Final Exam 2 MC questions
Complications of Chagas' disease in humans include: A. grossly enlarged heart; B. destruction of mucosal tissue; C. blindness; D. gross swelling of the lower legs.
grossly enlarged heart
Where does Rickettsia prowazekii propagate in the body louse? A) flight muscles; B) gut wall; C) spiracles; D) salivary glands
gut wall
What is pediculosis? A) A viral disease of the feet; B) An infestation of cockroaches; C) An infestation of lice; D) Ulcer-like sore created by Leishmania protozoans
an infestation of lice
Malaria is vectored by: A) Anopheles mosquitoes B) Aedes mosquitoes C) both Anopheles and Aedes mosquitoes D) black flies in the genus Simulium
anopheles mosquitoes
You travel in India and get malaria. The mosquito that bit you was most likely: A) Anopheles stephensi B) Anopheles gambiae C) Aedes aegypti D) Culex pipiens
anopheles stephensi
Where does Rickettsia prowazekii propagate in the human body louse? A. malpighian tubules; B. salivary glands; C. spiracles; D. gut wall
gut wall
What is the primary reservoir for Rickettsia prowazekii? A. humans; B. human body louse; C. birds; D. head louse
humans
What is a vector that transmits river blindness pathogens? A. Onchocerca volvulus; B. Borrelia recurrentis; C. Simulium damnosum; D. Difilaria immitis
simulium damnosum
A negative reaction to the saliva of black flies is called: A) fly spit poisoning B) simulotoxicosis C) metamorphosis D) onchocerciasis
simulotoxicosis
Mosquitoes that breed in treeholes are difficult to effectively control because: A. breeding sites are often difficult to locate; B. larval populations in treeholes are often controlled naturally by starvation, and thus human efforts to control the larvae may inhibit this natural control; C. adult females of treehole species do not blood feed; D. Two of the above; E. None of the above
two of the above
How can epidemic typhus be transmitted to people from lice? A. via infected saliva; B. via infected feces (or frass); C. via crushed lice; D. two of the above; E. all of the above
two of the above
If you recently took a trip to Brazil and after returning came down with a high fever and muscle/joint aches, you might want to get tested for the following disease: A. Dengue; B. Chikungunya; C. Zika; D. any or all of the above
any or all of the above
Once ingested, how long does it take a typical arbovirus to penetrate the gut wall of a mosquito? A) 20-30 minutes; B) 1-3 hours; C) 3-7 days; D) 2-3 weeks
3-7 days
In a community with a high rate of malaria transmission, what groups of people are most likely to die of malaria, and why? (A) young children, because they have not had enough exposure to develop resistance yet; (B) women in their first or second pregnancy, because the placenta is a susceptible tissue for certain malaria strains; (C) elderly adults, because their immune system is weak; (D) all people are at similar risk of dying; (E) A+B; (F) B+C; (G) A+C
A+B
Why has it been so difficult to develop a vaccine against malaria? A) multiple developmental stages that do not share antigenic targets are involved; B) parasites are hidden from the immune system except for brief intervals C) parasites coat themselves with host proteins so the immune system cannot tell they are non-self D) A+B E) B+C
A+B
At one time, malaria was common in Northern Europe. Suppose a person was bitten by a mosquito in the late Fall, and the following Spring came down with malaria. What scenario is most likely to describe malaria transmission in that situation: (A) An Anopheles mosquito fed and injected Plasmodium falciparum merozoites , which infected the patient's spleen, entered a dormant state called a trophozoite, and entered the circulation as gametocytes the following Spring. (B) An Anopheles mosquito fed and injected Plasmodium vivax sporozoites , which infected the patient's liver, entered a dormant state called a hypnozoite, and entered the circulation as merozoites the following Spring. (C) An Aedes mosquito fed and injected Plasmodium vivax merozoites , which infected the patient's liver, entered a dormant state called a trophozoite, and entered the circulation as gametocytes the following Spring. (D) An Aedes mosquito fed and injected Plasmodium falciparum merozoites , which infected the patient's spleen, entered a dormant state called a hypnozoite, and entered the circulation as merozoites the following Spring. (E) An Anopheles mosquito fed and injected Plasmodium knowlesii sporozoites , which infected the patient's liver, entered a dormant state called a hypnozoite, and entered the circulation as sporozoites the following Spring.
An anopheles mosquito fed and injected plasmodium vivax sporozoites, which infected the patients liver, entered a dormant state called a hypnzoite, and entered the circulation as merozoites the following spring
What mosquito-borne virus can be transmitted transovarially from an infected female to their eggs? A. Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus; B. Lac Crosse Encephalitis virus; C. St. Louis Encephalitis virus; D. West Nile virus
Lac Crosse Encephalitis virus
Novel diseases continue to evolve, often as a result of zoonotic parasites adapting to human hosts. Regarding malaria, this statement is true in regard to: (A) Plasmodium berghei, a parasite of rodents, causing outbreaks in Africa; (B) Plasmodium gallinaceum, a parasite of birds, causing outbreaks in India; (C) Plasmodium chabaudi, a parasite of rodents, causing outbreaks in Southeast Asia; (D) Plasmodium knowlesii, a parasite of long-tailed macaques, causing outbreaks in Southeast Asia; (E) Plasmodium phagocytophyllum, a parasite of gibbons, causing outbreaks in Burma.
