Exam Review

Pop artist Roy Lichtenstein magnified images from _____ on large canvases.

comics

According to the optical theories of chemist Michel-Eugene Chevreul, when a person looks intently at a color and then shifts to a white area, the eye perceives the ______ color.

complementary

Typical of Northern Renaissance art, Dürer's Fall of Man (Adam and Eve) includes lots of which of the following?

detail and symbolism

Surrealists wanted to capture the _____ in art.​

dream world

What does the word 'fin-de-siecle' mean?

end of the century

Donatello carved his Saint Mark on Or San Michele for the _____.​

guild of linen makers and tailors

Why did Whistler give many of his pieces titles like 'arrangement' or 'nocturne?'

he wanted to create harmonies with paint parallel to those achieved in music

For the last several decades of his life, Claude Monet turned to this as his primary subject in his art:

his own garden

In all of his work, Michelangelo focused most of his attention on this:

human figures

The destruction of religious images that occurred during the Protestant Reformation is called _____.​

iconoclasm

This iconography was frequently explored by Symbolists:

imaginary or fantasy subjects

Renoir is most famous for his depictions of what?

leisure activities of upper-middle class

Although Ghiberti won the competition for the doors of the Florence baptistery on his stylistic principles, his _____ may have also helped him win

more inexpensive technique

Jan Van Eyck's Arnolfini Portrait contains many symbols. Which of the following is an allusion to fidelity?

the dog

This type of artwork reminds the viewer of life's transcience and the emptiness of material possessions:

vanitas

_____, who invented the science of perspective, may have collaborated with Masaccio on his Holy Trinity.​

​Brunelleschi

In the _____, Andrea Mantegna completed the first consistently illusionistic decoration of an entire room.

​Camera Picta

The first known northern European self-portrait by a woman is by _____.​

​Caterina van Hemessen

Philip the Bold's most extensive artistic commission was the _____.​

​Chartreuse de Champmol

_____ artists reduced the formal elements to simple geometric shapes.​

​De Stijl

Kandinsky and Marc named their Expressionist movement _____ because of their interest in the color blue and horses.​

​Der Blaue Reiter

Artists of _____ critiqued the negative aspects of German society at the beginning of the 20th century.​

​Die Brücke

_____ introduced the classical principle of weight shift into Renaissance statuary.​

​Donatello

______ photographed the rural poor who were displaced by the Great Depression in the 1930s.

​Dorothea Lange

_____ has been identified as the artist who introduced the different approach of Venetian art.​

​Giorgione da Castelfranco

_____ was a Dominican preacher who denounced the Medici and the materialistic culture in Florence.​

​Girolamo Savonarola

Johann Winckelmann, the first art historian, identified _____ as the most perfect art form ever made.​

​Greek art

Artists of the _____ created art that celebrated the cultural history of African Americans.​

​Harlem Renaissance

The Realist artist ____ was a defender of the urban working class.​

​Honoré Daumier

_____ was the first Flemish artist to receive international fame.​

​Jan van Eyck

The Russian artist _____ developed a purely abstract style called Suprematism.​

​Kazimir Malevich

_____ is the architect credited with breaking from the Christian building tradition that had been established for a thousand years in his design for Sant'Andrea

​Leon Battista Alberti

_____ expanded the illusionistic capabilities of manuscript illumination.​

​Limbourg Brothers

Which of the following artists developed the theory of Neoplasticism, or the new pure plastic art?​

​Mondrian

In the wake of the French Revolution, _____ seized power in France.​

​Napoleon

The art of Jaune Quick-to-See Smith focuses largely on the concerns of _____.

​Native Americans

​_____ is the artistic movement that incorporated the subjects and styles of ancient art.

