Exam Review
Pop artist Roy Lichtenstein magnified images from _____ on large canvases.
comics
According to the optical theories of chemist Michel-Eugene Chevreul, when a person looks intently at a color and then shifts to a white area, the eye perceives the ______ color.
complementary
Typical of Northern Renaissance art, Dürer's Fall of Man (Adam and Eve) includes lots of which of the following?
detail and symbolism
Surrealists wanted to capture the _____ in art.
dream world
What does the word 'fin-de-siecle' mean?
end of the century
Donatello carved his Saint Mark on Or San Michele for the _____.
guild of linen makers and tailors
Why did Whistler give many of his pieces titles like 'arrangement' or 'nocturne?'
he wanted to create harmonies with paint parallel to those achieved in music
For the last several decades of his life, Claude Monet turned to this as his primary subject in his art:
his own garden
In all of his work, Michelangelo focused most of his attention on this:
human figures
The destruction of religious images that occurred during the Protestant Reformation is called _____.
iconoclasm
This iconography was frequently explored by Symbolists:
imaginary or fantasy subjects
Renoir is most famous for his depictions of what?
leisure activities of upper-middle class
Although Ghiberti won the competition for the doors of the Florence baptistery on his stylistic principles, his _____ may have also helped him win
more inexpensive technique
Jan Van Eyck's Arnolfini Portrait contains many symbols. Which of the following is an allusion to fidelity?
the dog
This type of artwork reminds the viewer of life's transcience and the emptiness of material possessions:
vanitas
_____, who invented the science of perspective, may have collaborated with Masaccio on his Holy Trinity.
Brunelleschi
In the _____, Andrea Mantegna completed the first consistently illusionistic decoration of an entire room.
Camera Picta
The first known northern European self-portrait by a woman is by _____.
Caterina van Hemessen
Philip the Bold's most extensive artistic commission was the _____.
Chartreuse de Champmol
_____ artists reduced the formal elements to simple geometric shapes.
De Stijl
Kandinsky and Marc named their Expressionist movement _____ because of their interest in the color blue and horses.
Der Blaue Reiter
Artists of _____ critiqued the negative aspects of German society at the beginning of the 20th century.
Die Brücke
_____ introduced the classical principle of weight shift into Renaissance statuary.
Donatello
______ photographed the rural poor who were displaced by the Great Depression in the 1930s.
Dorothea Lange
_____ has been identified as the artist who introduced the different approach of Venetian art.
Giorgione da Castelfranco
_____ was a Dominican preacher who denounced the Medici and the materialistic culture in Florence.
Girolamo Savonarola
Johann Winckelmann, the first art historian, identified _____ as the most perfect art form ever made.
Greek art
Artists of the _____ created art that celebrated the cultural history of African Americans.
Harlem Renaissance
The Realist artist ____ was a defender of the urban working class.
Honoré Daumier
_____ was the first Flemish artist to receive international fame.
Jan van Eyck
The Russian artist _____ developed a purely abstract style called Suprematism.
Kazimir Malevich
_____ is the architect credited with breaking from the Christian building tradition that had been established for a thousand years in his design for Sant'Andrea
Leon Battista Alberti
_____ expanded the illusionistic capabilities of manuscript illumination.
Limbourg Brothers
Which of the following artists developed the theory of Neoplasticism, or the new pure plastic art?
Mondrian
In the wake of the French Revolution, _____ seized power in France.
Napoleon
The art of Jaune Quick-to-See Smith focuses largely on the concerns of _____.
Native Americans
_____ is the artistic movement that incorporated the subjects and styles of ancient art.
Neoclassicism
Pope Julius II made the decision to replace _____.
Old Saint Peter's
Along with the doors of Florence's baptistery, the decoration of _____ was a major artistic project in 15th-century Florence.
Or San Michele
The European curiosity about non-Western cultures is called _____.
