EXW 450 Final Exam Question Bank

According to the text, a household becomes food and housing insecure once housing costs more than ___% of disposable income?

30%

According to Chapter 12 of the test and the class slides, what is the best way to address chronic disease rates?

A contextual approach that pursues health as a collective goal by addressing multiple factors.

Designed to encourage healthier dietary behaviors, a surcharge or tax placed food considered to unhealthy is known as:

A deterrent tax.

The best strategy for improving health is:

A population approach.

A high GINI coefficient would mean that:

A society has high income inequality.

Which of the following statements is accurate?

ACE's are surprisingly common, even among the middle class.

The built environment can influence mental health by:

All of these

Fetal and early childhood experiences form the foundation for:

All of these.

Recommended policy options to improve health, in regard to food marketing include:

All of these.

The family is important to human health because:

All of these.

Which of the following strategies are effective measures to improve consumption patterns?

All of these.

Aspects of the built environment that affect health include all of the following EXCEPT:

Asymptomatic ideologies.

According to the text, residential segregation by income, declining social mobility and lack of opportunity of those less affluent are all effects of:

Bad policy.

Neighborhood social and economic features have been linked with general health status, disability, chronic conditions, mental health status and:

Birth outcomes

The process of associating a name, experience or design with a particular product is known as:

Branding

Severe, prolonged and unpredictable stress during childhood:

Causes chronic over-activiation of the parts of the brain involved in the fear response.

According to the video "The Impact of the Social Determinants on Health Disparities", the social determinants of health perspective sees the factors that determine a person's well being as ___________ factors.

Community

Many factors impact the foods people consume. These include all of the following EXCEPT:

Conservative ascetic taste

Chronic stress increases the production of which primary stress hormone?

Cortisol

Those of low resources, living by necessity, in impoverished areas that have fewer parks, libraries and services, more crime and reduced opportunity is known as:

Deprivation amplification.

Food insecurity has been associated with:

Diabetes and depression.

Which of the following is NOT a known factor in educational attainment:

Differential fiduciary amalgamation.

The term for an area having poorly functioning public services, graffiti, and crime is:

Disordered Neiughborhood

According to the text, decreasing risky teen behavior can be the outcome of:

Effective child-parent communication

A significant determinant of health-relevant behavior in teens is:

Effective parent-child communication.

A significant determinants of health-relevant behavior in teens is:

Effective parent-child communication.

According to the text, decreasing risky teen behavior can be the outcome of:

Effective parent-child communication.

Policies and practices intended to focus on health promotion and disease prevention should:

Emphasize fetal and early childhood well-being.

What is the term that describes how an event, life circumstances or exposure (of lack of) environmental influences can "turn on" or "turn off" gene expression and influence the likelihood of developing a health outcome?

Epigenetics

Schools, worksites, and other institutions that help people feel a sense of belonging, participating, and being valued are no more likely to produce healthier outcomes than setting where people feel excluded, disregarded, or used.

FALSE

Breastfeeding rates, availability of fresh foods, changes in eating practices are all:

Factors that contribute to obesity.

A simple count of the number of cases at any given time is known as incidence.

False

Culture is the melding of pabulum, inequity and habit.

False

Everyone within a culture is the same.

False

Not everyone has a culture.

False

The Social Ecological Perspective posits that individuals are solely responsible for our own health behaviors.

False

The U.S. spends the most money and has the best healthcare of any country in the world.

False

Better nutrition, less sedentary behavior, more physical activity as well a managing daily routines, is an outcome of structure and organization of the family, known as:

Family functioning

Better nutrition, less sedentary behavior, more physical activity as well as managing daily routines are outcomes of household structure and organization, known as:

Family functioning.

Comparing the amount of money spent on healthy vs unhealthy food marketing to children and adolescents, which of these is true:

Far less money is spent on healthy food marketing compared to the amount spent on unhealthy food marketing.

Readiness to learn in school:

Follows the socio-economic gradient, of those from wealthier circumstances typically doing better than children from poorer environments.

The inability to obtain adequate food in socially acceptable ways. is defined as:

Food insecurity

Which of the following is a true statement?

Health improves along every step up the income and social ladder.

Which of the following built environment factors is NOT likely to increase active transport behavior or leisure physical activity?

High traffic volume in an area.

Family meals are associated with reduced risky behaviors, increased parental satisfaction, lower BMI and:

Improved academic outcomes.

What is the most powerful population level predictor of health?

Income

Healthy Community Design can do all of the following EXCEPT:

Increase erosive zodiacal outcomes.

From the text, which is an outcome of gentrification?

Increased housing prices.

Benefits of family meals include all of the following EXCEPT:

Increased risk of venomous tirades.

Culture, socialization and the social patterning of behavior are indicators that:

Individual behavior is not completely autonomous.

All of the following adopt and use policy EXCEPT:

Individuals

Socialization includes which level of the social ecological model?

Interpersonal

Brain plasticity, the physical process by which the brain adapts and shapes itself to stimuli:

Is a physical process, also referred to as neural sculpting.

If a child refuses to eat a vegetable, caregivers should:

Keep trying! Increased exposure increases the liklihood that a child will sample and eventually consume a food!

Early life experiences and contexts affecting adult health independently of what happened in the interim is referred to as:

Latent effects.

