Federal Government Unit 2

When Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected president in 1932, there were more than _____ million workers who were unemployed, compared to only 1 million in 1860.

10 million

Which amendment of the Constitution was at the center of the famous Supreme Court case, Plessy v. Ferguson?

14th Amendment

The First National Bank of the United States was established in what year?

1791

Which of the following happened during the New Deal period? A) The New Deal programs thrust federal power into policy areas previously reserved for the states. B) Franklin Roosevelt's programs lost him the 1936 election. C) The New Deal programs were not as popular with voters as they were with the Supreme Court. D) The Supreme Court struck down key pieces of the New Deal programs.

A and D The New Deal programs thrust federal power into policy areas previously reserved for the states. The Supreme Court struck down key pieces of the New Deal programs.

In Federalist No. 10, Madison said that American liberties would be protected by:

A large republic.

The necessary and proper, or elastic, clause of the Constitution:

Allows Congress to have powers that are not listed in the Constitution but needed to exercise listed powers.

Welfare Reform Act:

Americans believed that too many people were getting undeserved benefits and federal programs had become too expensive.

Great Society programs:

Americans supported government-provided health care for the elderly and poor.

Which of the following cases involved attempts by the national government to curb business practices as part of their authority to regulate commerce? A) McCulloch v. New York B) Lochner v. New York C) Plessy v. Ferguson D) Hammer v. Dagenhart

B and D Lochner v. New York Hammer v. Dagenhart

Political conservatives who favor more political power devolved back to the states would likely prefer which of the following?

Block grants.

Which of the following amendments contains a due process clause? A) Twenty-first. B) Tenth. C) Fourteenth. D) Third. E) First.

C Fourteenth.

Which of the following terms best describes the power relationship between the various layers of government during the era of cooperative federalism? A) Hostile B) Independent C) Overlapping D) Competitive

C Overlapping

Which of the following were the major weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? A) The state governments refused to sell weapons to other states in time of military need. B) The national army picked fights with the smaller, weaker state armies. C) The national government had no power to regulate interstate commerce. D) The national government had no power to tax.

C and D The national government had no power to regulate interstate commerce. The national government had no power to tax.

Which of the following are the two most important forces in the evolution of the American federal structure? A) The actions of some states to secede from the union. B) The desire of the states to surrender power to the national government. C) The strength of partisan interests that sought to change the balance of power between the nations and the states. D) The country's changing needs.

C and D ~The strength of partisan interests to change the balance of power between the nations and the states. ~ The country's changing needs.

Grants-in-aid refer to:

Cash transfers from the federal government to state and localities to administer programs.

In the 2014 case of Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, the Supreme Court ruled that:

Companies with only a few owners can refuse, on religious grounds, to include contraceptives in employees' health coverage.

Which choice below describes the American change in governmental structure in 1787?

Confederal to federal.

Which system grants sovereignty solely to non-central governments, thereby making the central government dependent on them?

Confederation system.

The Constitution's commerce clause says that _______ shall have the power to "regulate commerce" among the states.

Congress

Which of the following is true about the Sedition Act of 1798? A) The Supreme Court ruled the Act unconstitutional. B) Thomas Jefferson strongly supported it. C) The Senate voted it down, while the House passed it. D) The Act prohibited malicious newspaper stories about the president. E) The state governments refused to enforce it.

D The Act prohibited malicious newspaper stories about the president.

Prior to the Great Depression, the _____ party supported greater regulation of business and more rights for labor, while the ______ was ideologically committed to free markets and smaller government.

Democratic, Republican

A recent trend has intergovernmental relations has been to "pass down" policy authority from the national government to state and local governments, known as:

Devolution

The doctrine by which state and national authority was separated precisely is known as:

Dual Federalism

The USA Patriot Act: A) Was enacted in response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. B) Relaxed restrictions on the sharing of intelligence surveillance information with criminal investigators. C) Grants the government new powers of surveillance. D) Gives intelligence agencies the authority to share crime-related information with law enforcement agencies. E) All these answers are correct.

