Exam review 3
an EMT, out of frustration and laziness, decides to not provide appropriate immobilization to a drunk patient he has transported on multiple occasions. failure to provide this care may be considered: a. legal b. abandonment c. moral d. illegal
d. illegal
when suctioning a patients airway with a rigid tip suction catheter, you should: a. insert the catheter until you meet resistance b. suction for no more than 5 seconds c. suction for no more than 20 seconds d. insert the catheter only as far as you can see
d. insert the catheter only as far as you can see
you are responding to a federal penitentiary for an inmate riot. there is a multi-departmental response between police, fire, and EMS. while enroute to the facility on the red, you have a police escort in front you of you to " clear the way". why is this type of escort a dangerous situation? a. it creates a vehicle parking/placement issue at the scene when all the units arrive once at the scene b. responding with multiple emergency vehicles disrupts traffic flow too drastically c. multiple responses means that no one is remaining in the "local" area to handle police/fire/EMS calls d. motorists may only except one emergency vehicle before they start to move again
d. motorists may only except one emergency vehicle before they start to move again
of the following MCI incidents, which one may be the most dangerous for the EMT to enter without any type of PPE other than gloves? a. 6 family members suspected to be unresponsive in their home one fall morning b. EMS response to a construction site where a scaffolding fell, resulting in 5 people falling c. an explosion at a factory where 8 people were burned according to the fire department on scene d. a bus filled with 10-12 teenagers that hit a bridge abutment
a. 6 family members suspected to be unresponsive in their home one fall morning
a seven-year-old child has been struck by a car. the impact was absorbed primarily by his chest. there is no deformity and no obvious external injury. which one of the following reasons best accounts for the lack of external injuries? a. a child's chest wall is flexible and less prone to fractures than an adult's b. children are lighter and can be carried easier by the impact of a vehicle c. the sternum of a child is proportionately larger than an adults d. a child's bones are stronger than an adults
a. a child's chest wall is flexible and less prone to fractures than an adult's
the most appropriate strategy to protect yourself in a terrorist chemical attack would be to: a. apply time, and shielding b. use cover and concealment c. wear a level A suit with SCBA d. wear a level B suit with HEPA mask
a. apply time, and shielding
the most effective way to keep an 18-month-old child calm during a detailed assessment would be to: a. assess from toe to head, starting from the outside working in b. assess from head to toe, beginning inside and working your way out c. restrain the patient on a pediatric immobilization device before starting d. ask the mother to leave the room to calm down the atmosphere
a. assess from toe to head, starting from the outside working in
a 72-year-old female complains of vertigo. her family states that she is slurring her speech and has had difficulty walking. she is alert and her vital signs are pulse 100, respiration 20, blood pressure 204,100. after completing a primary assessment, you should first: a. attempt to identify the onset of symptoms and initiate transport b. assist the patient with her nitroglycerin to bring her blood pressure down c. complete a detailed assessment to identify any injuries d. complete a thorough neurological assessment
a. attempt to identify the onset of symptoms and initiate transport
an 80-year-old women has fallen and now complains of right hip pain. she is alert and her vitals are pulse 64, respiration 28, blood pressure 140,90. after completing your primary assessment, you should: a. begin a secondary assessment on scene b. initiate rapid transport c. apply a traction splint d. apply a pelvic binder
a. begin a secondary assessment on scene
an EMT assists in the administration of epinephrine to a patient suffering from a severe allergic reaction with significant distress, hypotension, and wheezing. what property of epinephrine would result in smooth muscle relaxation in the bronchioles and ease the wheezing? a. beta 2 b. beta 1 c. alpha 1 d. alpha 2
a. beta 2
a pulmonary embolism causes hypoxia by: a. blocking blood flow to the alveoli b. blocking air flow to the alveoli c. lung collapse due to air in the pleural space d. rupturing the alveoli due to blunt trauma to the chest
a. blocking blood flow to the alveoli
arriving at the scene of a 75-year-old patient reported to be in cardiac arrest, you immediately determine the patient has no pulse. which on of the following actions should be taken first? a. get a patient history from family/bystanders b. check for a do not resuscitate order c. initiate chest compressions d. place the defibrillator pads and shock
c. initiate chest compressions
which of the following situations would provide the best chance for survival in a patient that went into cardiac arrest outside the hospital? a. cpr within 1 minute, defibrillation within 3 minutes, acls t minutes b. cpr within 2 minutes, defibrillation within 4 minutes, acls within 5 minutes c. cpr immediatley, defibrillation within 10 minutes, acls within 20 minutes d. cpr within 3 minutes, defibrillation within 5 minutes, alcls within 10 minutes