​Neoclassicism

Pope Julius II made the decision to replace _____.​

​Old Saint Peter's

Along with the doors of Florence's baptistery, the decoration of _____ was a major artistic project in 15th-century Florence.​

​Or San Michele

The European curiosity about non-Western cultures is called _____.​

​Orientalism

_____ by Jacques-Germain Soufflot demonstrates a revived interest in Classical architecture in France.

​Panthéon

______ wanted Neoclassicism as the national architectural style of America.​

​Thomas Jefferson

The artist Caspar David Friedrich believed that closeness with nature would lead to _____.​

​a better understanding of God

The humanist interests in Italy contributed to the popularity of _____ subject matter.​

​classical or mythological

Jeff Koons's success in the art world relies on his knowledge of _____.​

​consumer culture

To celebrate the achievements of women, Judy Chicago used _____ to create The Dinner Party.​

​craft techniques

Cubism dismissed the centuries-old Western belief that art had to _____.​

​describe reality

The members of the French Academy who followed Poussin believed that the most important element of art was _____.​

​form

Jackson Pollock's art best exemplifies _____ of Abstract Expressionism.​

​gestural abstraction

Frank Stella was a leading artist in the branch of Post-Painterly Abstraction called _____

​hard-edge painting

Romantic artists advocated for freedom and placed _____ over reason.​

​imagination

According to Jacques-Louis David, the subjects of artworks should be historical events to _____.​

​inspire patriotism

One device used in Grand Manner portraiture was to elevate the sitter by _____.​

​making the person large relative to the canvas

Botero's images of tortured Iraqi prisoners resemble images of _____.​

​martyred saints

The subject of Rogier van der Weyden's image of Saint Luke Drawing the Virgin was especially appropriate for the _____, which probably commissioned it.​

​painter's guild

Berlin Dada artists created a variation on collage called _____.​

​photomontage

By including the donors, Ghent Altarpiece and Mérode Altarpiece marked a significant revival of _____.​

​portraiture

The Enlightenment's emphasis on _____ contributed to the renewed interest in classical antiquity.

​rationality

Jenny Saville's most characteristic artworks are _____.​

​self-portraits

Minimalist artist Donald Judd created many of his artworks using _____.

​stacked geometric boxes

Alberti modeled the facade of the Palazzo Rucellai on _____.​

​the Colosseum

Although Dada artists did not share a particular style, they generally embraced _____.​

​the element of absurdity

British visitors on the Grand Tour purchased scenic views of Venice called _____.​

​vedute

The only valid subjects in Realism were _____.​

​what could be seen

What event inspired Picasso to paint Guernica?​

Nazi bombing of Guernica, capital of the Basque region

The German movement known as _____ aimed to present an objective image of the world.​

Neue Sachlichkeit

In the 1950s the center of the Western art world shifted from Paris to _____

New York

The start of the Protestant Reformation is marked by a posting of objections against the Church in 1517. This was called:

Ninety-Five Theses

_____ were an especially popular art form in Flanders in the early 15th century.​

Oil paintings

Who said that the goal was "to do Poussin over entirely from nature . . in the open air, with color and light, instead of . . . in a studio?"

Paul Cezanne

After having numerous works rejected by the 1855 Salon, Gustave Courbet set up his own exhibition called _____.

Pavilion of Realism

Shahzia Sikander's work is often influenced by _____.​

Persian miniatures

Which painter is credited with fusing the monumental styles of Renaissance masters like Michelangelo with the drama and religious fervor of Italian Baroque painters like Caravaggio?

Peter Paul Rubens

Who said it? "I have tried to express the terrible passions of humanity by means of red and green."

Vincent Van Gogh

_____ was the founder of Bauhaus.​

Walter Gropius

After a fire, the Houses of Parliament were rebuilt in _____ style.​

a Neo-Gothic

The artist Caspar David Friedrich believed that closeness with nature would lead to _____.​

a better understanding of God

Performance Art challenged art's function as _____.​

a commodity

Which of the following are true of Michelangelo's Pietà (1498-1500)?

-Michelangelo focused on creating implied textures throughout the work through his manipulation of the marble. -Mary is depicted youthful in order to emphasize her purity.

Which of the following is true about Judith Leyster's Self-Portrait, c. 1630?

