fermentation (anaerobic respiration)
____ is "usable" energy in the cell.
ATP
a way of making ____ without oxygen is called fermentation.
ATP
aerobic respiration produces much more ____ than anaerobic respiration.
ATP
most organisms use oxygen to make _____ from glucose.
ATP
what recycles during fermentation?
NAD+
what performs cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen?
aerobic organisms
what are some advantages of aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
aerobic: 36-38 ATP produced, as well as many other things (e.g. NADH, FADH2) anaerobic: is a shorter process, many foods and industries have come from anaerobic organism (yeast, other helpful bacteria)
in ____ fermentation, pyruvic acid changes to alcohol and carbon dioxide.
alcoholic
why is bread light and fluffy?
alcoholic fermentation (yeast) allows the bread dough to rise; during this process CO2 bubbles form, which leaves holes in the bread after it bakes, giving it that light and fluffy texture
what is fermentation/anaerobic respiration?
an important way of making ATP without oxygen; respiration in the absence of oxygen
in alcoholic respiration _____ is released.
carbon dioxide
the small holes in bread are formed by bubbles of _____ gas, which is produced by alcoholic fermentation in yeast.
carbon dioxide
true or false: anaerobic respiration is a slow process.
false; it is a very fast process
what is alcoholic fermentation?
fermentation in which pyruvic acid changes to alcohol and carbon dioxide
what is lactic acid fermentation?
fermentation in which pyruvic acid from glycolysis changes to lactic acid
organisms that can make ATP without oxygen include some plants and ____ and also of many bacteria.
fungi (e.g. yeast)
during lactic acid fermentation, NAD+ cycles back to allow _____ to continue.
glycolysis
fermentation involves ____, but not the other two stages of cellular respiration.
glycolysis
what stage of cellular respiration that occurs with or without oxygen?
glycolysis
why is NAD+ so important in fermentation?
glycolysis depends on it because it recycles NAD+ and continues the process
fermentation involves which sages of cellular respiration?
just glycolysis
in _____ fermentation, pyruvic acid from glycolysis changes to lactic acid.
lactic acid
in lactic acid fermentation _____ is produced.
lactic acid
what makes your muscles feel tired and sore after intense exercise?
lactic acid
what organism can use lactic acid fermentation for energy?
muscle cells
aerobic respiration evolved after ____ was added to Earth's atmosphere.
oxygen
most living things use _____ to make _____ from ATP.
oxygen; ATP
both lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation begin with the same molecule. what is that molecule and where did it come from?
pyruvate... came from glycolysis
what is a product of glycolysis and a reactant of fermentation?
pyruvic acid
after intense activity, your muscles feel sore because of _____.
the accumulation of lactic acid
what is fermentation?
the process of making ATP without the presence of O2
true or false: anaerobic respiration allows organisms to live in places where there is little or no oxygen.
true
true or false: anaerobic respiration evolved before aerobic respiration.
true
without oxygen, organisms can just split glucose into _____ molecules of pyruvate.
two
why do your muscles get sore after intense activity?
when the muscle cells are exerted, lactic acid builds up in the cells and causes soreness afterwards
what is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
whether oxygen is present or not; the amount of ATP produced
____ in bread dough use alcoholic fermentation and produce carbon dioxide gas.
yeast
what organism can use alcoholic fermentation for energy?
yeast
which of the following organisms can perform alcoholic fermentation? (1) yeast, (2) humans, (3) bacteria
yeast and bacteria
what does alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation have in common?
• starts with pyruvic acid • recycles NAD+ from NADH • allows glycolysis to continue