Orientalism
_____ by Jacques-Germain Soufflot demonstrates a revived interest in Classical architecture in France.
Panthéon
______ wanted Neoclassicism as the national architectural style of America.
Thomas Jefferson
The artist Caspar David Friedrich believed that closeness with nature would lead to _____.
a better understanding of God
The humanist interests in Italy contributed to the popularity of _____ subject matter.
classical or mythological
Jeff Koons's success in the art world relies on his knowledge of _____.
consumer culture
To celebrate the achievements of women, Judy Chicago used _____ to create The Dinner Party.
craft techniques
Cubism dismissed the centuries-old Western belief that art had to _____.
describe reality
The members of the French Academy who followed Poussin believed that the most important element of art was _____.
form
Jackson Pollock's art best exemplifies _____ of Abstract Expressionism.
gestural abstraction
Frank Stella was a leading artist in the branch of Post-Painterly Abstraction called _____
hard-edge painting
Romantic artists advocated for freedom and placed _____ over reason.
imagination
According to Jacques-Louis David, the subjects of artworks should be historical events to _____.
inspire patriotism
One device used in Grand Manner portraiture was to elevate the sitter by _____.
making the person large relative to the canvas
Botero's images of tortured Iraqi prisoners resemble images of _____.
martyred saints
The subject of Rogier van der Weyden's image of Saint Luke Drawing the Virgin was especially appropriate for the _____, which probably commissioned it.
painter's guild
Berlin Dada artists created a variation on collage called _____.
photomontage
By including the donors, Ghent Altarpiece and Mérode Altarpiece marked a significant revival of _____.
portraiture
The Enlightenment's emphasis on _____ contributed to the renewed interest in classical antiquity.
rationality
Jenny Saville's most characteristic artworks are _____.
self-portraits
Minimalist artist Donald Judd created many of his artworks using _____.
stacked geometric boxes
Alberti modeled the facade of the Palazzo Rucellai on _____.
the Colosseum
Although Dada artists did not share a particular style, they generally embraced _____.
the element of absurdity
British visitors on the Grand Tour purchased scenic views of Venice called _____.
vedute
The only valid subjects in Realism were _____.
what could be seen
What event inspired Picasso to paint Guernica?
Nazi bombing of Guernica, capital of the Basque region
The German movement known as _____ aimed to present an objective image of the world.
Neue Sachlichkeit
In the 1950s the center of the Western art world shifted from Paris to _____
New York
The start of the Protestant Reformation is marked by a posting of objections against the Church in 1517. This was called:
Ninety-Five Theses
_____ were an especially popular art form in Flanders in the early 15th century.
Oil paintings
Who said that the goal was "to do Poussin over entirely from nature . . in the open air, with color and light, instead of . . . in a studio?"
Paul Cezanne
After having numerous works rejected by the 1855 Salon, Gustave Courbet set up his own exhibition called _____.
Pavilion of Realism
Shahzia Sikander's work is often influenced by _____.
Persian miniatures
Which painter is credited with fusing the monumental styles of Renaissance masters like Michelangelo with the drama and religious fervor of Italian Baroque painters like Caravaggio?
Peter Paul Rubens
Who said it? "I have tried to express the terrible passions of humanity by means of red and green."
Vincent Van Gogh
_____ was the founder of Bauhaus.
Walter Gropius
After a fire, the Houses of Parliament were rebuilt in _____ style.
a Neo-Gothic
The artist Caspar David Friedrich believed that closeness with nature would lead to _____.
a better understanding of God
Performance Art challenged art's function as _____.
a commodity
Which of the following are true of Michelangelo's Pietà (1498-1500)?
-Michelangelo focused on creating implied textures throughout the work through his manipulation of the marble. -Mary is depicted youthful in order to emphasize her purity.
Which of the following is true about Judith Leyster's Self-Portrait, c. 1630?
-It is similar to portraits of Frans Hals which might suggest that she studied with him. -In this self-portrait, she originally depicted herself painting a self-portrait but changed it to a painting of the Merry Company.