-It is similar to portraits of Frans Hals which might suggest that she studied with him. -In this self-portrait, she originally depicted herself painting a self-portrait but changed it to a painting of the Merry Company.

The plan of El Escorial is supposedly based on the _____.​

gridiron of St. Lawrence

Leonardo da Vinci's 15,000 notebook pages tell us which of the following?

-He was a Renaissance man who was interested in everything from engineering to geography. -He considered himself a scientist and his careful studies of plants, optics, and more were used to inform his art. -He was fascinated by the human body.

The Mona Lisa is an important portrait due to the many conventions it breaks. Which of the following sets it apart from early portraits?

-She is set against a strange, unidentified landscape. -She does not have any obvious trappings of wealth that demonstrate her status in society. -She looks directly at the viewer.

Which of the following are true about The Virgin of the Rocks (both versions)?

-The Virgin Mary shows her humility by being seated on the ground. -The work is unified through the pyramidal arrangement and the gestures that create a circular area around the figures. -Leonardo shows his close attention to geology and botany.

Why was papal authority challenged, leading to the Protestant Reformation?

-Theologians did not approve of the sale of indulgences. -Theologians did not approve of the nepotism that occurred. -Theologians believed that the Church was focused on material things rather than spiritual growth and the lessons of the Bible

Which of the following were shocking or considered scandalous for viewers and critics when they saw Manet's Olympia?

-her defiant gaze -the rough brushstrokes -the maid -her nudity emphasized by the black ribbon and flower in her hair

What confused or surprised viewers and critics of Manet's A Bar at the Folies-Bergere?

-the woman's detached expression -the composition with the reflection in the mirror -A barmaid depicted in a large-scale work

The exacting and detailed style of Hans Holbein is consistent with _____.​

15th-century Flemish art

The first American avant-garde movement was _____.

Abstract Expressionism

Aaron Douglas embraced the aims of the Harlem Renaissance by incorporating motifs from _____ in his art.​

African sculpture

This artist achieved international celebrity (the first artist of the North to do this), as well as great wealth.

Albrecht Dürer

The manner in which Bleeding Takari II by El Anatsui moves makes it similar to the artworks of _____.​

Alexander Calder

____ created a new kind of sculpture by hanging abstract colored forms on wire.​

Alexander Calder

The first phase of Cubism is called _____.​

Analytic Cubism

According to the video, Leonardo Da Vinci was a pupil of which artist?

Andrea del Verrochio

Which of the following Baroque artists was a follower of Caravaggio?

Artemesia Gentileschi

Who said it? "the sculptor must learn to reproduce the surface, which means all that vibrates on the surface, soul, love, passion, life . . . "

Auguste Rodin

What is Edmund Burke's definition of the sublime?

Awe mixed with terror

_____ is the type of Surrealism that consists largely of abstract shapes.​

Biomorphic Surrealism

Used for the reciting of prayers, _____ were prized possessions of the aristocracy.​

Books of Hours

Which of the following cities was the most favored by the Burgundian court?

Bruges

One characteristic of Baroque art is the naturalistic depiction of people. Even religious scenes might include figures in the guise of everyday people -- unidealized and ordinary. This is especially evident in the work of which two artists?

Caravaggio and Velazquez

_____ created temporary artworks that modified the landscape.

Christo and Jeanne-Claude

______ artists poured diluted paint onto a canvas and allowed it to soak in.

Color-field

The portrait of the famed condottiere _____ was the first to rival imperial mounted portraits.​

Gattamelata

A symbol of the Republic, Florence commissioned Michelangelo to sculpt _____ for the Palazzo della Signoria.​

David

Donatello's _____ was the first nude statue since ancient times.​

David

_____ was painted by David to help provide encouragement to revolutionary forces in France.​

Death of Marat

The first group of German Expressionist artists called themselves _____.​

Die Brücke

Which of the following geographic regions was Protestant during the 17th century?

Dutch Republic

What highly unusual material did Chris Ofili use on his painting The Holy Virgin Mary?​

Elephant dung

Which artist is known for painting on irregular supports, foregoing traditional rectangular panels and canvases?

