Feline BOARDS
1 = basal cell tumor 2 = mast cell tumor
#1 and #2 most common tumors of cat skin
Demodex gatoi -More short and stubby mite which lives superficially not in follicle -Pruritic
-Contagious Demodex of cat -Lives where in skin? -Appearance -Pruritic or not
CISPLATIN = pulmonary edema 5-fluro-uracil = neurotoxic
2 contraindicated chemotherapeutics in cats and why
-Prednisolone (anti-inflammatory dose) -Theophylline (bronchodilator) -
3 drugs to treat feline bronchial dz (Asthma) -
FLUTD, urolith, or idiopathic cystitis
3 most common differentials for pollakuria, dysuria, and hematuria
FELV, Feline coronovirus, Feline panleukopenia, feline herpes virus
4 cat viruses that can be passed from close contact
Treat with robaxin, iv fluids, and diazepam if the tremoring does not stop, BATHE cat
6-month male DSH for hypersalivation and tremoring. The owner applied an over the counter topical flea medication this morning when she found 2 fleas on him - treatment?
renal dz
A 9-year old spayed female Siamese cat is presented to you for a 6-month history of polydipsia (the owner has documented water consumption of 110 ml/kg/day) and a 1 month history of weight loss and progressively decreasing appetite. Which of the following is a likely differential to explain these clinical signs?
Hyperphosphatemia from being blocked results in calcium being driven down -CALCIUM GLUCONATE to treat
A cat that begins shaking uncontrollably after being unblocked? Why it is shaking? What to do?
c.)A mixed pleocytosis and elevated protein on CSF analysis with no bacteria
A cat with CNS signs (ataxia, cranial nerve deficits)...Which is not a convincing indicator that Cryptococcus is the cause of its signs? a.)Demonstration of numerous small yeasts with large capsules in a CSF tap b.)A latex agglutination titer of 1:100 on CSF c.)A mixed pleocytosis and elevated protein on CSF analysis with no bacteria d.)A latex agglutination titer of 1:10,000 on serum
fever, lymphadenopathy, headache, malaise
A human is scratch by his cat that has Bartonella Henselae what symptoms do we expect
Send off for Fluorescent antibody testing, if positive, then truly positive
A three month old kitten tests positive for FELV on snap? What next?
AST is released from mitochondria - think poorer prognosis with AST from liver because these cells don't regenerate
AST elevation without elevated CK think?
increased appetite
Appetite of hyperthyroid cat
BILATERAL MASTECTOMY
Best surgical procedure for mass in cats mammae
Laxatone (mineral oil)
Best treatment for cat with hairballs and vomiting
Reduce stress
Best way to prevent calicivirus and herpes virus
flea control
Best way to prevent cat scratch fever from spreading
-reduce stress
Best way to prevent feline herpes virus and calicivirus and the answer is not vaccinate!
abysinnian
Breed predisposed to amyloid deposition in kidney
siamese and himalayans
Breeds predisposed to chylothorax
cholangiohepatitis
Cat diagnosis of elevated GGT and ALP
Severe chemosis wt no corneal or oral ulceration suggests Chlamydophila felis
Cat presents with no corneal or oral ulceration, think?
transmitted by cat scratch that has flea ingested blood in claw, it is treated with DOXYCYCLINE or erythromycin but this often DOES NOT clear dz, b/c bacteria lives in RBCs, but will likely clear the bacteremia. The vector is FLEAS
Cat scratch fever is transmitted by? Treated with? Vector? cellls the bacteria lives in?
hepatic lipidosis
Cat that doesnt eat for 1 day is predisposed to?
-Hyperthyroid -Cardiac Dz -Pancreatitis -Bacterial Infection
Cats often have 4 concurrent conditions when they presents as a DKA?
Taurine for proper growth of cardiac tissue, Arachidonic acid, and arginine to promote removal of nitrogenous waste
Cats require these in their diet?
-Increased metabolic activity results in ELEVATED ALT, ALP, increased GFR with lower Creatinine and lower BUN than expected,
Cats with Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy- Expected blood work findings?
ATROPINE - increases bronchial secretions making them thicker and can BLOCK Airways BETA BLOCKERS - causes BRONCHIAL CONSTRICTION as well as slowed HR
Cats with chronic feline bronchial disease (feline asthma) should never be given?
bartonella henselae
Cause of cat scratch fever
Often renal insufficiency is masked by hyperthyroidism that increases RENAL PERFUSION, therefore when T4 levels are brought back to normal, AZOTEMIA and renal failure ensure, also Methimazole is HEPATOTOXIC
Chemistry panel is always run prior to treatment for Hyperthyroidism b/c
-Extremely high protein similar to serum (Around 7 g/dL) with moderate cell counts and GOLD/ STRAW color to it
Classic FIP findings on thoracocentesis
hypergammaglobulinemia
Common bloodwork finding with FIP
2(I3/3 C1/1 P3/2 M1/1)
Dental Formula of Cats
Microsporum Canis (Only ringworm that light up under woods lamp), Treat with lyme Sulfur dip and ORAL itraconazole
Diagnosis and Treatment
FORL - remove all teeth
Diagnosis and treatment?