a. cpr within 1 minute, defibrillation within 3 minutes, acls t minutes
a male patient was cutting down a tree with a chainsaw when he slipped and fell, allowing the chainsaw to cut deeply into his thigh. upon assessment, you find heavy bleeding that is bright red and hard to stop with direct pressure. what blood vessel was most likely damaged? a. femoral artery b. iliac vien c. memorial vein d. popliteal artery
a. femoral artery
you have just delivered a baby in the prehospital environment. after initial and repeated tactile stimulation the baby still has bluish discoloration to the extremities and core, the heart rate is 104/min, and there is no flexion of the major muscle group and minimal grimacing. breath sounds upon auscultation are diminished bilaterally. what should your next action be? a. initiate positive pressure ventilation b. restimulate the infant by rubbing back or flicking soles of feet c. start external compressions at > 120/min d. provide blow by oxygen
a. initiate positive pressure ventilation
you have assessed and treated a trauma patient with an open chest wound. when reassessing this patient you should focus on: a. listening to lung sounds to identify a pneumothorax b. exposing the patient to identify additional injuries c. checking for a pulse oximetry changes d. assessing for changes in blood pressure
a. listening to lung sounds to identify a pneumothorax
a rear-end motor-vehicle crash has resulted in an unrestrained 22-year-old being injured. vital signs are: pulse 46, respirations, 24 shallow, blood pressure 82/54 and skin, warm and dry. the assessment of motor function and sensation find them diminished in the arms. based on those findings, what type of shock should you suspect? a. neurogenic b. hemorrhagic c. cardiogenic d. traumatic
a. neurogenic
a 31-year-old male has been struck by a car. you find him lying prone on the ground. he does not respond to your voice but does mean as you palpate his obviously fractured his leg. using the AVPU scale, how would you categorize his mental status? a. p b. u c. v d. a
a. p
during an active seizure the EMT would expect what findings on the pulse oximeter? a. progressive deterioration of the pulse ox b. initially the pulse ox will drop, but then it will climb back again c. constant reading of > 95% d. an initial increase and then decrease the reading
a. progressive deterioration of the pulse ox
you are called to a playground where an eight-year-old is having difficulty breathing. as you approach the patient, you observe nasal flaring, cyanosis around the lips, and rhonchi. the primary assessment identifies slow, shallow respirations, use of accessory muscles, and no response to your presence. based on this information, what is the most appropriate treatment? a. provide ventilations with bag-valve mask and oxygen b. suction until the rhonchi stop and give oxygen c. call ALS and wait on the scene until they arrive d. administer oxygen by a non rebreather mask
a. provide ventilations with bag-valve mask and oxygen
a twenty-one-year-old female patient is 15 weeks pregnant and is complaining of cramping and heavy vaginal discharge of blood and clots. she has been careful with her prenatal activities and has been taking vitamins as prescribed by her private physician. given this information, what would be the most likely differential field impression for her condition? a. spontaneous abortion b. placenta priva c. menstrual cycle d. premature delivery
a. spontaneous abortion
it is a cold january day. you have brought a patient out on a stair chair but as you near the door you realize you have left the blanket on the stretcher outside. you should: a. stop the move and have your partner retrieve the blanket b. continue moving the patient because she will only be outside for a minute c. continue the move but wrap the blanket around the patient as soon as you reach the stretcher d. place your coat on the patients chest and continue the move
a. stop the move and have your partner retrieve the blanket
you and your partner drop a patient while carrying her on a stair chair. the patient falls, but is uninjured. which one of the following reasons would make it difficult for the patient to claim negligence? a. the patient was unhurt b. the scope of practice was violated c. there was no duty to act d. the standard of care was not violated
a. the patient was unhurt
a patient having a severe asthma attack might begin aerobic metabolism because of: a. loss of body fluid b. low levels of glucose in the blood c. low levels of oxygen in the blood d. high levels of CO2 in the blood
c. low levels of oxygen in the blood
which one of the following patients would have the most serious and potentially critical burn? a. six-year-old female with partial-thickness burns to 12% of her body surface b. 20 year-old male with a partial thickness burn to the mouth and nose c. 30-year-old male with full-thickness burns to 5% of his body d. 33-year-old female with a chemical burn to her hand
b. 20 year-old male with a partial thickness burn to the mouth and nose
