Exploring the Religions of Our World chapter 2
If Judaism could be summed up in three words...
God, Torah, Israel
In 63 BCE and 70 BCE..
Greek rule in Judea ended (63) as it was taken by Romans (70) Roman soldiers stormed Jerusalem and destroyed the Temple -Jews did not disappear, rabbis gained popularity
Septuagint
Greek translation of the Old Testament means seventy
Shoah
Hebrew term for the Holocaust; meaning "catastrophe"
Pesach
Hebrew word for Passover, the Jewish celebration of God's liberation of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt
Rabbi
Hebrew word for a Jewish master or teacher of the Torah
Emperor Hadrian...
In 130 quelled a riot (not peacefully), built a shrine to Jupiter, changed Judea to Palestine, and banned Jews from ever returning
King Boleslav...
Invited Jews into Poland where they thrived and eventually developed Yiddish
Jews in Jerusalem vs Babylon (theyre moving around so much.... cant keep track)
Jerusalem- faced prosecution with the Muslims Babylon- were able to flourish under Persian rule
Yom Kippur
Jewish Day of Atonement- fasting and reflecting on one's sins holiest day of the year
As economy moved from barter to cash system...
Jews became moneylenders and were seen more as people with power
Muslims and Christians were at odds with each other and...
Jews were great mediators
Diaspora Jews
Jews who lived in communities outside Palestine, means dispersed
French and German messed up everything good (kind of) by....
Marching to Jerusalem to steal it from the Muslims. Destroyed almost all Jewish communities and killed thousands of Jews.
What did Jews feel about the Muslims taking Jerusalem back from the Byzantines
Mixed feelings; outraged that the Muslims built the Holy of Holies but happy Byzantines were out
__ made Jews pay a protection tax
Muslims
Rambam
Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon, argued there was no contradiction between Greek philosophy and the teachings of Judaism
After the destruction of The Second Temple, rabbinic Judaism appeared in in these centuries:
Roman province of Judea and in Babylon
What were the secretarians developed in Rabbanic period
Sadducees, Pharisees, and the Essenes
Jews in Spain
Sephardim (Jews got to spain. Muslims went to Babylonia, then Baghdad, then Spain. try to keep up)
The Torah is sometimes called
The Five Books of Moses
Shabbat
The Jewish Sabbath; begins at sundown Friday and ends at sundown Saturday.
Fifty years after the Babylonians conquered Judea
The Persians conquered them and let Judeans return
Hellenization
The adoption of Greek ways and speech as happened in the case of Jews living in the Diaspora
Bimah
The elevated platform in a Jewish synagogue where the person reading aloud from the Torah stands during the service
Mount Moriah
The mount upon which took place the sacrifice of Isaac; later becomes the site of the temple.
Holy of Holies
The sanctuary inside the tabernacle in the Temple of Jerusalem where the Ark of the Covenant was kept.
What is Midrash
The type of biblical interpretation found in rabbinic literature, especially the Talmuds, Midrash assumes that the scriptures provide answers for every situation and every question in life
The major jewish festivals are divided into two main cycles: Tishri and Nisan
Tishri: Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, and Sukkot Nisan: Pesach and Shavout
Tishuvah
Turning back to a proper way of living
Jews believe God gave Moses...
Two Torahs that cant be seperated, oral and written
Talmud
Two long collections of Jewish religious literature that are commentaries on the Mishnah, the Hebrew code of laws that emerged about 200 CE.
What happened with the United Nations in 1948
UN in 1948 returned Palestine to the Jews because of the holocaust and it incited war, peace has not been met yet
Jews of Diaspora in Rome
Were allowed to practice their religion and converted people until Constantine made Catholicism the official religion and Judaism started dying out
Biggest noted difference between catholics and jews
What Jesus was. Jews are still waiting for their Messiah.