In the USA even though Latinos have the lowest SES and lowest rates of access to health care, they ____________ (choose the correct answer that completes this sentence) than Caucasians or African Americans.

Live longer

Which of the following is an outcome of gentrification?

Low income individuals have fewer housing choices.

All of the following health outcomes are influenced by educational attainment except:

Macrostructural conditioning elements

Infant mortality rates and children's health are strongly linked to:

Maternal education and family income.

Advertising is defined as:

Messages about a product or service to a potential buyer.

If more people in your social network are obese you are:

More likely to be obese

Adult conditions, such as coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes and cancer are:

NOT Largely the result of adult behavior and lifestyles.

All of the following apply to urban sprawl EXCEPT:

Nearby destinations

In terms of marketing to children, which of the following is true?

None of these is true.

According to the text, surcharges on food deemed to be unhealthy:

None of these.

Which of the following is a definition or characteristic of culture?

None of these.

All of the following affect the choice and use of foods, EXCEPT:

Nutritional pedalogical skill attainment

Safety and a sense of security, access to good shops, transportation availability and amenities are all examples of:

Opportunity structures which shape health.

Which of the following has the most significant influence on increasing children's physical activity behavior?

Parental support of children's physical activity behavior.

There is good evidence that:

Physical activity is heavily influenced by the community in which one resides.

What part of the brain is responsible for complex cognitive behavior, decision-making and down-regulation of the stress response?

Prefrontal cortex

A health behavior theory:

Presents a systematic way of understanding situations or events.

Free samples or gifts, signs, vouchers or coupons are known as:

Promotion

Built environments that include more exposure to nature have all of the following outcomes EXCEPT:

Provide the same degree of recovery from mental fatigue as watching television

The big difference between the smoking rates of those of high SES and those with lower resources is:

Quitting rates

Reduced cortisol variability leads to which health outcome?

Reduced immune function

Worksite health promotion programs have been found to be effective venues for increasing physical activity. This programming can have the impact of reducing absenteeism and reducing healthcare costs. Additionally, all of the following worksite health promotion strategies have demonstrated effectiveness EXCEPT:

Rigid scheduling

Communities where lost items are more likely to be returned to their owners and also have better health outcomes are high in:

Social cohesion

Which of the following can best be thought of as a process of marginalization?

Social exclusion

The number and frequency of contacts and interactions are related to:

Social networks

Reduced stress and anxiety, increased self-esteem and facilitation of cognitive development are known benefits of:

Social support

Pathways by which the family influences health include:

Social support.

The point of studying the social determinants of health is:

That the social determinants of health are major predictors of well-being.

Product, People, Place, Price and Promotion are known as:

The 5 P's of Marketing.

The relationship between opportunity available in a neighborhood and the education and resources of those who reside there is known as:

The amplification effect.

Which of the following statement is true regarding the built environment and inequality?

The built environment can increase the level of disadvantage in a community.

Marketing is:

The process of recruiting and keeping consumers.

All of the following are ways that policy influences health/behavior EXCEPT:

Theoretical Construct Support

Biological determinants, attitudes, beliefs and knowledge about food as well as all of the following affect food selection and consumption. Which of the following is NOT a known contributer to food selection?

Thimberlig influencing techniques.

Disparities in health are a significant concern for everyone in a society because the conditions that contribute to poor health (community safety, working conditions, job security, wage) are impacting the middle of society and not just the poorest in the society.

True

Health inequities, or the gaps in in health and life expectancy between groups are unjust.

True

Immunization efforts are an example of the outcomes that large-scale efforts and policies can have on protecting the health of an entire population.

True

Our relationships with others can enhance or harm our health.

True

The social determinants of health approach posits that many policies, which are not primarily health related, nevertheless, affect health.

True

The best practices of cultural competency include:

Use existing traditions to promote healthy behaviors.

Obesity follows the typical health gradient, like many other health attributes, the lower the income and educational level the higher the probability of becoming obese. This is particularly true among:

Women

Disease rates can be predicted by:

Zip code

Educational level and self-efficacy are individual level factors that shape health-relevant behavior. However,

behavior is also influenced by advertising, the social environment and incentives.

Which of the following is NOT an outcome of early childhood stress?

decreased risk taking

Culture does not affect health.

false

Land use and transportation factors that increase particulates and ozone in the air:

increase vascular inflammation and blood clotting proteins leading to increased risk of CHD and stroke.

The social-ecological model:

is based in biology and proposes that human behavior is shaped by the environment.

Since the 1970's interventions have been attempting to get people to change their behavior and make healthier choices. These interventions have been targeted mainly at individual factors and have:

mainly been unsuccessful at helping people improve their health by making better choices.

Examples of socialization include all of the following EXCEPT:

morbidity paradox

All of the following factors influence health EXCEPT:

rate of diffusion influencing dependent anova

The idea of the social determinants of health indicate:

risk of disease and death is influenced by the patterns of social engagement and available resources.

The social gradient in health indicates that:

that risk of disease and death decreases at each step up the social ladder across the entire society.

Cultural Competence is:

the underlying background knowledge that must be possessed to work with a given culture.

Socialization is:

the way that human beings learn to function in society .

How does socialization occur?

through community, family, and groups.

The use of rewards to encourage children to eat more fruits and vegetables has been found:

to decrease fruit and vegetable consumption in the long run.