you are on scene at a MVC where there are two critical patients. while you are waiting for back-up to arrive, you are treating one patient while your partner is caring for the other. you elect to initiate artificial ventilation on your patient because they are breathing adequately. what would be your preferred method of ventilation? a. mouth to mouth ventilation with no barrier device b. FROPVD c. one person BVM d. endotracheal intubation
b. FROPVD
you are attempting to control the bleeding from a lacerated brachial artery. the wound continues to bleed through the gauze you are using to apply direct pressure. after adding two additional layers, the wound continues to bleed rapidly. you should next: a. remove all the first dressing and replace it with new dressings b. apply a trouniquet c. add more dressings on top of the original dressings d. place a bandage over the dressings
b. apply a trouniquet
you are on scene at a residence for a patient who has fallen but cannot stand. he was able to summon EMS through an alert device worn around his neck. you note the doors are securely locked, and the patient cannot come to the door to let you in. what should your next action be? a. break a large window you can safely crawl through b. attempt entry through an unlocked ground level window c. force the front door open by kicking at the lock assembly d. ask a police officer to shoot the lock to open the door
b. attempt entry through an unlocked ground level window
you are delivery a baby. as the head presents at the perineum, you notice the umbilical cord to be encircled around the baby neck. you should: a. immediately clamp out the cord b. attempt to slip the cord up and over the baby's head c. gently push the baby's head back toward the birth canal to take pressure off the cord d. insert a gloved hand into the vagina to create a channel of air for the baby
b. attempt to slip the cord up and over the baby's head
a 14-year-old lacrosse player was struck in the chest with a ball. he collapsed immediately and now is in cardiac arrest. what is the most likely cause of this cardiac arrest? a. tension pneumorthorax b. commotion cordis c. cardiac contusion d. pericardial tamponade
b. commotion cordis
a 25-year-old pregnant female presents complaining of labor pains. she is 40 weeks pregnant. which one of the following signs might indicate an immediate delivery? a. rupture of the membranes b. crowning c. contractions less than five minutes apart d. lightening
b. crowning
of the following bits of patient information, which would be least useful in an elderly female patient who you suspect is suffering from a stroke? a. takes blood pressure pills b. had her uterus removed when she was 45 years old c. history of hypertension d. has not seen a doctor in 3 months
b. had her uterus removed when she was 45 years old
a 35-year-old male has lacerated his right forearm. you have applied a pressure bandage, which has successfully controlled the bleeding. it is important for you to reassess the pressure bandage frequently to ensure it: a. continues to stop arterial flow to the extremity b. has no cut off circulation to the distal extremity c. is not causing additional pain d. is not causing paresthesia in the distal hand
b. has no cut off circulation to the distal extremity
you are about to assist in the administration of an MDI to a patient who is displaying exacerbation of emphysema. following permission from medical direction, you prepare the device and instruct the patient how the medication is best administered. which of the statements below best represents the directions you should provide? a. take several shallow breaths off the MDI, depressing the canister each time b. inhale the MDI, hold your breath for a moment, then exhale c. take a deep breath first, then inhale the MDI d. put the tip of the MDI in your mouth, then inhale deeply
b. inhale the MDI, hold your breath for a moment, then exhale
a 16-year-old asthma patient is in severe respiratory distress. he tells you he is very tired, and you notice his respiratory seems to be slowing. you should: a. continue with supplemental oxygen and let this patient rest b. initiate positive pressure ventilation because this patient is approaching respiratory failure c. increase the oxygen flow to his non rebreather mask because this patient must be getting hypoxic d. switch to a nasal cannula to make the patient more comfortable as he sleeps
b. initiate positive pressure ventilation because this patient is approaching respiratory failure
what causes an occlusion in a coronary artery that leads to tissue downstream from the blockage to become hypoxic? a. pulmonary embolism b. deep vein thrombosis c. myocardial infarction d. cerebral vascular accident
c. myocardial infarction
a 22-year-old female is unconscious after being stung by multiple bees. bystanders have moved her to safety. you note she is pale, covered in hives, and has no palpable radial pulse. her vitals are: pulse 122 (carotid only), respiration 38, blood pressure 68/44. a bystander tells you he has a similar bee sting allergy and hands you his epinephrine auto-injector. you should: a. send a bystander to the patients home to retrieve the patients auto-injector b. initiate rapid transport and arrange for ALS intercept c. ask the bystander to administer his epinephrine auto-injector d. administer the epinephrine auto-injector and initiate transport
b. initiate rapid transport and arrange for ALS intercept
an 18-year-old male has been stabbed in the abdomen. he has a small puncture wound in the upper left quadrant and bleeding is minimal. he is anxious, diaphoretic, and pale. his vital signs are pulse 124, respiration 28, blood pressure 96/70. to treat this patient you should first: a. attempt to identify the length of the knife used in the stabbing b. initiate rapid transport to a trauma center c. complete a detailed assessment to look for additional wounds d. apply a bulky dressing and direct pressure to the puncture wound
b. initiate rapid transport to a trauma center
when assisting the anaphylactic patient with the administration of epinephrine via prescribed auto-injection pen, where should the EMT tell the patient it is to be administered? a. anterior abdomen b. lateral thigh c. lateral forearm d. posterior gluteal
b. lateral thigh
you are treating an elderly male patient who fell on the sidewalk outside his home, striking his head hard. it was a witnessed fall by family members who called EMS immediately. although he was initially responsive, by the time EMS arrives the patient responds to full stimuli with muscular extension, pupils are becoming unequal but are still sluggish to respond, and he displays an elevated blood pressure, wide pulse pressure, and bradycardia. given these findings, what level of brainstem involvement is suspected? a. lower brain stem/medulla b. middle brain stem c. upper brain stem d. total brain stem involvement
b. middle brain stem
a 49-year-old male has an internally implanted defibrillator that has fired three times in the last 10 minutes. on your arrival, the patient is conscious and in pain. his vital sings are pulse 100, respirations 24, blood pressure 100,68. as you are assessing him, the patient loses consciousness only to have his defibrillator fire again. you should: a. begin cpr b. monitor the patient and prepare to rescuciatate c. not touch the patient because you might be shocked d. attach an aed
b. monitor the patient and prepare to rescuciatate
a patient is found unresponsive in his home. upon gaining access to the patient you rapidly identify sonorous airway sounds and rapid breathing. family members report the patient is diabetic. after completing the scene size-up, what initial intervention should you perform during the primary survey? a. insert an oropharyngeal airway b. open the mouth c. initiate positive pressure ventilation with oxygen d. insert a nasopharyngeal airway
b. open the mouth
a six-year-old male has been accidentally struck in the head by a baseball hat. the patient cried immediately, but is now acting very lethargic. this mental status most likely indicates the child is: a. ready for his afternoon nap b. potentially brain injured c. tired from crying d. nervous around strangers
b. potentially brain injured
your general impression of a five year old child reveals an increased work of breathing, lethargic mental status, and cyanotic skin. what do those findings most likely indicate what? a. central nervous system abnormality b. respiratory failure with inadequate breathing c. shock with an increased respiratory rate d. respiratory distress with adequate breathing
b. respiratory failure with inadequate breathing
after informing a patients mother that her 10-year-old son has died, she refuses to believe you and attempt to stroke you with a vase. you should: a. physically restrain her until she calms down b. retreat to safety until she calms down c. attempt to de-escalate the situation by using calm tones d. have her arrested immediately by law enforcement
b. retreat to safety until she calms down
you are managing the airway of a patient who is gagging and coughing blood. the fact that you are wearing glasses means you: a. do not need to don further eye protection b. should use additional protection to cover the sides of your glasses c. should cover your mouth, but your eyes are not protected d. should only don further protection if your glasses do not completely cover the front of your eyes
b. should use additional protection to cover the sides of your glasses
a 25-year-old male has been involved in motorcycle crash. you find small branch impaled in his right thigh. you should: a. move the branch slightly to visualize the depth of the injury b. stabilize the branch in place c. remove the branch immeditely d. remove the branch only if it is causing severe pain
b. stabilize the branch in place
you attempt to straighten an angulated radius/ulna fracture. as you and your partner are moving the arm, the patient screams in pain and tells you to stop. you should: a. continue moving the bone ends because pain is to be expected b. stop moving the bone ends and immobilize in place c. stop moving bone ends, give the patient a break, and then try moving them again d. move bone ends quickly so pain will be only brief
b. stop moving the bone ends and immobilize in place
when assessing breath sounds with a stethoscope, which of the below best describes how you should instruct the patient to breathe during your assessment? a. breath normally with your mouth open b. take a deep breath in and out with your mouth open c. take some deep breaths in and out. keep your mouth closed d. breathe normally with your mouth closed
b. take a deep breath in and out with your mouth open
during an MCI event, your EMS service as well as the local police, fire, and emergency responders on scene through mutual aid agreements are utilizing radio communications to organize and execute the MCI plan. what is the recommended form of verbal communication during this time? a. the use of organization specific codes and signals b. the use of plain english words c. the use of standardized MCI codes and plain english d. the use of standardized MCI codes and signals
b. the use of plain english words
a 17-year-old female is unconscious with snoring respirations and pale skin. her vital signs are pulse 124, respiration 8, blood pressure 90/58. her friends say she may have taken some pills. her physical findings most likely indicate a(n): a. cannabis overdose b. cocaine overdose c. narcotic overdose d. alcohol overdose
c. narcotic overdose
your patient has been struck in the chest by a baseball bat. during assessment you palpate crepitus in the area of injury and note paradoxical chest wall motion. what effect will this paradoxical motion have on the patients tidal volume? a. tidal volume will remain unchanged as the respiratory rate will increase to compensate b. tidal volume will diminish due to alveolar hypoventilation c. there will be no change in the tidal volume nor respiratory rate because the other thorax and lung is unaffected d. it will cause an increase in the tidal volume
b. tidal volume will diminish due to alveolar hypoventilation
a 10-year-old male was witnessed to fall and loose consciousness after striking his head. upon arrival, the patient tells you he does not want to go to the hospital and his parents are not at home. you should: a. transport the patient to his home b. transport the patient under the concept of implied consent c. allow the patient to refuse care d. transport the patient under the concept of expressed consent
b. transport the patient under the concept of implied consent
a 61-year-old male is found seizing. his wife states he became ill and collapsed after handling some fertilizer from the garden. the most likely route of this poisoning would be: a. ingestion b. inhalation c. absorption d. injection
c. absorption
while managing a patient with chest pain from a suspected myocardial infarction, he asks you why you want to give him aspirin if he doesn't have a headache. of the responses below, which would be most approropate for you to use when responding to his question? a. the heart will not beat as hard after aspiring, which will slow the injury to the heart b. you'll get a headache from the nitro, so the aspiring first may help c. aspirin helps to keep the blood from clotting which may lessen the heart damage d. the aspiring will make your artier in the heart bigger, allowing more blood flow
c. aspirin helps to keep the blood from clotting which may lessen the heart damage
a two-year-old male is unconscious after a head injury. the most important reason to take serial blood pressures on this patient would be to: a. monitor for hypertension b. determine the need for ALS assistance c. assess for rising intracranial pressure d. monitor for shock
c. assess for rising intracranial pressure
you are dispatched to the scene of a motor-vehicle crash on a local highway. traffic has not been stopped when you arrive. you should position the ambulance: a. in the breakdown lane out of the flow of traffic b. downstream from the scene to improve loading saftey c. between oncoming traffic and the scene d. so that the headlights warn oncoming traffic
c. between oncoming traffic and the scene
what is the most likely cause of hematemesis? a. ruptured appendix b. open head injury c. bleeding ulcer in the stomach d. ruptured ectopic pregnancy
c. bleeding ulcer in the stomach
of the following pathological changes that occur in geriatric patients, which will have the greatest impact on overall survivability should the geriatric patient become entrapped in a house fire and subjected to smoke and superheated gases prior to rescue by the fire department? a. cardiac hypertrophy b. inability of the CNS to regulate many body systems c. bronchiole smooth muscle weakness d. chronic dehydration
c. bronchiole smooth muscle weakness
you arrive first on scene at a motor-vehicle crash. you identify downed electrical wires that stretch across both sides of the two-lane road. you position the ambulance to block traffic in the approaching south bound lane. you should next: a. request power company resources to shut down the electricity lines b. begin triage and evaluate the need for additional ambulances c. deploy flares to warn traffic in the opposite north bound lane d. request fire department resources to begin extrication procedures
c. deploy flares to warn traffic in the opposite north bound lane
during the assessment and management of a musculoskeletal injury, you note an absence of pulses distal to the injury. with what what type of injury is the EMT allowed to manipulate the shape/direction of the site in order to try to restore perfusion? a. humorous injury b. tibial injury c. elbow injury d. ulnar injury
c. elbow injury
