EXSS 205 final
Which of the following is the typical salary for a physical therapist?
$40,000 to $60,000
Athletic trainers working in a college/university position with an intercollegiate athletic program can expect to earn a salary in the range of _____?
$45,842-$66,252
Although the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for Vitamin D for men and women is 600 IU per day, what value do many sport nutrition and health professionals recommend?
1,000-2,000 IU per day
By how much can an electron microscope magnify structures?
10,000,000 times
How many questions are on the written component of the BOC certification exam?
150
Early surgical methods recorded in the Code of Hammurabi date back to when, approximately?
1750 B.C.E.
When was the American Society for Nutrition Science founded?
1933
In what year was the first national meeting of the NATA held?
1950
When was the First International Seminar on Biomechanics (in Zurich, Switzerland) held?
1967
In what year was the first certification exam for athletic trainers given?
1969
When did Richard A. Schmidt establish the Journal of Motor Behavior?
1969
In what year was exercise and sport psychology first recognized as evidenced by the formation of Division 47 of the American Psychological Association?
1987
When did NATA and BOC became separate entities?
1989
Although the AMA first recognized the role of the athletic trainer in 1967, it was in ______ that formal recognition was given to athletic training as an allied health profession.
1990
Approximately how many exercise and sport psychologists are there in the world
3000
When was the beginning of the scientific period, approximately?
500 C.E
About ______ percent of all adults in the United States are overweight or obese.
68
How many continuing education units must be earned in each three-year period for an individual to retain his or her BOC certification?
75
Which disease accounts for approximately 20 percent of all deaths each year worldwide?
: Cardiovascular disease
Research in exercise physiology has found that which of the following is true?
: Exercise impacts virtually every system in the body.
Which type of study selects subjects based on the presence of the disease being investigated and then matches them with control subjects who do not have the disease?
A case-control study
Until recently, most professionals in exercise epidemiology were employed in what setting
A college or university setting
Which type of study measures risk factors and the presence or absence of a disease at the same time?
A cross-sectional survey
Which of the following is a technique that could be used to determine muscle glycogen content?
A muscle biopsy
To earn a RD credential requires which of the following?
A passing grade on a national exam
Which type of study involves randomly selecting subjects from a defined population, collecting baseline information regarding potential risk factors for the disease of interest, and then following the subjects over a period of time to track the incidence of the disease?
A prospective cohort study
Which type of study is considered to be the gold standard for testing a research hypothesis?
A randomized controlled trial
Regular exercise is associated with which of the following?
A reduction in resting blood pressure
Which of the following is a technique that involves conducting the same survey in a population every year for an extended time period to measure trends in physical activity?
A surveillance system
What do the ACSM certification exams include?
A written component and a practical component
An athlete's attitude toward sports would be considered to be part of which domain?
Affective
What can an individual do during a task?
All of the above
Where might an exercise physiologist work?
All of the above
Which of the following describes death that is due to all known factors?
All-cause mortality
On any given day, an athletic trainer probably devotes time to all of the following EXCEPT:
An athletic trainer devotes time to all of the above.
The frequency or number of events that occur over a defined time period, divided by the average size of the population at risk, is known as what?
An incidence rate
Which of the following is an acute response to exercise?
An increase in heart rate during exercise
Developmental anatomy is the study of which of the following?
Anatomical changes that occur from birth to death
What is one of the most important reasons why the Methods section of a primary academic reference must provide a detailed description of the design of the study and all the techniques that were used to collect the data?
Another researcher may want to replicate or slightly modify the study.
One of the first areas of interest in measurement in physical education was in _____?
Anthropometric measurement
Which of the following is true regarding exercise adherence?
Approximately 50 percent of the people who start an exercise program will quit within 6 months.
When much of the great library in Alexandria was destroyed, who preserved many anatomical papers?
Arabians
Match the individuals with his/their accomplishment
Aristotle - Wrote about complex movements such as walking and running., The Weber brothers - Studied the effect of gravity on limb movements in walking and running., Edweard Muybridge - Developed cinematographical serial pictures to study animals and humans., Alphonso Borelli - Wrote De Moto Animalium., Jules Amar - Wrote The Human Motor., Sir Isaac Newton - Developed mechanical laws of motion and developed calculus., W. O. Fenn - Published a work about the cinematographical analysis of sprint running.
What is the annual income of one-half of all registered dieticians who have been employed full-time for fewer than 4 years?
