Extra

What is the purpose of the NamUs database?

.The National Missing and Unidentified Persons System is a national database for missing persons and unidentified decedent records.

What is the chain of custody?

A log documenting continuity of possession for evidence

Each state in the United States has its own fingerprint database that is linked to the FBI's system. What is the name of this database?

AFIS

Saliva, blood, hair, and semen are all considered _____ types of crime-scene evidence.

Biological

What can serve as a means for recording the exact dynamics of a crime scene in the moment it was first discovered?

Body worn cameras

Kirsten reported being raped after a night out at a bar. Sperm was discovered during her medical exam. It was also discovered that Kirsten tested positive for GHB (a date rape drug). All DNA evidence was submitted to the crime lab for examination. The DNA profile from the sperm will be entered into which database?

CODIS

What type of analysis subjects a suspect specimen and a standard/reference specimen to the same tests and examinations for the ultimate purpose of determining whether they have a common origin?

Comparison

Using _______ DNA database search techniques, a suspect could be linked to a crime through matching a DNA profile of a close relative with DNA evidence collected from a discarded pizza crust eaten by the suspect.

Familial

Which type of natural or synthetic evidence can be useful in establishing a connection between people, places, or objects?

Fibers

What are the three indexes of DNA profiles that exist in the CODIS database?

Forensic, offender, and arrestee

Which of these items would be considered individual evidence?

Fracture match of a knife blade tip and the rest of the blade on a weapon found in a suspect's pocket

Which of the following viruses can be contracted through contact with infected blood or tissue at a crime scene?

Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, HIV

In the context of recording a crime scene, which of the following statements is true?

If additional personnel are contacted during an investigation, their names, titles, and time of arrival should be recorded.

In the ________, the FBI has physical evidence data profiles and corresponding criminal history information for nearly 75 million persons.

Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System

In which case was it decided that taking a buccal swab of an arrestee's DNA was reasonable under the Fourth Amendment?

Maryland v. King

What were some suggestions made by the National Research Council on how to implement quality assurance measures to measure the competency of the examiners in laboratories?

Peer review, proficiency testing, analyst certification, and periodic external audits.

Which of the following statements is true regarding limitations in dealing with physical evidence?

Physical evidence may exclude or exonerate a person from suspicion.

You are a latent print examiner who has found a print with a quality suitable to be searched in a database. What is the chain of events that occurs next?

Points are marked on the print, the print is electronically submitted to AFIS, the print is searched against all fingerprint images in the NGI system, and you compare the results for verification.

Which of the following defines individual characteristics?

Properties of evidence that can be attributed to a particular source with an extremely high degree of certainty

In Mincey v. Arizona, what could investigators have done after the home was secured in order to avoid having the case overturned on appeal?

Requested a warrant to search and seize evidence

A trail of bloody shoeprints was located leading away from a murder scene. The shoeprints were photographed and properly preserved. What database could the shoeprints be entered into in order to identify the type of shoe that made the impression?

SICAR

What was the world's first national database for forensics?

The DNA Database

Which of the following is a main difference between the spiral search pattern and the grid search pattern?

The spiral search pattern employs one person, while the grid search pattern employs two people.

Why is it important to use the line/strip search pattern for areas with well-established boundaries?

To avoid missing evidence that could exist inside of the search area

Michigan v. Tyler dealt with _____-related evidence obtained on four occasions spanning 25 days beyond the original event.

arson

For _____, a technician would want to use tightly sealed jars or new paint cans to avoid the evaporation of residue.

charred debris

What does the term "rapid DNA" mean?

fast test results from a buccal swab

An object that can establish that a crime has or has not been committed or can link a crime and its victim or its perpetrator is considered ________ evidence.

physical

The Fourth Amendment guards against unreasonable searches and seizures with warrants being issued when there is _____.

probable cause

Physical evidence of a known origin, such as blood or hair samples from a suspected perpetrator, is known as _____.

standard/reference sample

Assigning exact or even approximate probability values when comparing most class physical evidence is difficult for some disciplines, but important—because without it, __________ could misinterpret the strength of the evidence.

the jury

Whose responsibility is it to pay for a hepatitis B vaccination for a law enforcement officer who may have contact with bodily fluids while on the job?

the law enforcement agency

Why would a first responder want to exclude the victim's family and friends from a crime scene?

to keep evidence from being tampered with

When arriving at a crime scene, a qualified evidence collector _______.

uses their knowledge and experience to make innovative, on-the-spot decisions about what may be evidence and what may not

Which of the following information should be recorded on the chain of custody?

The collector's initials, location of the evidence, and date of collection

Whose responsibility is it to make an intelligent and complete examination of the crime-scene evidence?

The laboratory analyst

Which statement accurately describes the product rule?

The overall frequency of occurrence of an event, such as a match between two substances, can be obtained by multiplying together the frequencies of all independently occurring instances related to that event.