when entering any scene involving an ill or injured patient, there are priorities that the EMT must consider. of the following which one lists the EMTs first concerns? a. take standard precautions and get a chief complaint b. get a general impression and a chief complaint c. ensure scene safety and take standard precautions d. ensure scene safety and get a chief complaint
c. ensure scene safety and take standard precautions
with an electrocution which one of the following is likely to occur? a. acute senses of sight, hearing, smell and taste b. hyperactivity and movement in all extremities c. heart found to be in ventricular fibrillation d. four wounds showing the pathway of electricity in the body
c. heart found to be in ventricular fibrillation
a 16-year-old male has been found unconscious by his mother. he is only responsive to pain and is breathing rapidly and deeply with a fruity odor on his breath. his mother states he has been feeling poorly for the last two weeks and notes he has had frequent urination and weight loss. his vitals are pulse 124, respiration 48, blood pressure 70/40. there is no history of drug abuse. what is the most likely cause of this condition? a. sepsis b. stroke c. hyperglycemia d. hypoglycemia
c. hyperglycemia
a 52-year-old male called EMS because he "wants to kill himself". as you approach the patient, he presents a pistol. you should: a. attempt to calm him down and discuss his intent b. firmly tell him to put his pistol down immeditaley c. immediately retreat and seek cover d. grab the pistol out of his hand
c. immediately retreat and seek cover
while returning to base in the ambulance, you attempted to rush through a yellow light and collided with another vehicle. which one of the following statements best describes your legal protection in this scenario? a. you are an ambulance and therefore have the automatic right of way b. you are protected from liability under a good samaritan act c. in nonemergency mode you must follow the traffic laws that apply to other drivers d. you are protected because you had no duty to act
c. in nonemergency mode you must follow the traffic laws that apply to other drivers
you are assessing a 17-year-old female with left-sided, lower quadrant abdominal pain. in attempting to rule out an ectopic pregnancy, you should ask the: a. patients mother if there is any chance her daughter could be pregnant b. patient is she is pregnant c. patient privately if she is sexually active d. patient and her parents if there was any way she could be pregnant
c. patient privately if she is sexually active
an 88-year-old male complains of pain in his right chest, a chronic cough, and fever. he tells you he fell and hurt his ribs last week. these findings most likely indicate: a. aortic aneurism b. fractured ribs c. pneumonia d. myocardial infarction
c. pneumonia
you are called to treat a 22-year-old female who has been sexually assaulted. external trauma is minimal but you will be transporting her for further evaluation. the patient notes that she would like to take a shower and change before leaving. you should: a. allow her to shower and change if it makes her feel better b. allow her to change but not shower c. prevent her from showering or changing because it will destroy evidence d. allow her to simply wash up prior to leaving
c. prevent her from showering or changing because it will destroy evidence
a 64-year-old obese female goes into respiratory arrest after complaining of chest pain. you attempt to ventilate but have a difficult time obtaining chest rise. you should: a. began abdominal thrusts b. increase ventilation pressure c. reposition the head d. increase ventilation volume
c. reposition the head
which one of the following would be considered a medium velocity mechanism of injury? a. rifle bullet b. knife c. shotgun pellet d. shrapnel from a large explosion
c. shotgun pellet
you are caring for a patient who is post-cardiac arrest. according to bystanders, the patient clenched his chest and dropped to the ground. an AED was quickly brought to the patients side and delivered one countercheck. after 1-2 minutes of CPR the patient regained a pulse and started to wake up. currently the patient has an intact airway with spontaneous breathing and a peripheral pulse. vitals are all stable and the mental status of the patient is improving. given this information, how could you categorize the patients physiologic status? a. potentially unstable b. unstable c. stable, put potentially unstable d. stable
c. stable, put potentially unstable
your unit is dispatched to a " domestic disturbance". you arrive on scene before the police. as you pull up and park, you notice a women in the doorway, waving you toward the house. she appears to have blood on her face. you should: a. proceed but have your partner stay outside to direct police b. immediately leave the scene and return to the station c. stay in the ambulance and wait for law enforcement d. proceed to the house carefully
c. stay in the ambulance and wait for law enforcement
while at a fast food restaurant, a women screams that her child is choking. you identify yourself and begin to assess the 7-year-old. you note that she is coughing and making a high pitched noise when she breathes in. this high-pitched sound is called? a. rhonchi b. crackles c. stridor d. wheezing
c. stridor