Histopath = Gold standard 7b protein = can be done (but not always expressed) Real time PCR = can be done (but must use biopsy not serum) CORONOVIRUS TITERS = worthless don't tell us anything
Diagnosis of Feline infectious Peritonitis is accomplished by? Gold Standard...Never do this.... Can be done with theses?
-Ronidazole - overdose causes neurotoxicity
Drug of choice to treat Tritrichomonas Foetus in cats - Overdose causes?
flabby skin due to lack of collagen production
Ehrlos Danlos is a rare condition that shows?
Pink to yellow and are non-pruritic, appear around face and head
Eosinophilic granulomas in cats look like? Pruritic or not?
low cellularity with high protein
Expectation of fluid associated with FIP
high cellularity
Expectation of fluid associated with Neoplasia
Low bun and creatinine from increased GFR, maybe elevated BUN from muscle catabolism. Elevated ALT, and ALP from increased metabolism
Expected finding of Hyperthyroid cat on bloodwork
p27 protein - test again in 3 months
FELV snap tests for? -What to do if positive FELV snap and negative IFA
DYSPNEA, lethargy, febrile -Treatment = Tap fluid, glucocorticoids but worry of immunosuppression so must use concurrent antibiotics,
FIP clinical signs and treatment?
Macrophages
FIP exists in what cells
Fecal-oral route
Feline Corona Virus is spread how?
-Expiratory push
Feline asthma hallmark on auscultation
Bovine
Feline insulin is most similar to what other specie's insulin
Suggests CHOLANGIOHEPATITIS = GGT indicates BILE DUCT - GGT will NOT be elevated with Hepatic Lipidosis
GGT elevations with elevation in ALT suggest what in cats and does not suggest?
SADDLE THROMBUS
HCM most common side effect
-tympanic membrane rupture
Horners syndrome in cat after ear flush suggests?
Pyelonephritis
Hydronephrosis of the proximal ureter with pyelectasia describes?
Feline panleukopenia virus
Hypermetric kitten likely had previous infection of?
1.) Chem Panel - as Renal Dz is often masked by Hyperthyroidism 2.) Thoracic radiographs - as HCM is a common concurrent finding
In a hyperthyroid cat, prior to treatment, these two things must always be run to get a baseline.
Under 500 maybe Hyperthyroid if over than think concurrent hepatic dz
In cats, ALT elevations of under 500 suggest? If over 500 think
ciliary body
In the feline eye, where is aqueous produced?
Pneumonitis
KBR has been known to cause what in 35% of cats
Young to middle aged
KNOW this -Age of cats diagnosed with HCM
Hydration, prokinetic, Laxative, fiber, and removal of feces
Mainstay treatments of MegaColon (5)
-CAT WILL NOT GET CATARACTS!!!
Major difference b/t dog and cat with diabetes in terms of clinical outcome
often malignant as compared to dog, and therefore BILATERAL not regional mastectomy is recommended
Mammary neoplasia in cats and surgery of choice
don't exist
Maternal antibodies for HW?
Cat
More likely to have HW larvae migrate from the heart- Cat or Dog
Bartonella Henselae
Most common Cause of Bartonella in cats
taurine deficiency
Most common cause of DCM in cat
Acetominophen toxicity
Most common cause of methemoglobinemia in cat?
calicivirus
Most common cause of oral ulceration in cat
polydactylism
Most common digit abnormality seen in cat
Methimazole
Most common drug in cats to cause severe pruritus especially of the face
mediastinal mass
Most common reason for lymphoma positive cat to have dyspnea
Mediastinal in cats under 3 years of age -dyspnea, regurgitation, or Horner's syndrome
Most common type of FELV in cat and most common signalment -3 most common clinical signs
I-131
Most effective therapy for hyperthyroid cat with normal renal function that can't tolerate pruritus associated with methimazole
-growth hormone from acromegaly
Most likely cause of cat with uncontrolled diabetes
ALP elevation is GREATER than GGT elevation when using upper reference interval ratio along with OBESITY in ANORECTIC cat
Most suggestive FINDING on BLOODWORK of Hepatic Lipidosis in cat?
Stertor and stridor
Obstructive breathing is characterized by
Histopathology, Immunohistochemistry, or PCR, -7B elisa is not always expressed, can't do PCR on SERUM
Only ways to diagnose FIP everytime
Better prognosis than dogs - slow to metastasize and amputation is usually curative
Osteosarcoma in cats- prognosis?
Feline distemper attacks the white blood cells and intestines
Panleukopenia is also known as ____and most often attacks _______
Vertically and Horizontally spread, it infects bone marrow and spreads via neutrophils and platelets causing viremia, -Virus is secreted through Urine and saliva
Pathogenesis of FELV -How spread, cells it infects? -Virus is secreted where?