E All these answers are correct.

The Lemon test is designed to:

Ensure the secular nature of a government action.

A _____ system of government is one in which the power to govern is shared between a national government and smaller governments, with each retaining some exclusive power.

Federal

According to the supremacy clause in Article VI of the Constitution, which layer of government prevails whenever federal and state law conflict?

Federal

The Constitution enumerates powers for which level of government?

Federal

The expenditure of federal funds on programs run in part through state and local governments is known as:

Fiscal Federalism

In the Johnson flag-burning case, the Supreme Court ruled that:

Flag burning, although offensive, cannot be prohibited.

Which post-Civil War amendment required the states to provide their citizens equal protection under the laws?

Fourteenth Amendment

In the case of McNabb v. United States, Justice Felix Frankfurter defined the "history of liberty" primarily in terms of whether:

Governments had observed procedural guarantees.

The complex demands of contemporary society:

Have shifted power to the national government.

National Government:

Implied and enumerated powers

The elastic clause is related to which of the following concepts?

Implied powers.

Which of the following describes the fact that what happens in a policy area at one level government affects what happens at all other levels. A) Inter-agency B) Interconnectedness C) Interdependency D) Intermobility

Interdependency

Compared to categorical grants, the use of block grants:

Is less narrowly defined, which means the recipients enjoy greater discretion.

Why were the Anti-Federalists concerned about passage of the "necessary and proper" clause?

It provided a constitutional basis for expanding federal power.

During the Great Depression, Americans turned to the federal government when:

It was clear that the states would be unable to help.

Who of the following were the authors of the Federalist Papers, which argued for ratifying the Constitution?

James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton.

The Anti-Federalists believed that state-centered helped to serve the people's interests by promoting which two core democratic values:

Liberty and self-government

One drawback to federalism today is that:

Many people feel that the federal government has expanded too far into areas that should be controlled at a state or local level.

In 1965 the federal government partnered with states to provide health care to the poor as part of which program?

Medicaid

As a result of the Supreme Court's ruling in Dred Scott v. Sanford, the Supreme Court invalidated which of the following:

Missouri Compromise

The Miranda warning was strengthened by the Supreme Court in 2004 in:

Missouri v. Siebert.

An increase in national authority is known as:

Nationalization

In the spirit of devolution, President Ronald Reagan proposed a type of federalism, called " ______ federalism" that would give more control to the states and localities.

New

Block Grants

Provide the greatest discretion for allocating funds.

A key factor in the struggle between the national and state governments to define the boundaries of federal-state power has been:

Public support for federal policies compared with state policies.

Categorical grants:

Recipients must spend the funds for designated purpose.

Which of the following is almost exclusively a state power?

Registering voters.

The Supreme Court in Gibbons v. Ogden interpreted the meaning of which constitutional power of congress?

Regulating commerce between the states.

States powers

Reserved

The president who began to move power, funds, and responsibility back to the states in what was called new federalism was:

Ronald Reagan

The Dred Scott decision involved the issue of:

Slavery.

President Lyndon Johnson promoted federal initiatives to help the poor as part of his Great _____ program.

Society

Supreme and final governing authority is known as:

Sovereignty

Which of the following characterized the era of dual federalism?

State supremacy in racial policy.

The Articles of Confederation created a union of:

States

Why do states continue to accept federal grant money?

States depend on the federal grant money to meet policy needs.

States' reserved powers are provided through the _____ Amendment.

Tenth

The "separate but equal" standard was created by:

The Supreme Court.

What was the legal argument in McCulloch v. Maryland against the federal government's establishing a national bank?

The enumerated powers under Article I do not give Congress the power to create a national bank.

Who or what defines the purpose of a categorical grant?

The federal government

Since the 1930's:

The federal government had dramatically increased its power.

Which of the following has occurred under cooperative federalism? A) The federal government has been more heavily involved in policy areas traditionally reserved for the states. B) State governments have washed their hands of numerous responsibilities previously held by states. C) The state governments have together assumed powers that the national government traditionally held. D) The state governments have refused to accept support from the federal government.