you are caring for a patient who was submerged under the surface of the water for a prolonged period following a boating accident. regarding the factors that would play into ultimate patient survival, which of the factors below would be LEAST beneficial to patient outcome? a. cardiovascular health b. absence of traumatic injury c. submersion in warm water d. age of the patient
c. submersion in warm water
a 16-year-old is struck in the neck by a branch while riding his snow mobile. as you complete your primary assessment, you note the patient has a difficult time speaking and has a very hoarse voice. those findings most likely indicate: a. cold air affecting the larynx b. recreations building up in the airway c. swelling in the airway d. anxiety related to the crash
c. swelling in the airway
a 61-year-old male is complaining of chest pain. which one of the following statements would be considered part of the patients history of the present illness? a. i had knee replacement surgery last year b. i am allergic to aspirin c. the pain began at noon d. i take lorazepam for my nerves
c. the pain began at noon
while on scene of a HAZ-MAT incident, you are assigned to patient care duties in the "cold zone" of the spill. what does this mean regarding your exposure to the toxins material? a. you will be working within the area of actual exposure b. there is no chance of exposure c. there is a minimal chance of exposure d. there is a definite chance of exposure
c. there is a minimal chance of exposure
which one of the following best describes why aspirin is administered to an acute coronary syndrome patient? a. to relive pain b. to reduce the number of platelets in the blood c. to decrease the ability of the blood clot d. to dilate coronary arteries
c. to decrease the ability of the blood clot
you are called to the home of an infant who recently came home from the hospital with an apnea monitor. the family became scared when the alarm started to sound, so they summoned EMS. upon your arrival, they are holding the infant who is awake and alert- in no apparent distress. what would be the best course of action regarding assessment and treatment of this patient? a. immediately initiate positive pressure ventilation should the patient stop breathing again b. tell the parents the monitor probably malfunctioned and to call the medical equipment company in the morning c. transport the patient to the hospital, explaining the infant should still be assessed to ensure they are ok d. since the patient is stable, reset the monitor and leave the scene
c. transport the patient to the hospital, explaining the infant should still be assessed to ensure they are ok
which one of the following best describes how communication should be conducted during a multiple-casualty incident? a. always explain your instructions in lengthy terms, repeating everything twice. b. always speak in loud tones or yell so that your instructions can be understood c. use the radio as little as possible and keep communications short
c. use the radio as little as possible and keep communications short
during the management of a toddler, you note that the child screams uncontrollably when you attempt to move him from his mother's arms to the ambulance cot. this separation anxiety will initially become prevalent with what age of toddlers? a. 30 months b. 24 months c. 12 months d. 18 months
d. 18 months
you are called to the home of a hospice patient who fell out of bed and is having trouble getting back up due to his obesity. there is a hospice care provider on scene that advises you the patient has terminal brain and bone cancer, and is only expected to live another 3-4 weeks. when you meet the patient, you find he is very pleasant and welcoming despite his prognosis. this patient is most likely in what stage of death and dying? a. depression b. anger c. bargaining d. acceptance
d. acceptance
a 22-year-old male has been thrown 20 feet from a motor-vehicle crash. he is moaning in pain, breathing rapidly, and has spurting blood coming from the area around his femoral artery. you should first: a. apply high flow oxygen via non rebreather mask b. begin positive pressure ventilations c. obtain a baseline set of vital signs d. apply a direct pressure to the bleeding
d. apply a direct pressure to the bleeding
a 27-year-old male has been involved in a serious motor-vehicle crash. you find him slumped forward over the steering wheel and he is not responsive. after taking appropriate safety precautions, you should first: a. begin positive pressure ventilation b. remove the patient using a rapid extrication c. open the airway with a jaw thrust d. apply manual stabilization to the cervical spine
d. apply manual stabilization to the cervical spine
you are first on scene at a serious, multiple patient motor-vehicle crash. you size up identifies the need for extrication and request rescue resources and additional ambulances. you should next: a. begin treating the most injured patient b. begin treating the first patient you can access c. extricate any patient you can, using non-mechanical methods d. attempt to determine the priority and order of patients to be extricated
d. attempt to determine the priority and order of patients to be extricated
you are treating a 65-year-old patient with severe exacerbation of COPD when you observe him stop breathing. you should first: a. begin chest compressions b. insert an oropharyngeal c. admisnter high flow oxygen via nonrebreather mask d. check for a pulse