I-131
Permanent treatment for hyperthyroidism
patchy alveolar pattern unlike dog
Pneumonia on radiograph of cat
dyspnea and ascites
Presentation of cat with wet form of FIP
flea prevention, 21 day course of doxycycline, and clip nails of cat short -
Prevention of zoonosis with bartonella
Hepatotoxicity
Primary negative side effect of methimazole?
Itraconazole
Prolonged use of this drug has been known to cause Pemphigus in cats
Cryptococcus
Roman nose describes what fungal process in cats
-Total T4
Screening test of choice for feline hyperthyroidism?
gingivitis but calicivirus also causes this
Signs of bartonella in cat?
fever and anorexia
Signs of pyelonephritis include
-Run urine culture, if negative, then Change to Acidifying diet
Struvite crystals are found in cat urine analysis- Most important things to do?
central retinal degeneration
Taurine deficiency in cats causes what abnormality in the eye?
Plasma cell pododermatitis - Biopsy to diagnose
Test to diagnose? Tentative diagnosis
Type A -The presence of agglutination as seen in the circle on the right occurs because the anti-A antibodies on the card bind the type A antigen present of the cat's red blood cells. Agglutination in both wells would indicate an AB cat, which is rare. Mik is a recently identified feline blood group antigen; a proportion of type A cats lack expression of Mik and have a serum alloantibody for Mik. This can be a cause of acute hemolytic transfusion reactions in cats, even if they are matched for their blood type. This card (and most blood typing kits) do not test for Mik.
The card shown below is used for determining feline blood types. On the card, the circle on the left has heat inactivated antibodies against the type B feline antigen. The circle on the right has heat inactivated antibodies against the type A feline antigen. 50 ul of anticoagulated blood from a cat has been mixed with 50 ul of saline and added to each circle on the card 2 minutes ago. What is the cat's blood type?
-NEOMYCIN (can cause severe inflammatory reaction)
This DRUG should never be given to CATS in the eye
PSS - pytalism (See copper colored iris)
This is pathognomic for? Other expected findings?
herpes virus causing corneal ulcers sometimes called DENDRITIC ULCERS
This is?
Clumping litter
This litter has been shown to be preferentially utilized by cats?
-Stasis of blood in left atrium
Thromboembolism in cat usually occurs from?
underlying renal dz - hyperthyroidism allowed for increased GFR
Treating hyperthyroid cat often reveals
-Calcium channel blockers (lower BP) -Phosphate binders (if hyperphosphatemic) -H2 antagonists -Restricted proteins
Treatment for chronic renal failure patients include?
Topical trifluridine (or other topical antibiotics)
Treatment for feline herpes virus causing dendritic ulceration
Remove all teeth
Treatment for feline resorptive neck lesions
-Immunosuppressive doses of prednisolone, but BUDESONIDE has better affinity for the GI TRACT -SEE HYPERTROPHIED MUSCULARIS LAYER
Treatment for inflammatory bowel disease on ultrasound? Diagnostic finding on ultrasound?
CORTICOSTEROIDS ONLY - NO ADULTICIDES!
Treatment of Feline HW
PROKINETIC FLUIDS PSYLLIUM (Fiber)
Treatment of Megacolon in cat
keep normal diet if eating
Treatment of cat pancreatitis? diet change?
prednisone and ursodiol
Treatment of non-supporative cholangiohepatitis?
enucleation as it is likely a trauma associated sarcoma
Treatment of traumatic eye lesion in cat that progresses to blindness
True
True or false- Antibody tests for HW can detect both male and female infections
-If female HW infection = Positive antigen test -If all males = negative antigen test -Antibody testing is inconclusive b/c may show exposure or active infection, -With small burden (may not mount a response), therefore negative antibody and positive antibody mean nothing
Truth behind antigen and antibody tests for feline HW?
toxoplasmosis - treat with clindamycin
UVEITIS with multiple episodes of seizure in cat? Diagnosis and treatment
Rabies vaccine given in distal right rear leg, FeLV vaccine given in distal left rear leg, no vaccines should be given in intrascapular space
Vaccine injection site recommendation for rabies, felv, and all other vaccines
8ug/L
When diagnosing EPI in cat, a trypsinogen level less than ___ is diagnostic.
Mycoplasma haemofelis
Which of the following is the causative agent of Feline Infectious Anemia?
Acute cholangiohepatitis -3-3.5 year old cats -50% survival longterm -50% death in 3 months -Antibiotics = treatment -Ursodiol
You perform an ultrasound guided liver biopsy. Histopathology indicates fibrosis associated with portal triads, bile duct proliferation, and centrilobular accumulation of bile with casts in canalicular areas. -What is diagnosis and prognosis -Signalment and treatment
feline panleukopenia virus
most likely differential for four year old cat with anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever?