Exam2 IA-Ch6
For a tangential knee projection (Merchant method), 1. an imaginary line connecting the femoral epicondyles is aligned parallel with the imaging table. 2. the medial condyles demonstrate more height than the lateral condyles. 3. the femorotibial joints are open. 4. the patient is instructed to relax the leg muscles
1 and 4 only
If the patient is unable to dorsiflex the foot to a vertical position for an axial calcaneus projection, the
image will demonstrate a foreshortened calcaneal tuberosity unless the central ray angle is increased over the routinely required angulation.
An optimal Intercondylar Fossa: AP Axial Projection (Béclère method) demonstrates
the patellar apex is proximal to the intercondylar fossa.
An accurately positioned PA axial knee projection (Holmblad method) demonstrates all of the following except
the patellar apex within the intercondylar fossa.
A less than optimal lateral foot projection demonstrating the lateral talar dome proximal to the medial talar dome
was obtained with the proximal lower leg elevated.
A less than optimal tangential knee projection (Merchant method) demonstrating the tibial tuberosities within the patellofemoral joint spaces
will result when the patient has large calves and the axial viewer's angle is not decreased.
An AP knee projection obtained with the central ray angled too cephalically demonstrates 1. symmetrical femoral condyles. 2. a foreshortened fibular head. 3. the fibular head at a position less than 0.5 inch (1 cm) distal to the tibial plateau. 4. a narrowed or closed femorotibial joint space.
1, 2, and 4 only
For a lateral fourth toe projection, the 1. foot is rotated laterally until the toe is in a lateral projection. 2. adjacent toes are drawn away from the affected toe. 3. long axis of the digit is aligned with the transverse axis of the collimated field. 4. central ray is centered to the PIP joint.
1, 2, and 4 only
A lateral knee projection demonstrates the medial femoral condyle anterior and proximal to the lateral femoral condyle. How was the positioning setup mispositioned for such an image to be obtained? 1. The central ray was angled too caudally. 2. The central ray was angled too cephalically. 3. The patient's patella was positioned too close to the IR. 4. The patient's patella was positioned too far away from the IR.
2 and 3 only
A lateral knee projection obtained with the patella positioned too close to the IR (leg externally rotated) will demonstrate the 1. fibula with increased tibial superimposition. 2. fibula with decreased tibial superimposition. 3. medial femoral condyle anterior to the lateral femoral condyle. 4. medial condyle distal to the lateral femoral condyle
2 and 3 only
Positioning the femur at a 60- to 70-degree angle with the imaging table for the PA axial knee projection (Holmblad method) 1. superimposes the proximal surfaces of the intercondylar fossa. 2. places the patellar apex superior to the intercondylar fossa. 3. superimposes the lateral and the medial surfaces of the intercondylar fossa. 4. superimposes the anterior and posterior margins of the tibia plateau.
1 and 2 only
An AP axial foot projection obtained with the foot laterally rotated demonstrates 1. a closed medial-intermediate cuneiform joint space. 2. closed tarsometatarsal joint spaces. 3. the calcaneus with increased talar superimposition. 4. a decrease in metatarsal base superimposition
1 and 3 only
For an externally rotated AP oblique knee projection, the 1. leg is externally rotated until an imaginary line connecting the femoral epicondyles is at a 45-degree angle with the IR. 2. leg is internally rotated until an imaginary line connecting the femoral epicondyles is at a 45-degree angle with the IR. 3. central ray is aligned parallel with the tibia plateau. 4. central ray is centered at a level 0.75 inch (2 cm) distal to the medial femoral epicondyles
1 and 3 only
The placement of the patella in relationship to the femorotibial joint space on an AP knee projection is affected by 1. patellar subluxation. 2. knee rotation. 3. knee flexion. 4. foot inversion
1 and 3 only
What joint spaces are open on an AP oblique foot projection with accurate positioning? 1. Third through fifth intermetatarsal joints 2. Navicular-cuneiform 3. Joint spaces surrounding the cuboid 4. Tarsometatarsal
1 and 3 only
Which of the following is true with respect to axial calcaneal projections? 1. The image demonstrates an open talocalcaneal joint space. 2. The foot is flexed 90 degrees to the lower leg and rotated slightly laterally. 3. A 40-degree central ray is directed proximally. 4. The central ray is centered to the distal fifth metatarsal.
1 and 3 only
Which of the following positioning setup procedures must be completed to obtain open tarsometatarsal and navicular-cuneiform joint spaces on an AP axial foot projection? 1. The patient's foot is positioned flat against the IR. 2. The foot, ankle, and lower leg are aligned. 3. The central ray is angled 10 to 15 degrees proximally. 4. A compensating filter is placed over the
1 and 3 only
Why should the foot be dorsiflexed to a 90-degree angle with the lower leg for a lateral ankle projection? 1. It places the tibiotalar joint in a neutral position. 2. It prevents the patient from rotating posteriorly. 3. It allows the anterior pretalar fat pad to be used to detect joint effusion. 4. It positions the talar domes on top of each other.
1 and 3 only
The IP and MTP joint spaces on toe projections are open and demonstrated without distortion when the 1. central ray is aligned parallel with them. 2. central ray is aligned perpendicular to them. 3. joints are aligned parallel with the IR. 4. joints are aligned perpendicular to the IR.
1 and 4 only
Which of the following pertains to a lateral foot projection that demonstrates the lateral talar dome distal to the medial talar dome? 1. The patient was imaged with the distal tibia elevated. 2. More than 0.5 inch (1 cm) of the cuboid is demonstrated posterior to the navicular. 3. The lateral talar dome is also anterior to the medial talar dome. 4. The fibula would be situated too far posterior to the tibia.
1 and. 2 only
An AP ankle projection obtained with the patient's leg in external rotation will demonstrate which of the following? 1. A closed medial mortise 2. Decreased talar and fibular superimposition 3. An open lateral mortise 4. The sinus tarsi
1 only
For an AP projection of the knee with accurate positioning, 1. an imaginary line connecting the femoral epicondyles is aligned parallel with the IR. 2. the intercondylar eminence is centered within the intercondylar fossa. 3. the fibular head is demonstrated about 0.5 inch (1.25 cm) distal to the tibial plateau. 4. the femoral condyles are symmetrical
1, 2, 3, and 4
For a tangential patella projection (Settegast), 1. femoral condyles demonstrate equal height. 2. the IR is perpendicular with the patella. 3. the foot will be in dorsiflexion, with the plantar surface resting on the imaging table. 4. the CR angle is 15 to 20 degrees with lower leg.
1, 2, 4
A poorly positioned 45-degree AP oblique ankle projection demonstrates the calcaneus obscuring the distal aspect of the lateral mortise and the distal fibula. How should the positioning setup be adjusted to obtain an optimal projection
Dorsiflex the foot to a 90-degree angle with the lower leg.
Which aspect of the foot is placed parallel with the IR for a routine lateral foot projection
Lateral
An laterally rotated AP oblique knee projection that was taken with the knee rotated more than 45 degrees will demonstrate the
fibula located in the center of the tibia.
An accurately positioned AP knee projection demonstrates all of the following except the
fibular head 1 inch (2.5 cm) distal to the tibial plateau
A poorly positioned AP knee projection demonstrating a larger lateral femoral condyle than medial condyle
may also demonstrate the fibular head without tibial superimposition.
A less than optimal axial calcaneus projection demonstrates an obscured talocalcaneal joint space and an elongated calcaneus tuberosity. The projection was obtained with the
patient's foot dorsiflexed beyond the required vertical position.
The tangential knee projection (Merchant method) can also be described as a(n) _____ projection
superoinferior
A less than optimal lateral knee projection that demonstrates the medial femoral condyle anterior to the lateral femoral condyle will also demonstrate
the abductor tubercle on the anterior femoral condyle.
An optimal AP axial foot projection demonstrates all of the following except
the calcaneus without talar superimposition.
An accurately positioned lateral foot projection demonstrates all of the following except
the distal metatarsals at the center of the exposure field.
An AP knee projection on a patient with an ASIS to tabletop measurement of 17 cm was obtained using a perpendicular central ray. The resulting image will demonstrate
the fibular head more than 0.5 inch (1.25 cm) from the tibial plateau.
If the curves of the posterior knees are not accurately positioned just above the bend of the "axial viewer" for a tangential knee projection (Merchant method), the 1. patellae may be projected into the patellofemoral joint spaces. 2. tibial tuberosities may be demonstrated within the joint spaces. 3. soft tissue from the anterior thighs is projected into the joint spaces. 4. knees are flexed more or less than 45 degrees.
1, 2, and 4 only
For a tangential patella projection (inferosuperior), 1. anterior aspect of femoral condyles are in profile. 2. the medial condyles demonstrate more height than the lateral condyles. 3. patella is centered superior to the intercondylar sulcus. 4. the patellofemoral joint space is closed.
1, 3
A 15- to 20-degree internally rotated AP oblique ankle projection with accurate positioning demonstrates which of the following joints as open spaces? 1. Tibiotalar 2. Talofibular 3. Lateral mortise 4. Medial mortise
1, 3, and 4 only
A 5- to 7-degree central ray angulation is used for a lateral knee projection 1. to project the medial condyle anterosuperiorly. 2. on a patient with a narrow pelvis and long femora. 3. to offset the reduction in medial inclination that occurs when the patient is in a lateral recumbent position. 4. to achieve an open femorotibial joint space
1, 3, and 4 only
A lateral ankle projection with accurate positioning demonstrates 1. an open tibiotalar joint. 2. a narrowed talocalcaneal joint. 3. 1 inch (2.5 cm) of the fifth metatarsal base. 4. the fibula in the posterior half of the tibia
1, 3, and 4 only
A lateral knee projection with accurate positioning demonstrates 1. superimposed femoral condyles. 2. the fibular head without tibial superimposition. 3. an open femorotibial joint space. 4. one-fourth of the distal femur and proximal lower leg.
1, 3, and 4 only
Which of the following pertains to the positioning setup for an AP oblique foot projection on a patient with a high longitudinal arch? 1. Rotate the patient's foot 60 degrees. 2. Angle the central ray 15 degrees proximally. 3. Align the long axis of the foot with the long axis of the collimated field. 4. Center the central ray to the third metatarsal base.
1, 3, and 4 only
For a 15- to 20-degree internally rotated AP oblique ankle projection, the 1. central ray is centered at the level of the medial malleolus. 2. foot is dorsiflexed to a 90-degree angle with the lower leg. 3. long axis of the lower leg is aligned with the long axis of the collimated field. 4. leg is internally rotated until the intermalleolar line is parallel with the IR.
1,2,3,4
An AP first toe projection that was obtained with the foot and toe rotated 45 degrees medially demonstrates 1. equal soft tissue width on both sides of each of the phalanges. 2. more midshaft concavity on one side of the phalanges than on the opposite side. 3. twice as much soft tissue on one side of the phalanges as on the opposite side. 4. convexity on one side of the phalanges and concavity on the opposite side.
2 and 3 only
If a PA axial knee projection (Holmblad method) is obtained with the patient's heel rotated internally, which of the following are true? 1. The proximal surfaces of the intercondylar fossa are not superimposed. 2. The lateral and the medial surfaces of the intercondylar fossa are not superimposed. 3. The patella is rotated laterally. 4. The tibia is demonstrated without fibular head superimposition
2 and 3 only
A cephalic central ray angulation is required on an AP knee projection when the 1. examination is performed with the patient in an upright position. 2. patient's anterior tibial margin is demonstrated distal to the posterior tibial margin on the resulting image. 3. the patient's ASIS to imaging table measurement is 22 cm. 4. the knee is flexed and a curved IR is used.
2 and 4 only
A lateral foot projection obtained in a patient whose leg was externally rotated (heel off IR) demonstrates 1. more than 0.5 inch (1 cm) of the cuboid posterior to the navicular. 2. the fibula situated too posterior to the tibia. 3. the lateral talar dome anterior to the medial talar dome. 4. an obscured tibiotalar joint space.
2 and 4 only
An AP knee projection obtained with the knee internally rotated demonstrates 1. a larger appearing medial femoral condyle than lateral condyle. 2. a larger appearing lateral femoral condyle than medial condyle. 3. the fibular head with increased tibial superimposition. 4. the fibular head with decreased tibial superimposition.
2 and 4 only
An AP oblique foot projection with accurate positioning demonstrates 1. open first and second intermetatarsal joint spaces. 2. open joint spaces around the cuboid. 3. slight superimposition of the fourth and fifth metatarsal bases. 4. the long axis of the foot aligned with the long axis of the collimated field
2 and 4 only
An axial calcaneus projection with the patient's foot in plantar flexion and the central ray angled 40 degrees proximally demonstrates a(n) 1. elongated calcaneal tuberosity. 2. foreshortened calcaneal tuberosity. 3. open talocalcaneal joint space. 4. closed talocalcaneal joint space.