Between $43,400 and $62,200
Match the four body humors with the correct organ each is associated with.
Blood: liver Phlegm: lungs Yellow bile: gallbladder black bile: spleen
Where, according to Alcmaeon of Crotona, does intelligence reside?
Brain
Who is the "Father of North American Applied Sport Psychology"?
Bruce Ogilvie
As of the summer of 2006, education program accreditation is provided by which accreditation body?
CAATE
Which of the following nutrients is most likely to be a limiting factor during prolonged exercise?
Carbs
Components of health-related fitness include the development of which of the following?
Cardiovascular endurance
Which of the following is the area of the brain responsible for the regulation of coordination and the control of fine movements?
Cerebellum
Who was/were the first researcher(s) to study the effects of dietary manipulation on exercise performance?
Christensen and Hansen
Jack Adams is known for developing which of the following?
Closed-loop theory of motor learning
The "upper" level of the neuromuscular system includes which of the following?
Cortex and basal ganglia
A physician who graduates from an osteopathic medical school receives what type of degree?
D.O.
Match the person with the correct accomplishment.
Demonstrated the existence of bio-electricity, replacing the notion that "animal spirits" caused muscle contractions. - Luigi Galvani, Was responsible for mapping out (finding a specific function for) specific regions of the cortex. - Ferrier, Author of "The Closed-Loop Theory of Motor Learning." - Jack Adams, Developed the "Law of Effect." - E. L. Thorndike, Author of "A Schema Theory of Discrete Motor Skill Learning." - Richard A. Schmidt, Developed dynamic pattern theory. - Kelso, Removed specific parts of an animal's brain and was able to discover their general functions by observing behavioral changes in the animal. - Marie-Jean-Pierre Flourens
Which of the following is one of the most common mental health problems?
Depression
A performance-related goal of exercise science would be able to do which of the following?
Design an optimal nutrition program for a marathon runner.
When does Type 1 diabetes usually develop?
During childhood
what are nerves?
Electrical conductors
Match the biomechanical instrument to its proper description(s).
Electromyography - A device that measures electrical activity in a muscle., Accelerometer - A device used to measure acceleration to estimate forces when other force-measurement devices cannot be used., MRI - A device that can provide a computer generated image of the body., Force platform - A device that provides electrical signals proportional to the component of force acting on it., Goniometer - A device that measures joint position.
Which of the following studies the anatomical changes that occur from conception to birth?
Embryology
In order to qualify as a candidate for the certification exam, the BOC presently requires which of the following?
Endorsement of the exam and proof of current certification
A biomechanist should have knowledge of all of the following EXCEPT:
Engineering
A function of the immune system is to do which of the following?
Fight off infections
Match the sections of a scientific research article with the order in which they appear in the article
First: Abstract Second: Introduction Third: Methods Fourth: Results Fifth: Discussion Sixth: Conclusions Seventh: References
Dietetics involves the study of which of the following?
Foods in health and disease
Who was the first person to demonstrate the existence of "animal electricity"?
Franz Josef Gall
Who was the first person to find evidence for cerebral localization?
Franz Josef Gall
Between 1860 and 1900, what did physical education focus on?
Gymnastics and physical training programs
What does an individual have to do in order to be a Certified Consultant AAASP?
He or she must have a doctoral degree.
Match the type of measurement data to the correct level of measurement.
Height in centimeters: ratio 50 yard dash time: ratio Gender: Nominal Intelligence as measured by an IQ test: Ordinal Ethnic group: Nominal Strength, as indicated by a timed pushup test Interval Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit : Interval Running ability, based on the results of a 10K race: Ordinal
Who is known as the "Father of Anatomy"?
Herophilus
Who was the first person to make extensive, public dissections of the human body?
Herophilus
In the 1970s, where were most athletic training jobs?
High school and college settings
Sensory information from a muscle is carried to the spinal cord on _____.
Ia afferent fibers from the muscle spindle
Match the research methodology with its correct description
Incidence rate - This is the frequency or number of events that occur over a defined time period, divided by the average size of the population at risk., Cross-sectional survey - It is designed to measure risk factors and the presence or absence of a disease at the same time., Case-control study - It uses subjects who are selected based on the presence of the disease being investigated and then matches them with controls who do not have the disease., Prospective cohort study - It uses subjects who are selected based on the presence of the disease being investigated and then matches them with controls who do not have the disease.
Which of the following services are students encouraged to use when their university or college library does not have access to the full-text version of the article that they are trying to acquire?
