pressure, & various others - rapid changes, unexpected disruptions, & crisis
how can many management issues be approached?
in ways that are : 1. rational 2. logical 3. objective 4. systematic
what do informational roles do?
involve the processing of information
is effective management a science or an art?
it is a blend of both
managing people =
leading
how can management issues be responded to in artistic ways?
make decisions and solve problems on the basis of: 1. intuition 2. experience 3. instinct 4. personal insights
top managers
make up the relatively small group of executives who manage the overall organization
effective
making the right decisions and successfully implementing them
figurehead
manager carries out a ceremonial or symbolic function
resource allocator
manager decides how resources are distributed and with whom he or she will work most closely - manager typically allocates the funds in the unit's operating budget among the unit's members and projects
negotiator
manager enters into negotiations with other groups or organizations as a representative of the company - managers may negotiate a union contract, an agreement with a consultant, or a long-term relationship with a supplier - negotiations may also be internal to the organization - can mediate a dispute between two subordinates or negotiate with another department for additional support.
human resources includes
managerial talen & labor
the largest group of managers
middle managers
controlling
monitoring organizational progress toward goal attainment
what other responsibilities do middle managers have?
must meet various production quotas and goals and handle inventory management, quality control, equipment failures, and union problems & coordinate the work of supervisors within the plant
once a manager has set goals & developed a plan, what is the next step?
to organize people & other resources necessary to carry out the plan
disseminator
transmitting relevant information back to others in the workplace
information resources
usable data, information linkages
where are the 4 basic resources organization's use gathered from?
usually from the organization's environment
how can we classify managers?
we can classify managers according to their level in the organization and the area in which they work.
marketing managers
work in areas related to the marketing function—getting consumers and clients to buy the organization's products or services - areas include: 1. new-product development 2. promotion 3. distribution
are managers called upon to play a variety of roles?
yes
as a manager, will activities follow a predictable & logical sequence?
yes
do large organizations have multiple levels of managers?
yes
