Exam three

What percentage of Chicano students graduated from American high schools? Why?

1 out of every 4, schools basically pushed them out, lack of resources

What does the term "pachuquísmo" mean, according to the article?

ethnic, generational and class based aspirations and is less evidently a question of gender, swaggering and aggressive sense of power and bravado.

How did the attempts of law enforcement to destroy the Chicano Movement ultimately make the movement grow stronger?

it made it stronger because the brutality and discrimination on the streets, in the universities, and in the high schools that were broadcasted on the news and gave more determination to chicanos

What was the Black Panther Party and how did it influence the Chicano Movement?

the black panthers was made up of black citizens who fought against discrimination and they influenced the chicanos to make the brown berets

What were the origins of the zoot suit? Where did it come from? What was zoot culture like before it was adopted by young Mexican Americans?

the origins of soot suit was the term "soot" which originated in the common circulation of urban jazz culture, mean something being worn or performed in a extravagant way.It came from the invention of harlem night life and jazz culture. It was a part of the african american culture.

Who planned the walkout?

the students at roosevelt high school

What did the zoot suit represent symbolically to the pachucas (both women and men, pachucas and pachucos) who wanted to wear the zoot suit and to Anglo American society who were suspicious of youth wearing the zoot suit?

the zoo suit represented symbolically to the pachucas that they were the "stewards of something uncomfortable", a spectacular reminder that the social order had failed to contain their energy and difference. To the anglo americans it represented young rioters and the symbol of moral panic about juvenile delinquency.

How did the press portray both male and female zoot suiters?

they saw them as delinquents and people who were trying to riot

What connections can you make between "subversive" and "rebellious" youth culture in the 1940s and youth culture now in the 21st century?*

they wanted to stand out and express their individuality and go against the norm which youth in this generation try to do

Who were the Black Widows?

they were the girls who were active in the Pachuca subculture who were accused of hiding and distributing drugs.

What kinds of tactics and strategies did the LAPD use to repress the Chicano movement? List 4-5 specific examples.

They charged groups, shooting tear gas and beating demonstrators with nightsticks, used their monopoly to the use of coerce force to harass, to intimidate and to arrest, to destroy the brow berets from within, to rebait, to discredit KMAX

How did the criminal justice system get involved?

They decided to hold a case and review demands

How did the school administrators explain the perception that they didn't care about their Chicano students?

They described they were making them cut out for college but they were actually just gearing them for the work force that most chicanos went into

What attitudes did the dominant Anglo American culture have towards Mexican American youth, especially during World War II?

They didn't like they had no subservience towards the law

How did young Mexican Americans express their individuality? What was their youth culture like? How did they see themselves?

They expressed their individuality by their appearance and mostly through the zoo suits, their culture was very expressive and portrayed delinquency.

How and why did parents get involved?

They met with teachers to conduct fair regulation

What role did education (both high schools and universities) play in the movement?

They played the role in protesting and having walkouts for the same facilities and resources as other schools in white areas

How were young Mexican American women (or pachucas) portrayed and perceived by the news media in this period?

They portrayed them just as dangerous as the boys.

What were the basic issues leading to the 1968 school boycott in East Los Angeles? How did the Los Angeles School Board react to the students initial attempts to improve the schools?

They wanted better education, and the sa,e rights as non chicanos, the school board dismissed their issues

What potential punishment did the East LA 13 face?

They were arrested on conspiracy theories and conspired charges

How did the police get involved, and how did they treat the protestors? Who was eventually arrested and on what charges?

They were called to "maintain order" they treated the protestors with violence and arrested. Sal castro was arrested and charged with conspiracy of riot

Describe the shame that Chicano students were experiencing in schools?

They were shamed for speaking spanish, and for their culture and food

How were Chicano students being tracked for their courses (sent into vocational classes versus college preparatory classes)?

They were tracked into work force or college education by their IQ but the chicanos were given poorer education so most just were prepped for the work force

Brown Berets? What was this group and what role did they play in the Walk Outs?

Were a chicano militant groups who backed up the students

How were pachuc@s targeted and treated during the riots?

The military men would re-establish their status and strip off their zoo suits and burn them and to cut their hair

What are the THREE biggest lessons our society in 2018 could learn from this history?