2 and 4 only
If the medial femoral condyle is situated anterior to the lateral femoral condyle on a lateral knee projection with poor positioning, which of the following is true? 1. The fibular head demonstrates increased tibia superimposition. 2. The adductor tubercle will be located on the anterior condyle. 3. The distal surface of the anterior condyle will appear flatter. 4. The fibular head will demonstrate a decrease in tibial superimposition
2 and 4 only
For a lateral ankle projection, the 1. medial and lateral malleoli are positioned directly on top of each other. 2. lateral foot surface is aligned parallel with the IR. 3. lower leg is parallel with the imaging table. 4. central ray is centered to the medial malleolus.
2, 3, and 4 only
For a lateral knee projection, 1. an imaginary line connecting the femoral epicondyles is aligned parallel with the IR. 2. a patient with long femora and a narrow pelvis does not require an angled central ray. 3. a grid is used if the knee measures over 10 cm. 4. the central ray is centered 1 inch (2.5 cm) distal to the medial femoral epicondyles
2, 3, and 4 only
On a lateral foot projection with accurate positioning, the 1. medial talar dome is demonstrated slightly superior to the lateral dome. 2. tibiotalar joint space is open. 3. talar domes are superimposed. 4. distal fibula is superimposed by the posterior half of the distal tibia.
2, 3, and 4 only
A lateral ankle projection demonstrates the fibula too anterior to the tibia, and a narrowed talocalcaneal joint. How are the talar domes positioned on this projection? 1. Medial dome anterior 2. Medial dome proximal 3. Lateral dome anterior 4. Lateral dome proximal
3 and 4 only
For an externally rotated AP oblique knee projection with accurate positioning, the 1. fibular head is demonstrated free of tibial superimposition. 2. lateral femoral condyle is demonstrated in profile. 3. fibular head, neck, and shaft are superimposed by the tibia. 4. medial condyle is shown in profile.
3 and 4 only
Proper elevation of the distal lower leg and vertical placement of the foot's long axis (heel is not rotated side to side) for the PA axial knee projection (Holmblad method) 1. superimposes the proximal surfaces of the intercondylar fossa. 2. places the patellar apex superior to the intercondylar fossa. 3. superimposes the lateral and the medial surfaces of the intercondylar fossa. 4. superimposes the anterior and the posterior margins of the intercondylar fossa
3 only
For an AP oblique second toe projection, the toe is rotated _____ degrees ___
45; medially
When the legs are flexed 30 degrees for the tangential knee projection (Merchant method), the central ray should be angled
75 degrees
Where should the central ray be centered for an AP axial projection of the foot?
Base of the third metatarsal
An medially rotated AP oblique knee projection demonstrates the tibia partially superimposed over the fibular head. How should the positioning setup be adjusted to obtain an optimal projection?
Increase the degree of internal rotation
Which of the following statements is true about an optimal tangential knee projection (Merchant method)?
The lateral femoral condyle demonstrates more height than the medial femoral condyle.
An optimal lateral knee projection demonstrates
Superimposed femoral condyles
A 15- to 20-degree internally rotated AP oblique ankle projection with poor positioning demonstrates an open distal lateral mortise superimposing the calcaneus. How was the patient mispositioned for such an image to be obtained?
The foot was plantarflexed
A less than optimal AP oblique foot projection demonstrates closed lateral cuneiform-cuboid, navicular-cuboid, and third through fifth intermetatarsal joint spaces. The fourth metatarsal tubercle is demonstrated without fifth metatarsal superimposition. Which of the following is true
The patient had a high longitudinal arch and a 45-degree oblique was obtained
If the medial talar dome were positioned distal to the lateral talar dome on a lateral foot projection, which of the following is true?
The patient's proximal tibia was elevated.
A less than optimal AP axial toe projection demonstrates more soft tissue width on the lateral side than on the medial side of the phalanges. Which of the following is true about this projection?
The toe needs to be rotated laterally to obtain an optimal projection.
A crosstable lateromedial knee projection demonstrates the medial femoral condyle distal to the lateral femoral condyle. To obtain an optimal projection,
adduct the patient's leg
If the patient is unable to extend the knee fully, an open femorotibial joint is accomplished by aligning the central ray perpendicular to the anterior surface of the lower leg and then
decreasing the angle 3 to 5 degrees and centering to the femorotibial joint
An optimal mortise (15- to 20-degree) AP oblique ankle projection demonstrates the
distal fibula without talar superimposition.