Interlibrary loan
Which of the following is the most recently developed professional association in biomechanics?
International Society of Biomechanics in Sports
The number of sit-ups an individual can perform is used as a measurement of muscular endurance. This is aNo ______ level of measurement.
Interval
In a cardiac rehabilitation program, which of the following can be said about Phase II?
It begins just after hospital discharge and lasts approximately 12 weeks.
When measurement error increases, what happens to reliability?
It decreases
Which of the following is true of the immune response?
It is variable depending on the type of exercise stress utilized.
What does a force platform do?
It measures the forces generated when the body comes into contact with the ground during activity
Which of the following is one of the functions of the Introduction section of a primary academic reference?
It provides a purpose statement for the study.
Which of the following is the purpose of the Abstract section of a primary academic reference?
It provides a very brief overview of the purpose, methods, results, and conclusions from the study.
What is one of the most important functions of the reference list in a primary academic reference?
It provides all of the information that is needed for the reader to acquire the publications cited by the author(s) in the article.
Which of the following is true of a good test?
It should exclude extraneous variables
Which Swiss pharmacologist advocated gymnastics for improving digestion, strengthening the heart and joints, and improving the circulation of blood in the lungs?
Joseph Duchesne
Whose book entitled The Human Motor was translated to English in 1920?
Jules Amar
.What is the name of a source of feedback that indicates errors in the learner's movement pattern?
Knowledge of results
An electrogoniometer is used to do which of the following?
Measure joint position and movement speed during activity
The simultaneous occurrence of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia is known as what?
Metabolic Syndrome X
Which of the following is a classic study by Dr. Ancel Keys that looked at the effects of starvation on the human body?
Minnesota Starvation Study
How many members does ACSM have, approximately?
More than 20,000
What is the current NATA membership?
More than 30,000
In which of the following career pathways would a background in anatomy NOT be useful?
None of the above
Which of the following is the name of the nutrients that exhibit druglike properties when taken in appropriate amounts?
Nutriceuticals
Children have been assigned to a soccer team based on age. A child's ability in soccer is determined based on team placement. In this case, ability level is being measured at aNo ______ level.
Ordinal
The first biomechanics research laboratory was established at ______ by ______ in 1966.
Penn State University, Richard Nelson
A correlation coefficient is often used to show reliability. A correlation coefficient of 1.0 would indicate which of the following?
Perfect reliability
Most exercise science programs emerged from programs in which area?
Physical education
What are the parent disciplines of exercise physiology?
Physiology and physical education
Which of the following are nonscientific literature sources?
Popular magazines, newspaper articles, and most Internet websites
What is the difference between a primary and a secondary academic reference?
Primary academic references include basic and applied research articles, whereas secondary academic references include review articles and academic book or textbook chapters.
The somatosensory cortex is involved in which of the following?
Processing sensory information
What does the skeletal system do?
Provides an attachment point for muscles
Occupational biomechanics focuses on which of the following?
Providing a safe and efficient environment for workers
Which of the following theoretic orientations usually involves the measurement of physiological variables?
Psycho-physiological orientation
What are the parent disciplines of exercise and sport psychology?
Psychology and physical education
Which of the following is a useful, government-based website for locating scientific literature sources in exercise science?
Pubmed
Some of the early studies in exercise epidemiology were conducted on which group of individuals?
Railroad workers, bus conductors, and dock workers
Which of the following are the two major issues to consider when assessing a written test?
Reliability and validity
Who wrote the book Cell Pathology, in which he described how cells came from existing cells?
Rudolf Virchow
What is the difference between a scientific literature source and a nonscientific literature source?
Scientific literature sources undergo a peer review process, whereas nonscientific literature sources do not.
Which of the following is bone loss caused by another disease that is independent of age or menopause?
Secondary osteoporosis
The general adaptation syndrome to stress was first proposed by whom?
Selye
Match each literature source with its description.
Textbook: Primary purpose is to educate students in exercise science Narrative Review: Review that summarizes the results from research studies Meta-analysis: Review that uses statistics to combine the results from studies
What is one of the most important differences between exercise science textbooks and books that focus on a specialized topic in exercise science?
Textbooks are usually written for teaching purposes, while books on a specialized topic usually summarize the literature in a particular area.
The NSCA offers which of the following certification levels/tracks?
The Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist and the NSCA Certified Personal Trainer certification.