The plan of El Escorial is supposedly based on the _____.
gridiron of St. Lawrence
Leonardo da Vinci's 15,000 notebook pages tell us which of the following?
-He was a Renaissance man who was interested in everything from engineering to geography. -He considered himself a scientist and his careful studies of plants, optics, and more were used to inform his art. -He was fascinated by the human body.
The Mona Lisa is an important portrait due to the many conventions it breaks. Which of the following sets it apart from early portraits?
-She is set against a strange, unidentified landscape. -She does not have any obvious trappings of wealth that demonstrate her status in society. -She looks directly at the viewer.
Which of the following are true about The Virgin of the Rocks (both versions)?
-The Virgin Mary shows her humility by being seated on the ground. -The work is unified through the pyramidal arrangement and the gestures that create a circular area around the figures. -Leonardo shows his close attention to geology and botany.
Why was papal authority challenged, leading to the Protestant Reformation?
-Theologians did not approve of the sale of indulgences. -Theologians did not approve of the nepotism that occurred. -Theologians believed that the Church was focused on material things rather than spiritual growth and the lessons of the Bible
Which of the following were shocking or considered scandalous for viewers and critics when they saw Manet's Olympia?
-her defiant gaze -the rough brushstrokes -the maid -her nudity emphasized by the black ribbon and flower in her hair
What confused or surprised viewers and critics of Manet's A Bar at the Folies-Bergere?
-the woman's detached expression -the composition with the reflection in the mirror -A barmaid depicted in a large-scale work
The exacting and detailed style of Hans Holbein is consistent with _____.
15th-century Flemish art
The first American avant-garde movement was _____.
Abstract Expressionism
Aaron Douglas embraced the aims of the Harlem Renaissance by incorporating motifs from _____ in his art.
African sculpture
This artist achieved international celebrity (the first artist of the North to do this), as well as great wealth.
Albrecht Dürer
The manner in which Bleeding Takari II by El Anatsui moves makes it similar to the artworks of _____.
Alexander Calder
____ created a new kind of sculpture by hanging abstract colored forms on wire.
Alexander Calder
The first phase of Cubism is called _____.
Analytic Cubism
According to the video, Leonardo Da Vinci was a pupil of which artist?
Andrea del Verrochio
Which of the following Baroque artists was a follower of Caravaggio?
Artemesia Gentileschi
Who said it? "the sculptor must learn to reproduce the surface, which means all that vibrates on the surface, soul, love, passion, life . . . "
Auguste Rodin
What is Edmund Burke's definition of the sublime?
Awe mixed with terror
_____ is the type of Surrealism that consists largely of abstract shapes.
Biomorphic Surrealism
Used for the reciting of prayers, _____ were prized possessions of the aristocracy.
Books of Hours
Which of the following cities was the most favored by the Burgundian court?
Bruges
One characteristic of Baroque art is the naturalistic depiction of people. Even religious scenes might include figures in the guise of everyday people -- unidealized and ordinary. This is especially evident in the work of which two artists?
Caravaggio and Velazquez
_____ created temporary artworks that modified the landscape.
Christo and Jeanne-Claude
______ artists poured diluted paint onto a canvas and allowed it to soak in.
Color-field
The portrait of the famed condottiere _____ was the first to rival imperial mounted portraits.
Gattamelata
A symbol of the Republic, Florence commissioned Michelangelo to sculpt _____ for the Palazzo della Signoria.
David
Donatello's _____ was the first nude statue since ancient times.
David
_____ was painted by David to help provide encouragement to revolutionary forces in France.
Death of Marat
The first group of German Expressionist artists called themselves _____.
Die Brücke
Which of the following geographic regions was Protestant during the 17th century?
Dutch Republic
What highly unusual material did Chris Ofili use on his painting The Holy Virgin Mary?