What are some Holy Days in Judaism
Yom Kippur, Rosh Hashanah, Hanukkah, Sukkot
The Last Supper was
a Passover meal
Mitzvot
a commandment of the Jewish law
A synagogue became multidimensional, it was...
a house of prayer, study, and assembly
Shofar is...
a rams horn
Ark
a repository traditionally in or against the wall of a synagogue for the scrolls of the Torah
Sh'ma is...
a statement recited by devout Jews formal doctrine of Judaism
Tanakh
a term for the books of the Bible that make up the Hebrew canon.
Synagogue comes from the Greek word meaning...
assembly
Life Cycle Celebrations
birth- circumcision, hebrew name coming of age- bar bat mitzvah marriage- chuppah, blessings, and breaking the glass death- must be done quick
Jews were blamed for...
black plague also got kicked out of Austria, france, germany
Israel is known as...
canaan, promised land, judea, palestine, and the state of israel
"testament" means...
covenant
t/f being chosen is passive not active
false
Juersalem is a holy city for christianity, islam, and judaism but its not as important in judaism
false, its the holiest city- that is where god is most present
t/f Jews expect their savior to be divine
false. they think he will be a human being anointed by god
In 1250 BCE Moses...
freed the Hebrew people from Egyptian bondage and led them back to Canaan
God issues Mitzvot not to __ but to ____
give commands; offer guidance for what will make people truly happy
Idoltary
giving worship to something or someone other than the one, true God
For Jews, God is the God of ___
history
Chosen (in the context of Judaism) means
holy or seperate
The presence of Torah is a ___ occasion
joyful :)
What does Torah mean?
law or instruction
The Jewish calendar is a ___ calendar with days beginning and ending at ____
lunar; sunset
Mezuzah
meaning "doorpost," a small parchment containing Jewish scripture, usually the Sh'ma, that is placed in a case on or near the right doorframe at the home of an observant Jew.
Three daily animals sacrifices were replaces with...
three daily prayers
t/f Catholics and Jews must pass on the memory of Shoah to future generations for different reasons
true
t/f Catholics must recognize the difficulty Jews have with discussing evangelization
true
t/f Jews do not have a set of formed doctrines that articulate their beliefs
true
t/f Judaism made a mark on Christianity
true
t/f While captives in Babylon, the exiles met in private homes for worship, they were the forerunners of synagogue
true
t/f are jews in every continent
true
t/f everyone was at fault for jesus' death, not just jews
true
t/f for jews all life is to be devoted to God including thoughts actions memory or talents
true
t/f no two religions have as much in common as Judaism and Catholicism
true the similarities: -God made multiple covenants with the jewish people and broke none -god has broken no promises -we affirm god's revelation on mount sinai to moses -accept the ten commandments -pray the same psalms -believe that god has spoken to us thru prophets -we know that at the end of time all history will have meaning
Modern Period/ Age of Enlightenment
1783CE- modern -a philosophical movement that emphasized the use of reasons -was meant to emancipate Jews from their social and legal situation. -Jew status was elevated, the only ability they had to survive before was the ability to make money.
Jews have __ laws
613
Talmud
A collection of authoritative Jewish writings that comment and interpret biblical laws.
Philo of Alexandria
A contemporary of Jesus, a Greek-speaking Jew living in Alexandria, and a philosopher. His understanding of the divine Logos was decisive for early Christianity's ability to articulate an understanding of the relationship between Jesus and God.
Purim
A joyous festival in early spring that recalls the Jews' being saved from destruction, as told in the Book of Esther
Zionism
A policy for establishing and developing a national homeland for Jews in Palestine.
Havadalah
A religious ceremony that symbolically ends the Shabbat, usually recited over kosher wine or kosher grape juice.
Covenant
A solemn agreement between human beings or between God and a human being in which mutual commitments are made.
Hanukkah
An eight-day Jewish holiday commemorating the rededication of the Temple of Jerusalem in 165 BC
Pogrom
An organized massacre of a particular ethnic group.