Elizabeth Murray

Which art form stands at the intersection of architecture and sculpture?​

Environmental Art

True or False: Impressionism was a term coined by Claude Monet to describe the sketchy quality and undisguised brushstrokes of his work.

False

In her photographs the artist Shirin Neshat often covers her face and body parts in _____.​

Farsi messages

In the employment of bright colors for expressive ends, _____ was influenced by Van Gogh and Gauguin.​

Fauvism

Artists of the _____ created art that celebrated the cultural history of African Americans.​

Harlem Renaissance

Which architectural movement uses new technology?​

High-Tech

Unlike in earlier depictions of the Last Supper, Leonardo's version of the story does this:

Includes Judas on the same side of the table as Christ

Maya Lin's Vietnam Veterans Memorial is reminiscent of _____ in its simple geometric form.

Minimalism

Degas's sculpture of a young ballet dancer, Little Dancer Aged Fourteen, shocked some for this reason:

It was considered "frightful," "ugly," and "depraved."

Which Dutch Baroque painter specialized in domestic interior scenes?

Jan Vermeer

This "warrior-pope" commissioned artworks in order to promote both his rule and the authority of the Church.

Julius II

This female Expressionist is known for her emotional images of a mother with her child.

Käthe Kollwitz

Aspects of the narrative and creation of depth in Lorenzo Ghiberti's Gates of Paradise were based on ideas from _____.​

Leon Battista Alberti's On Painting

After departing from Florence, Leonardo entered the service of _____ in Milan.​

Ludovico Sforza

_____ became famous for her photographs of the triumphs of 20th-century engineering.​

Margaret Bourke-White

The ideas of _____ eventually led to a prolonged war between Protestants and Catholics.​

Martin Luther

She was the only American to become an official part of the Impressionist group.

Mary Cassatt

The leading patron of 15th-century Florence was the _____.​

Medici family

Who are the two central figures in Raphael's School of Athens?

Plato and Aristotle

British art critic Lawrence Alloway coined the term _____ to refer to artists who combined mass consumer culture with familiar imagery from everyday life

Pop Art

Which artist was almost as famous for his prints as he was for his paintings?

Rembrandt

What institution was founded in France in 1648 with the goal of establishing a 'classical style' of painting and sculpture as the preferred French type?

Royal Academy

Striving for optical accuracy, ____ artists often used photographs as sources

Superrealist

The designer of the Eiffel Tower was also responsible for the interior armature for what structure?

The Statue of Liberty

Leonardo's Last Supper and the Virgin of the Rocks, and Raphael's Madonna in the Meadow, all share this in common.

The use of a pyramid or triangle to create order and stability.

True or False: In Jean Fouquet's Diptych, the French King Charles VII's mistress was the (nude) model for the Virgin Mary.

True

True or False: The idea of the artist as genius originated in Renaissance Italy.

True

During the 17th century, the powerful French king Louis XIV spent lavishly to expand his palace at which location?

Versailles

Conceptual artists deemed the _____ to be more important than their final product

artist's ideas

Embraced by the artist Mìro, _____ was the creation of art without conscious control.​

automatism

The organic quality of Louise Bourgeois's art recalls _____.

biomorphic Surrealism

The long white drips found on Kiki Smith's sculptures refer to _____.​

bodily fluids

The new economic system, _____, emerged in its early phase in the 15th century.​

capitalism

Brancusi's chief aim in his sculpture was to capture the _____ of his subject.​

essence

Faith Ringgold used _____ as an artistic medium to reference the domestic sphere.

fabric

true or false: All paintings from the Baroque period were painted in the Baroque style.

false

Jasper Johns's artworks commonly featured ordinary objects, including _____.​

flags

The poor condition of Leonardo's Last Supper can be attributed to his experimentation with painting on dry plaster and using the following media

oil and tempera paints

The development of the one-man show (an art exhibition featuring the work of a single artist) in the late 19th century led to this:

painting in series (painting one motif repeatedly)