Elephant dung
Which artist is known for painting on irregular supports, foregoing traditional rectangular panels and canvases?
Elizabeth Murray
Which art form stands at the intersection of architecture and sculpture?
Environmental Art
True or False: Impressionism was a term coined by Claude Monet to describe the sketchy quality and undisguised brushstrokes of his work.
False
In her photographs the artist Shirin Neshat often covers her face and body parts in _____.
Farsi messages
In the employment of bright colors for expressive ends, _____ was influenced by Van Gogh and Gauguin.
Fauvism
Artists of the _____ created art that celebrated the cultural history of African Americans.
Harlem Renaissance
Which architectural movement uses new technology?
High-Tech
Unlike in earlier depictions of the Last Supper, Leonardo's version of the story does this:
Includes Judas on the same side of the table as Christ
Maya Lin's Vietnam Veterans Memorial is reminiscent of _____ in its simple geometric form.
Minimalism
Degas's sculpture of a young ballet dancer, Little Dancer Aged Fourteen, shocked some for this reason:
It was considered "frightful," "ugly," and "depraved."
Which Dutch Baroque painter specialized in domestic interior scenes?
Jan Vermeer
This "warrior-pope" commissioned artworks in order to promote both his rule and the authority of the Church.
Julius II
This female Expressionist is known for her emotional images of a mother with her child.
Käthe Kollwitz
Aspects of the narrative and creation of depth in Lorenzo Ghiberti's Gates of Paradise were based on ideas from _____.
Leon Battista Alberti's On Painting
After departing from Florence, Leonardo entered the service of _____ in Milan.
Ludovico Sforza
_____ became famous for her photographs of the triumphs of 20th-century engineering.
Margaret Bourke-White
The ideas of _____ eventually led to a prolonged war between Protestants and Catholics.
Martin Luther
She was the only American to become an official part of the Impressionist group.
Mary Cassatt
The leading patron of 15th-century Florence was the _____.
Medici family
Who are the two central figures in Raphael's School of Athens?
Plato and Aristotle
British art critic Lawrence Alloway coined the term _____ to refer to artists who combined mass consumer culture with familiar imagery from everyday life
Pop Art
Which artist was almost as famous for his prints as he was for his paintings?
Rembrandt
What institution was founded in France in 1648 with the goal of establishing a 'classical style' of painting and sculpture as the preferred French type?
Royal Academy
Striving for optical accuracy, ____ artists often used photographs as sources
Superrealist
The designer of the Eiffel Tower was also responsible for the interior armature for what structure?
The Statue of Liberty
Leonardo's Last Supper and the Virgin of the Rocks, and Raphael's Madonna in the Meadow, all share this in common.
The use of a pyramid or triangle to create order and stability.
True or False: In Jean Fouquet's Diptych, the French King Charles VII's mistress was the (nude) model for the Virgin Mary.
True
True or False: The idea of the artist as genius originated in Renaissance Italy.
True
During the 17th century, the powerful French king Louis XIV spent lavishly to expand his palace at which location?
Versailles
Conceptual artists deemed the _____ to be more important than their final product
artist's ideas
Embraced by the artist Mìro, _____ was the creation of art without conscious control.
automatism
The organic quality of Louise Bourgeois's art recalls _____.
biomorphic Surrealism
The long white drips found on Kiki Smith's sculptures refer to _____.
bodily fluids
The new economic system, _____, emerged in its early phase in the 15th century.
capitalism
Brancusi's chief aim in his sculpture was to capture the _____ of his subject.
essence
Faith Ringgold used _____ as an artistic medium to reference the domestic sphere.
fabric
true or false: All paintings from the Baroque period were painted in the Baroque style.
false
Jasper Johns's artworks commonly featured ordinary objects, including _____.
flags
The poor condition of Leonardo's Last Supper can be attributed to his experimentation with painting on dry plaster and using the following media
oil and tempera paints
The development of the one-man show (an art exhibition featuring the work of a single artist) in the late 19th century led to this:
painting in series (painting one motif repeatedly)
El Escorial is a _____.
