Fall of Rome/Germanic Tribes
Edict of Milan
Makes Christianity legal in the Roman empire
How did Theodoric handle the Romans' view of the law versus the Ostrogoths' view of the law? ("dual approach")
let roman citizens get ruled by roman law - Germanic people live under Germanic law
Wergeld
man payment - if I kill you, I pay your family your worth
Missi Dominici
messengers
BONUS - Alcuin
monk who who did something
What major contributions did Romans make?
roads, aqueducts, bridges, and buildings
Missi Dominici
"Messenger of the King"
Explain Roman law:
- Court system - Rule of law
What is the legacy of Rome?
- Culture (Architecture) - Science [city planning (grid)] - government (democracy, taxes, common law) - Religion (Catholic Church)
Reasons why the Roman Empire fell
- Diocletian's & Constantine death - debt - Germanic tribe invasion - split of Rome (East & West) - Rome getting too big - no one joining military - mercenaries (hired to be in military) - constant fighting
How are the Visigoths, Ostrogoths, and Franks similar? (values)
- Germanic Tribes - Values: family, warriors/fighting - caste system
Why was Clovis' early conversion to Catholic Christianity important?
- forces Germans into Christian religion - less German Arians - he has support from the Roman Catholic Church
what people in the Germanic tribes were worth more?
- men of fighting age - women of child bearing age
Explain Germanic law:
- personal, not always regulated - wergeld (payment) - compurgation - ordeal
What did Charlemagne accomplish while ruling?
- tried to go back to classical roots - 50 military campaigns - conquered Lombards, Saxons, Aquitania, Slovaks, Danish - King during Carolingian Renaissance
Visigoths and Ostrogoths differences:
-Visi convert to RCC -Ostro stayed Arian -Visi have constant warfare (no succesion laws) which caused them to be defeated by the Muslims in 711 -Ostrogoths have hereditary monarchy (fell to the Lombards)
Visigoths and Ostrogoths similarities:
-warrior kings -allow co-exsistence; Romans ruled under Roman law and Germans under German law -intermarriage
Who was the first leader of the Frankish Kingdom in Gaul?
Clovis I
ordeals
innocent/guilty
What were the kingdoms that used to be Frankish called?
1. Nuestria 2. Austrasia 3. Burgandy
What were the series of kingdoms that replaced the Roman empire?
1. Visigoths - muslims 2. Ostrogoths - Lombards 3. Franks - stayed
What was the average life span of women in the Germanic tribes?
30 - 40 years 20% died at child birth
What was the average life expectancy of a person in Europe? Why was this so low?
30 - 40 years - because many men died in battle, and many women died in childbirth. Also, there was no medicine so wounds got infected and diseases were hard to cure. Childhood diseases.
MA dates
476 - 1350
Who was Charles Martel?
A warrior who lead the Franks to victory agains the muslims at the Battle of Tours.
What is the difference between Arian Christianity and Catholic Christianity?
Arian Christians don't believe in the trinity & they believe Jesus was created by God, & not fully divine. While Catholic Christians think the opposite.
What religion did the Germans follow? What does it mean?
Arianism - you don't believe in the trinity Jesus was created by God. Not fully divine.
Where do the Swedish go?
Baltic Sea & Slavic areas in the east
What was the eastern half of the Roman empire called?
Byzantine
What is the Carolingian Empire?
Charlemagne's empire
Charles Martel's family tree
Charles Martel - Pepin Pepin - Charlemagne (Charles the Great) Charlemagne - Louis the Pious Louis the Pious - Lothar, Charles the Bald, Louis the German
Who was Charles Martel? What role did he play in the Middle Ages?
Charles lead his men to defeat the muslims in France
Who was Charlemagne? what names do historians call him?
Emperor of Rome. Charles the Great
Why is Constantine important?
He reunites the east and west of Rome. &&& FIRST CHRISTIAN LEADER. Causes everyone to convert to christianity. *Edict of Milan
After another leader, Merovingian died, what happened to the Frankish Kingdom:
His two sons split Frank into 3 kingdoms
In modern day the Ostrogoths were in...
Italy
What notable events happened in 800? Why did that happen, and why was it important?
On Christmas day in 800 Charlemagne was crowned the emperor of Rome by Pope Leo. Charlemagne was crowned because his brother had died. German King being crowned by Roman Catholic pope. First emperor in the west after the fall of Rome. Blends all elements of the middle ages culture together.
3 cultures/traditions that made up Medieval culture?
Roman Culture - Germanic Culture - Christianity
What were the 3 principal Germanic Groups?
Scandinavians - who lived in the North West Germans - modern day Germany The Goths: made up of two groups, the Visigoths and the Ostrogoths
In modern day the Visigoths were in...
Spain
Definition of the Middle Ages
The Middle Ages began in 476 with the fall of the western half of the Roman empire and ended in 1350 at the beginning of the renaissance. During the Middle Ages there was no political unity so the Catholic Church was the dominant force in Europe.
How did rulers of the vast Roman Empire keep the empire united?
The Roman government - whose officials enforced the Roman law
What caused the Germanic tribes to move westward?
The invasion of Huns and other Asiatic tribes
Why was farming difficult in the early Middle Ages?
The weather was very bad for it. Either too wet, or too dry
How are the Visigoths, Ostrogoths, and Franks different?
Visi & Ostro - "dual approach to law" -- Frankish don't Franks & Ostro = hereditary and the Visi = Not Visi & Franks = RCC & Ostro = Arian Christian
What parts of Frankish territory did each of Louis the Pious sons get?
West = Charles the Bald Middle = Lothar East = Louis the German
Compurgation
an oath sworn by an accused person that they would pay
Heretic
anybody who believes something not taught by the Roman Catholic church (muslims, arians)
Romans imported what from Greece?
artistic and philosophical ideas
Why was life in Europe during the early Middle Ages so difficult?
barbarians were constantly fighting over land? As well as starvation & the weather for farming
How did he organize his empire? (officers)
counts - (judges, military officials) margraves - protected boarders Missi Dominici "Messenger of the King"
Carolingian Renaissance
developed new ways of producing books, provided literate officials, established writing rooms, established a new writing style which was preserved in ancient and classical texts, he also built schools
Where did the Danish go?
eastern England
Vikings (invade)
sweds invaded area around baltic sea , danes invaded Britain , and Norwegians invaded Britain
Zeno
tells Theodoric to take back Eastern Rome (Byzantine Emperor)
What are the names of the three of the major Germanic tribes that migrated into Europe and England in the 5th and 6th centuries?
the Ostrogoths, Visigoths, and Franks
Pax Romana means ...
the peace of Rome
843
treaty of Verdun stops Louis the Pious son's fighting over the Carolingian empire.
Germanic war leaders were called ______ by the Romans. His band of warrior-followers was called a ________ in Latin.
war leaders called princeps by the Romans his band of warrior-followers called comitatus in latin