Which of the following is one of the most important functions of the Discussion section of a primary academic reference?
The Discussion section develops a basis for future studies.
Which of the following did Hippocrates believe?
The brain secretes mucus.
Which of the following did Aristotle believe?
The concept of parthenogenesis (virgin birth)
On what subject did Rieger publish an article in 1884?
The effects of hypnotic catalepsy on muscular endurance
Researchers are presently trying to find out how we use information from the environment to plan and adjust our movements. What is this called?
The perceptual-motor integration problem
What was one of the most important achievements of Franklin Henry, John Lawther, and Arthur T. Slater-Hammel?
The quality and productivity of their graduate students
The first research studies in exercise epidemiology focused on which of the following?
The relationship between coronary heart disease and physical activity
What is one of the most important reasons why the Results section of a primary academic reference must provide a comprehensive description of the results from all of the statistical analyses that were performed?
The results from a research study may be used in review articles known as meta-analyses.
Galen's work survived undisputed for centuries due to which of the following?
The sanction of the Catholic Church
Variance is a measure of _____.
The variability of scores
What techniques are prehistoric people known to have used?
Trephination
Match the disease with its correct description or characterization.
Type 1 diabetes - Failure of the pancreas to produce insulin, Type 2 diabetes - Insulin insensitivity, Hypertension - Persistently high arterial blood pressure, Osteoporosis - Deterioration of bone tissue
Match the piece of equipment or technique to its description
Used to determine oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and energy use during exercise. - Indirect calorimetry, Device that allows measurement of the electrical activity of a muscle. - Electromyography, Technique used to determine body composition. - Hydrostatic weighing, A device that can create detailed images of body tissues. - Magnetic resonance imaging, Device used for research to induce exercise. - Treadmill, A technique used to determine muscle fiber type. - Muscle biopsy
What type of practice did Schmidt recommend for strengthening the recall and recognition schemas?
Variable practice
Which factor is by far the most important in determining blood pressure?
Vessel diameter
Match the name of the person to his accomplishment.
William Harvey - Proved that blood travels in a circle. Andreas Vesalius - Anatomy teacher and author of "Fabrica." Pope Sixtus IV - Allowed dissections at the discretion of clergy. Leonardo da Vinci - Drew accurate, detailed anatomical drawings. Mondino de Luzzi - Wrote "Anathomia."
Heart rate increases during an exercise bout. This is aNo ______ response to exercise.
acute
A typical undergraduate program in exercise science might include courses in which area?
all of the above
Athletic trainers are trained to use ______ in the treatment of injuries.
all of the above
Diet and exercise are important in the prevention of which of the following?
all of the above
In the 1960s, why did physical educators focus on "research"?
all of the above
In which of the following areas would you expect an exercise or sport psychologist to be involved?
all of the above
What does the BOC certification exam contain?
all of the above
Supplementation of ______ may be warranted in female endurance athletes or athletes who must maintain a low body weight.
calcium
Today, where do most athletic trainers work?
clinical settings
Exercise and sport psychologists who work directly with athletes to improve performance would most likely be in which of the following areas?
consulting
During the Renaissance human dissections became more frequent. Where were cadavers often obtained?
executed criminals and new graves
Claudius Galen proposed that muscles contract due to the flow of ______ ("animal spirits") down the nerves.
fluid
Which of the following is the most important reason for reading and understanding scientific literature in exercise science?
it helps separate facts from fiction
Which of the following is the research journal for NATA?
journal of Athletic Training
In a hierarchy of the cognitive domain, which is the lowest level?
knowledge
Which of the following is the act of assigning numbers to members of a group based on the amount of some attribute each possesses?
measurement
Which of the following is a construct?
motivation
Which of the following is the study of how the nervous system controls movement
motor control
Hippocrates believed that illness resulted from which of the following?
natural causes
Which of the following have NOT been shown to improve athletic performance?
none of the above
Assume the goal of measurement is to predict an individual's chance of developing coronary artery disease. This is an example of using measurement for ______ purposes.
prediction
The development of exercise machines for individuals who have experienced a back injury would be the job of aNo ______ biomechanist.
rehabilitative
Which of the following is the branch of mechanics that investigates bodies, masses, and forces at rest or in equilibrium?
statics
A condition characterized by loss or impairment of bodily function resulting from injury or death of brain cells after insufficient blood supply is known as what?
stroke
Which of the following can be measured with the greatest precision?
the time it takes to run one mile
