(F) Anatomy: The Axilla (Part 6)

boundaries of the *base* of the axilla:

*1. skin & superficial fasica:* axillary fossa (armpit) *2. anterior axillary fold:* pectoralis major muscle *3. posterior axillary fold:* latissimus dorsi & teres major muscle *4. chest wall:* serratus anterior muscle

the ______ of the brachial plexus are within the axillary sheath along with ______

-*CORDS* -the axillary artery & vein

the contents of the *axillary sheath* include:

-*axillary artery & vein* -*cords of brachial plexus* -*axillary lymph nodes*

the axillary sheath is an extension of ______ into the ______ of the axilla

-*the prevertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia* -*cervicoaxillary canal (apex)*

*pectoral fascia* attaches to ______ covers what muscle? continuous with what fascia? it will become what?

-attaches to *clavicle* & *sternum* -pectoralis major muscle -anterior abdominal wall -becomes axillary fascia

the axilla contains the ______ & ______ the axillary artery is the continuation of the ______ and it has tributaries that provide blood to the ______ . It continues into the arm as the ______

-axillary artery -axillary vein -subclavian artery -shoulder, thorax, and axillary region -brachial artery

the apex contains the ______ this space is the passageway for ______ from the neck to the upper limb

-cervicoaxillary canal -neurovascular structures: axillary vessels and brachial plexus components

*deltoid fascia* location? attaches where? continuous with? compartmentalizes what?

-covers deltoid muscle -clavicle, acromion, & spine of scapula -pectoral fascia -scapular muscles

*clavipectoral fascia* location? surrounds what muscle? attaches where? becomes what?

-deep to pectoralis major muscle -subclavius and pectoralis minor muscles -attaches to clavicle -becomes suspensory ligament of axilla

within the axilla is a separate ______ compartment called the ______

-fascial compartment -axillary sheath

the axilla is a complex region located ______ , at the junction of the ______

-inferior to the glenohumeral joint -arm and the thorax

clavipectoral triangle allows passage of ________ between ______

-neurovascular structures -axilla and pectoral region

components of deep fascia of the pectoral region:

1. pectoral fascia 2. axillary fascia 3. clavipectoral fascia 4. deltoid fascia

what 4 things does pectoral/axillary superficial fascia contain?

1. skin/subcutaneous fat 2. platysma muscle 3. supraclavicular nerves (C3, C4) 4. anterior & lateral branches of intercostal nerves (come thru deep layers to subcutaneous layers)

how many groups of lymph notes are there in the axilla? list them:

5 axillary lymph nodes 1. pectoral 2. subscapular 3. humeral 4. central 5. apical

subclavian venipuncture

axillary vein is significant in inserting a lead knowing that axillary and subclavian meet up and where they are located placement of a catheter or defibrillation leads into the subclavian vein

the axillary vein is formed by the coming together of the ______ and the ______ it will eventually be joined by the ______ as it becomes the ______ vein

brachial vein(s) basilic vein cephalic vein subclavian vein

contents of the *clavipectoral triangle*

cephalic vein deltopectoral lymph nodes deltoid branch of thoracoacromial artery (from axillary artery)

cephalic vs basilic location

cephalic: *lateral/superior* basilic: *medial/inferior* both superficial veins of the upper limb

boundaries of the apex of the axilla:

clavicle, scapula, 1st rib

borders and floor of the *clavipectoral (deltopectoral) triangle* :

deltoid pectoralis major middle third of clavicle *floor:* clavipectoral fascia

aneurysm of the axillary artery

first part of the axillary artery may enlarge and compress the *trunks* of the brachial plexus -causes pain & anesthesia -baseball pitchers & quarterbacks bc of rapid & forceful arm movements

boundaries of the *lateral wall* of the axilla:

intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

the axilla is an important passageway for....

neurovascular structures to the upper limb

boundaries of the *anterior wall* of the axilla:

pectoralis major and minor

what muscle arises from the fascia covering the pectoralis major and deltoid?

platysma muscle (very superficial/mostly subcutaneous) considered in the superficial fascia

boundaries of the *posterior wall* of the axilla:

scapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi

boundaries of the *medial wall* of the axilla:

serratus anterior & thoracic wall

fascia of the pectoral region consists of ______ and ______ that define borders, invest muscles, and create potential spaces

superficial deep layers

superficial vs deep fascia

superficial: subcutaneous & fatty deep: compartmentalizing, surrounds muscle, attaches to bone in most cases

axillary fascia forms what?

the floor of axilla

cervical apex

where the cervical axillary canal enters