Dead Sea Scrolls
Between 1947 and 1956 thousands of fragments of biblical and early Jewish documents were discovered in eleven caves near the site of Khirbet Qumran on the shores of the Dead Sea. These important texts have revolutionized our understanding of the way the Bible was transmitted and have illuminated the general cultural and religious background of ancient Palestine, out of which both Rabbinic Judaism and Christianity arose.
What was the name of the Jews who converted to Christianity in Spain under Ferdinand and Isabella?
Conversos
Jews were gaining rights in all places but...
Czarit Russia. There were many laws against Jews in the document The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion- which said Jews were planning to take over the world.
Mizrakh
Eastern wall
Protesant Reformation for Jews
Forbade Jews from going near Christian Towns. Constant presecutions of this Era left Jews in poverty
Where and when were the Dead Sea Scrolls found?
Found in 1947-1956 in the caves near Qumran
Hasidism
From the Hebrew meaning "pious," a movement within Judaism founded in eighteenth-century Poland where pious devotion to God is as important as study of Torah.
Halakhic
From the Hebrew meaning "way", Jewish law that covers all aspects of the life of an individual and of the community.
Kosher
From the Hebrew word kaser, meaning "proper." Commonly, it refers to food permitted by Jewish dietary laws. Jews observe kosher laws to remind themselves that they are to be a holy and separate people.
What are the names of the first five books of the bible?
Genesis, Exodus Leviticus, Numbers and, Deuteronomy- specific name or torah
Rosh Hashanah
"Jewish new year", day of judgment, fate of people is recorded, first of high holidays, 1st day of 7th month in Hebrew calendar
Sukkot
"booths"; a festival in the late autumn that recalls the Jews' period of wandering in the desert after their exodus from Egypt.
Medieval Period
-638-1783CE The Diaspora was moving further away from Palestine. -Jews began living in places theyve never lived before -Resurgance of science, math, philosophy, and commentaries on the Bible and Talmud
There are connections between jewish and catholic...
-Passover and the Eucharist -Holy Thursday and Passover -Pentecost and Shavuot
Biblical period
-begins with Abraham and ends with the death of Alexander the Great 1800-320 BCE
Rabbanic Period
-begins with Alexander the Great dying and ends with Jerusalem falling to the Islamic Army 323-625 bce -Living in a world of Christians and Muslims
What happened to both kingdoms after idoltary and splitting
-both became weak -Israel fell to the Assyrians in 722BCE -586BCE the Babylonians conquered the Judeans
Four types of modern Judaism
1. Reform Judaism- Advocates full integration into the culture where one lives 2. Conservative Judaism- Counteracts reformed Judaism, modifying Jewish traditions in a limited manner 3. Orthodox Judaism- The most traditional wing, insists its members strictly follow the Torah 4. Reconstructionist Judaism- sees Judaism as a culture and not a religion
What is considered the religious maturity
12 year old for girls and 13 for boys
Greek ruler Antiochus Iv...
prohibited the practice of Judaism in Judea and took over the Temple, the Maccabees led a revolt against Greeks in 165 BCE and got the Temple back
Nathan and Samuel were...
prophets who exhorted the Hebrews to follow the way of one God rather than the neighboring Canaanite Gods
Shavout
recalls when Yahweh gave the Law (Torah) to his people on Mt. Sinai, Festival of Weeks, Pentacost.
Days of Awe
the 10 days that begin with Rosh Hashanah and end with Yom Kippur
Nostra Aetate
the church set a course for righting wrongs against jews. while the word "perfidious" was already cut so there would be no contempt in prayers more needed to be done. jews are god's chosen people and are not at fault for god's death.
Rosh Hashanah memorializes ___ while Pesach memorializes ____
the creation of the world; the creation of the Jews as a people
Canaan was ruled by David, Saul, and Solomon, but once Solomon died...
the kingdom was divided into the kingdom of israel to the north and the kingdom of judah to the south