The federal government has been more heavily involved in policy areas traditionally reserved for the states.

New Deal programs:

The government responded to massive unemployment during the Great Depression.

Which of the following is the primary challenge made by states as to the constitutionality of federal grant programs? A)The federal income tax violates the Constitution, so funding is illegal. B) The states are too dependent upon federal dollars. C) States only challenge the constitutionality of federal grant programs when they want more money. D) The grant programs intrude too heavily on the reserved powers of the states.

The grant programs intrude too heavily on the reserved powers of the states.

The Supreme Court has reasoned that a right of privacy is provided by:

The implication of the right to privacy by the freedoms in the Bill of Rights.

Why is the "necessary and proper" clause also referred to as the elastic clause?

The national government can use the clause to stretch its enumerated authority.

Which of the following best describes the limit that dual federalism places on national government power? A) The national government is kept from extending its power into policy areas traditionally reserved for the states. B) Dual federalism does not limit the national government. C) Dual federalism left racial policy up to the sole discretion of the national government. D) The national government is limited to providing national defense and enforcing foreign policy.

The national government is kept from extending its power into policy areas traditionally reserved for the states.

The implied powers of Congress derive from which clause of the Constitution?

The necessary and proper clause.

Which of the following conditions or strings is typically attached to a categorical formula grant?

The state or local government must provide some of the finding.

In the U.S. system, which phrase best describes the relationship between the state governments and the local governments within the state?

The system is unitary because the states create counties and cities and grant them all their powers.

What did Reagan promote as part of his version of "new federalism"?

The use of block grants over categorical grants.

When the key pieces of the New Deal programs were struck down by the Supreme Court, President Franklin Roosevelt responded by:

Threatening to pack the court with his own justices.

True of false: During the 1930's, the Supreme Court ruled that the Congress had the power to regulate all aspects of commerce as an industrial economy could not be confined to one state and thus must be subject to national regulation.

True

True or false: Madison and Hamilton thought that the federal structure would encourage the state and national governments to check each other if either became abusive to individual freedom.

True

True or false: Prior to the passage of the United States Constitution, many of the states governed under their own state constitutions that dated back to the colonial era.

True

Federal laws that set up requirements for states without providing the money to pay for them are called ____ mandates.

Unfunded

A system in which the national government alone has sovereignty (final governing authority) is called a _____ system.

Unitary

Which of the following was a central issue from the earliest years of the Constitution until the end of the Civil War? A) Whether states through their militias would be part of the national army. B) Whether the national government would be allowed a role in education policy C) Whether the national government would give women the right to vote. D) Whether the Union would survive.

Whether the Union would survive.

Which of the following statements are true of the U.S. federal system? A) The national government has steadily lost power since Harry Truman's presidency. B) Dual federalism characterizes the modern federalist system. C) The authority of the national government has expanded greatly since the 1930's. D) The national government now operates in many policy areas traditionally reserved to the states.

~ Dual federalism characterizes the modern federalist system. ~ The authority of the national government has expanded greatly since the 1930s. ~ The national government now operates in many policy areas traditionally reserved to the states.

Which of the following actions gave the national government more power than the states during George W. Bush's presidency?

~ The No Child Left Behind Act ~Creating the Department of Homeland Security

Which of the following are reasons why the policy role of the federal government has expanded greatly since the earlier 20th century?

~ The superior taxing ability of the federal government. ~ Americans expect government help. ~ The interdependency of American society.

Which of the following were primary goals of the welfare reform bill, the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act, passed by Congress in 1996?

~Reduce federal spending on welfare. ~Reduce the number of welfare recipients. ~Increase the states discretion in administering welfare programs. ~Increase assistance for the children of welfare recipients.

What did the Supreme Court decide in McCulloch v. Maryland?

~That national law overrides state law ~That the necessary and proper clause implies the power to establish a national bank.