palace and monastery
The French _____ argued that society could improve by applying reason to problems.
philosophes
Venetian painting is generally described by scholars as _____.
poetic
Georges Seurat is credited for inventing what artistic style?
pointillism
What is the term for a representation of a specific individual?
portrait
Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin specialized in painting _____.
quiet domestic scenes
Championed by Duchamp, _____ were mass-produced objects selected by the artist.
readymades
French social gatherings took place in the _____ of townhouses.
salon
Michelangelo believed that this was the superior art form.
sculpture
Possibly inspiring the name of the style, _____ were a principal motif in Rococo interior decoration.
shells
Taking influence from natural forms, Frank Lloyd Wright's Guggenheim Museum was based on the _____
spiral of a snail's shell
What is the term for a painting of a group of inanimate objects?
still life
What was Louis XIV's nickname?
sun king
Caravaggio's use of an extreme contrast of light and shadow in his paintings adds a Baroque drama to his works. What is the term for this approach to light/dark?
tenebrism
Alberti modeled the facade of the Palazzo Rucellai on _____.
the Colosseum
Artists during the Renaissance had to satisfy the demands of:
the patron
Vincent van Gogh's Starry Night was inspired in part by this:
the view from a hospital in Saint-Remy
In Vermeer's Woman Holding a Balance, we learn that the vanishing point is which of the following?
the woman's little finger
Judy Chicago's The Dinner Party takes the form of a _____ because of its ancient association with women and the goddess.
triangle
The only valid subjects in Realism were _____.
what could be seen
_____ is a feminist artist who used the look of advertising in her artworks.
Barbara Kruger
These artists believed that reason had led to the destruction caused by World War I:
Dada
In his Napoleon Visiting the Plague-Stricken in Jaffa, Gros borrowed the arcaded backdrop from _____.
David's Oath of the Horatii
Albrecht Dürer is considered to be the first artist north of the Alps to understand the principles of _____.
Italian Renaissance art
The poses of Adam and Eve in Dürer's Fall of Man (Adam and Eve) were based on _____.
ancient statues
Quinten Massys's Money-Changer and His Wife warns viewers to _____.
balance worldly and spiritual concerns
Eakins's The Gross Clinic was rejected by critics for being too _____.
brutal
Géricault criticized the rigidity of the Neoclassical style and instead injected _____ into his artwork.
drama and emotion
Robert Mapplethorpe's court case revolved around the idea of _____.
freedom of expression for artists
Frank Gehry referred to form of the Guggenheim Bilbao as a _____.
metallic flower
The _____ of Hogarth's paintings were a uniquely English trait.
moral overtones
Invented by Watteau, fête galante paintings had _____ as their subjects.
outdoor amusements of aristocrats
Edward Hopper's Nighthawks communicates the _____.
pervasive loneliness of modern humans
Leonardo is well-known for using a technique in which he blurred contours, removed hard edges, and created a "smokiness" that allowed him to blend figures realistically into their surroundings. What is the term for this technique?
sfumato
In America in the 19th century, _____ specialized in landscape painting.
the Hudson River School
In his Assumption of the Virgin, Titian used _____ to increase the dramatic effects.
vibrant color
The striated faces of some of the female figures in Les Desmoiselles d'Avignon were influenced by _____.
African art
Timothy O'Sullivan documented which of the following wars?
American Civil War
Timothy O'Sullivan documented which of the following wars?
American Civil War
____ is the painter most closely associated with the French Rococo style.
Antoine Watteau
_____ was the leading painter of scenic views of Venice.
Antonio Canaletto
What is Edmund Burke's definition of the sublime?
Awe mixed with terror
The spiritual interests of _____ encouraged him to make multimedia works that encourage the spectator to be introspective.
Bill Viola