The school systems should be fair all around the united states, the protested that were held were peaceful and should be held higher in the view of police and discrimination should be not a problem any longer rights has to be fair

What was the Sleepy Lagoon Defense Committee? What was the outcome of the Sleepy Lagoon trial? And what happened to Hank Leyvas?

17 defendants were found guilty and hank was sentenced to life in prison, they were sent to a prison 400 miles away. the girls were also in trouble and sentences to Ventura school and wards for girls. Holly wood actors like rita Hayworth and political activists stepped up to make the sleepy lagoon defensive committee to give them justice.

How would you account for the high rate of participation? How many schools and students were ultimately involved in the boycott?

4,000 student and 16 high schools in east side la, altogether was 10,000 students

Brown Berets? Why did this group form? What were their goals?

A community based military group of militant youth similar to the black panthers, concentrated on issues of education, health care, and police brutality

How did Sal Castro's father experience of racism and prejudice impact Sal's own commitment to social justice?

Because he saw his father get deported, then he viewed the zoo suit riots and how they were being treated

How were the Zoot Suit riots a political statement AFTER the period of World War II?

Because it created the the case of the tomahawk kid and made the sleepy lagoon defense committee.

Why was the practice of banning the speaking of Spanish in school a cultural affront (insult) to Chicano students?

Because speaking Spanish was a cultural background and family background, it was who they are.

Who was Hank Leyvas? Why was he the main suspect in the murder of Jose Diaz?

Hank Leyvas was convicted as the "leader" in the killing of jose diaz because he was the biggest and the oldest looking.

Explain the tactic of a sit-in.

It doesn't violate the first admen dent and it was peaceful

Report on the details of the Sleepy Lagoon murder investigation -when, where, who, etc.

It happened in Los Angelos in mid 1942, there was a fight at a swimming hole that was a popular hangout, where someone happened to be killed.

What role did the media play such as KMEX and local East Los Angeles news media (television, newspapers, etc) play in the Chicano Movement (either FOR the movement or against it)?

It played the role for the movement because it shower more Mexican americans the violence that the police were inflicting on the young Mexican americans so it gave them more drive

What were the Zoot Suit Riots of 1943? What caused them? How were pachuc@s, military personnel and law enforcement involved?

It was caused by teenagers being left with out supervision due to parents working unsocial hours, these teenagers would form together late a night and throughout the day wearing their zoot suits which were viewed as difference. The military personnel was also on the rise. the riots were between black and Mexican youth and the military.

How was "delinquency" defined in the U.S. during World War II?

It was defined by minor crimes that juveniles would do, drugs, petty crimes and fashion.

How was the life and death of Ruben Salazar significant? GIVE THREE THINGS YOU LEARNED.

It was significant because he was the spokesperson on the news fighting for the chicano vs lapd discrimination. He was the one who made it foreknow to other chicanos giving them more determination to fight against the police. His death was significant because it showed that the police has killed him to stop broadcasting police violence

What kinds of political and social organizing did Chicanos use to better their circumstances and fight against oppression? List 4-5 specific examples.

Making clear their subordination, gave them more determination in voting, in litigating and in developing new institutions, and helped asset victims

What were traditional perceptions of mainstream America of Mexican-Americans according to Dr. Ernesto Galaraza?

That they were going to be challenged and although the perception was anything can happen to chicanos and its okay for them to fight back

Report on the Zoot Suit Riots - causes, context, duration, outcomes, etc.

The zoo suit riots were pachucos who wore zoo suits to express their individuality and suppress the law, this took place in east la and the military personnel came after them and tormented zoo suiters for not following laws.

How were pachuc@s, zoot suiters, between two worlds (the traditional Mexican culture of their parents and the Anglo American culture of the U.S.)?

There parents were more Mexican culture because they were afraid of being different because they could be stripped of everything but the second generation of pachuacas were more involved in petty crimes and flaunting their difference by the zoo suits

What was the Chicano Moratorium at Laguna Park, Aug. 29, 1970?

a protest demonstrated in east la, organized by rosario Munoz who protested the disproportionately high numbers of Mexican american casualties in the Vietnam war