d. check for a pulse
you are dispatched to a 57-year-old female patient who is have stroke like symptoms. when you arrive on the scene, you assess for a stroke using the cincinnati prehospital stroke. which one of the following is part of this evaluation tool? a. trying to remember three letters b. clapping hands together c. evaluate pupil reaction d. check for facial droop
d. check for facial droop
a four-year-old female complains of nausea and vomiting. her mother states she has not been able to keep anything down for the last 3 days. she presents lethargic, pale, and her vital signs are: pulse 130, respiration 30, blood pressure 94/60. what is the patient most significant problem? a. gi infection b. probable appendicitis c. electrolyte imbalance d. compensated shock
d. compensated shock
you are suctioning a 27-year-old patient who has omitted. the patient vomits again, which requires more suctioning. you also realize that she needs to be ventilated because she appears to be cyanotic around her lips. which one of the following actions is the most appropriate at this point? a. stop suctioning immediately and start ventilating b. suction and provide ventilations simultaneously c. stop suctioning at 15 seconds, even if the airway is not clear d. continue suctioning until the airway is clear then ventilate
d. continue suctioning until the airway is clear then ventilate
which one of the following factors would be considered a disadvantage to air medical transport? a. crew capabilities b. access c. speed d. cost of the resources
d. cost of the resources
serious chest injury patients will usually be placed in supine and immobilized. placing the patient in this position is important for immobilization, but it may actually hamper the patients respiratory efforts. why is this true? a. drop in preload arriving at the heart b. worsting of alveolar edema c. decreased oxygenate saturation d. diminished diaphragm motion
d. diminished diaphragm motion
a patient on a home ventilator has experienced difficulty breathing. when you enter the residence, you notice that the patient is still hooked up to the ventilator. the caretaker tells you they just suctioned the patient. you see the patient is restless and has some cyanosis on the fingers and lips. what initial action should be taken for this patient? a. ask the caretaker if he can fix the ventilator b. determine if there is a backup ventilator c. disconnect the device and give supplemental oxygen d. disconnect the ventilator and assist with BVM and oxygen
d. disconnect the ventilator and assist with BVM and oxygen
which one of the following situations does not break HIPAA and confidentiality requirements? a. discussing the call for a 26-year-old male with a group of reporters b. discussing a call with another EMT who happens to be the patients brother in law c. discussing with the crew at the base the call at Mrs. Johnson's house d. discussing a safety hazard at 26 South Ave with your supervisor
d. discussing a safety hazard at 26 South Ave with your supervisor
you are treating a 76-year-old patient with respiratory distress secondary to pneumonia. he is having difficulty breathing, but thus far is compensating. your partner asks if you would like him to drive to the hospital in an emergency mode. which one of the following would be the most appropriate answer? a. emergency mode is appropriate because this patient could decompensate b. nonemergency mode is appropriate because this patient will not get any worse c. emergency mode is appropriate because it will help us get through afternoon traffic d. non emergency mode is appropriate. we can always upgrade our response if necessary
d. non emergency mode is appropriate. we can always upgrade our response if necessary
for which one of the following patients is it most appropriate to use a pulse oximeter? a. patient rescued from a house fire b. patient rescued in winter from a car c. patient with signs of decompensated shock d. patient in her residence with chest pain
d. patient in her residence with chest pain
which one of the following nerves is used to control the diaphragm? a. glossopharyngeal nerve b. brachial nerve c. abducens nerve d. phrenic nerve
d. phrenic nerve
what vascular structure when lacerated by an assailant's knife during an attack could interfere with the perfusion of deoxygenated blood to the lungs? a. pulmonary vien b. aorta c. ductus arteriosus d. pulmonary artery
d. pulmonary artery
a 29-year-old male is making threats to his psychologist and acting out with unusual agitation. law enforcement is present and will assist with safety issues. when attempting to asses this patient you should: a. interrupt his answers if he speaks about violence b. tell the patient that if he does not cooperate the police will take him to jail c. position yourself very close to the patient so you can speak in quiet tones d. use calm tones and empathetic questions
d. use calm tones and empathetic questions
your state requires you to obtain 38 continuing hours over a three year period in order to re-license as an EMT. as a professional EMT, arranging those education hours would be the responsibility of: a. your service b. your chief c. your EMS region d. you as a provider
d. you as a provider