El Escorial is a _____.​

palace and monastery

The French _____ argued that society could improve by applying reason to problems.​

philosophes

Venetian painting is generally described by scholars as _____.​

poetic

Georges Seurat is credited for inventing what artistic style?

pointillism

What is the term for a representation of a specific individual?

portrait

Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin specialized in painting _____.​

quiet domestic scenes

Championed by Duchamp, _____ were mass-produced objects selected by the artist.​

readymades

French social gatherings took place in the _____ of townhouses.

salon

Michelangelo believed that this was the superior art form.

sculpture

Possibly inspiring the name of the style, _____ were a principal motif in Rococo interior decoration.

shells

Taking influence from natural forms, Frank Lloyd Wright's Guggenheim Museum was based on the _____

spiral of a snail's shell

What is the term for a painting of a group of inanimate objects?

still life

What was Louis XIV's nickname?

sun king

Caravaggio's use of an extreme contrast of light and shadow in his paintings adds a Baroque drama to his works. What is the term for this approach to light/dark?

tenebrism

Alberti modeled the facade of the Palazzo Rucellai on _____.​

the Colosseum

Artists during the Renaissance had to satisfy the demands of:

the patron

Vincent van Gogh's Starry Night was inspired in part by this:

the view from a hospital in Saint-Remy

In Vermeer's Woman Holding a Balance, we learn that the vanishing point is which of the following?

the woman's little finger

Judy Chicago's The Dinner Party takes the form of a _____ because of its ancient association with women and the goddess.

triangle

The only valid subjects in Realism were _____.​

what could be seen

_____ is a feminist artist who used the look of advertising in her artworks.​

​ Barbara Kruger

These artists believed that reason had led to the destruction caused by World War I:

​ Dada

In his Napoleon Visiting the Plague-Stricken in Jaffa, Gros borrowed the arcaded backdrop from _____.​

​ David's Oath of the Horatii

Albrecht Dürer is considered to be the first artist north of the Alps to understand the principles of _____.​

​ Italian Renaissance art

The poses of Adam and Eve in Dürer's Fall of Man (Adam and Eve) were based on _____.​

​ ancient statues

Quinten Massys's Money-Changer and His Wife warns viewers to _____.​

​ balance worldly and spiritual concerns

Eakins's The Gross Clinic was rejected by critics for being too _____.​

​ brutal

Géricault criticized the rigidity of the Neoclassical style and instead injected _____ into his artwork.

​ drama and emotion

Robert Mapplethorpe's court case revolved around the idea of _____.

​ freedom of expression for artists

Frank Gehry referred to form of the Guggenheim Bilbao as a _____.​

​ metallic flower

The _____ of Hogarth's paintings were a uniquely English trait.​

​ moral overtones

Invented by Watteau, fête galante paintings had _____ as their subjects.

​ outdoor amusements of aristocrats

Edward Hopper's Nighthawks communicates the _____.​

​ pervasive loneliness of modern humans

Leonardo is well-known for using a technique in which he blurred contours, removed hard edges, and created a "smokiness" that allowed him to blend figures realistically into their surroundings. What is the term for this technique?

​ sfumato

In America in the 19th century, _____ specialized in landscape painting.​

​ the Hudson River School

In his Assumption of the Virgin, Titian used _____ to increase the dramatic effects.​

​ vibrant color

The striated faces of some of the female figures in Les Desmoiselles d'Avignon were influenced by _____.​

​African art

Timothy O'Sullivan documented which of the following wars?

​American Civil War

Timothy O'Sullivan documented which of the following wars?​

​American Civil War

____ is the painter most closely associated with the French Rococo style.​

​Antoine Watteau

_____ was the leading painter of scenic views of Venice.​

​Antonio Canaletto

What is Edmund Burke's definition of the sublime?​

​Awe mixed with terror

The spiritual interests of _____ encouraged him to make multimedia works that encourage the spectator to be introspective.​

​Bill Viola