Plasmodium knowlesii, a parasite of long-tailed macaques, causing outbreaks in Southeast Asia
The term "orphan disease" is best defined as: (A) a disease that kills adults and produces lots of orphans; (B) a disease that lacks a sufficient economic potential to justify research and development of new drugs; (C) a disease that commonly attacks children, named due to outbreaks in orphanages; (D) a disease that cannot be treated with any known drug
a diease that lacks a sufficient economic potential to justify research and development of new drugs
The term "orphan disease" refers to: (a) a disease that kills mainly adults, producing many orphaned children, (b) a disease that lacks an economic basis to support drug development or manufacture, (c) a disease that is completely distinct from all others, so it requires a unique treatment strategy, (d) a disease in which the exact cause is not known.
a disease that lacks an economic basis to support drug development or manufacture
The pathogen that causes Chagas's disease is transmitted from the vector insect to humans via: A. a fecal/frass deposit while feeding; B. regurgitation of blood during feeding; C. infected saliva during feeding; D. all of the above
a fecal/frass deposit while feeding
Dengue fever if contracted twice (via different strains) can have a very serious complication called? A) hemorrhagic fever B) microcephaly of newborn babies C) megalacolo D) elephantiasis
a hemorrhagic fever
What is simulotoxicosis? A) A form of pesticide poisoning B) A negative reaction to the saliva of black flies C) A viral disease vectored by mosquitoes D) An allergic reaction to cockroaches
a negative reaction to the saliva of black flies
Which of these habitats would be likely places for mosquito larvae to live? A) temporary rainwater pool B) mountain stream C) reservoir lake D) all of the above
a temporary rainwater pool
Why has it been so difficult to develop a vaccine against malaria? (A) multiple developmental stages that do not share antigenic targets are involved; (B) parasites are hidden from the immune system except for brief intervals; (C) parasites coat themselves with host proteins so the immune system cannot tell they are non-self; (D) A + B; (E) B + C
a+b
Lymphatic filariasis has been targeted for eradication by 2020. What strategy is being used towards this goal? (A) mass vaccination with an efficient vaccine, RTSS, which is provided free of cost by pharmaceutical companies; (B) reducing vector populations by treating rivers with a biological insecticide, BTi, which is provided free of cost by manufacturers; (C) replacing thatch roofs with metal, filling in cracks in walls, and using insecticidal paint to make houses unsuitable for the vector; (D) administering ivermectin and albendizole (provided free by drug manufacturers) to every person in areas where transmission occurs, so as to interrupt transmission, for the lifespan of the adult worms.
administering ivermectin and albendizole (provided free by drug manufacturers) to every person in areas where transmission occurs, so as to interrupt transmission, for the lifespan of the adult worms.
Of these people, head lice most commonly occur on: A) the elderly B) sexually-active college age people C) adults in their late 20s and early 30s D) new-born babies
adults in their late 20s and early 30s
In areas with endemic malaria, which groups of people are most likely to die of the disease: (A) women in their first pregnancy, (B) the elderly, (C) pregnant women in any pregnancy, (D) children up to the age of five, (E) all except a and b, (F) all except b and c, (G) all except c and d.
all except b and c
In areas with endemic malaria, which groups of people are most likely to die of the disease: A) women in their first pregnancy B) the elderly C) pregnant women in any pregnancy D) children up to the age of five E) all except a and b F) all except b and c G) all except c and d
all except b and c
Ceratopogonidae larvae are found in: A) freshwater marshes; B) salt marshes; C) wet muddy areas around cattle watering tanks; D) all of the above
all of the above
Factors contributing to the failure to eliminate malaria in many areas include: (A) diversion of resources from surveillance programs; (B) vectors became resistant to insecticide s; (C) drug companies stopped producing antimalarials due to unprofitability; (D) all of the above; (E) A + B; (F) B + C
all of the above
The epidemiology (dynamics of disease in the environment) of Chagas' disease and Leishmaniasis are similar in that: A) both are transmitted via insect bites B) both are vectored mechanically C) both most commonly occur under human-housing conditions that mimic the natural environment of the vectors D) all of the above
all of the above
What are effective non-pesticide ways to control problems from cockroaches? A) Store food in plastic containers B) Clean your kitchen counter tops nightly C) Seal up cracks and seams around pipes and cabinets D) All of the above
all of the above
What kinds of roaches might you expect to encounter in Athens? A) German roaches B) American roaches C) Smokey brown roaches D) All of the above
all of the above
Where might you look if you suspected bedbugs have infested your house? (a) Behind the headboard of the bed, (b) Between the mattress and the boxspring, (c) In and behind the nightstand, (d) All of the above
all of the above
Why are cockroaches considered excellent mechanical vectors of bacteria? A. They readily move from garbage/sewers to our food/dishes; B. They thrive in human homes; C. Their sticky feet and hairy legs readily pick up bacteria; D. All of the above
all of the above
Which statement about lymphatic filariasis is true: (A) parasites appear in the peripheral circulation at night; (B) symptoms include hydrocoel in men and grossly enlarged limbs; (C) most infected people have no symptoms but serve as reservoir hosts; (D) all statements are correct (E) all except "C" are correct, (F) all except "A" are correct.
all statements are correct
The stage of Leishmania that develops in the human and is transmitted to sand flies is the: A. promastigote; B. amastigote; C. microfilaria; D. merozoite
amastigote
The stage of Leishmania that develops in the sand fly and is transmitted to humans is the: A) gametocyte; B) promastigote; C) microfilaria; D) amastigote
amastigote
Chaga's disease transmission is rare in the US because: A) there are no infected vectors in the US B) housing in the US is unsuitable for colonization by the vectors C) there are no infected reservoir hosts in the US D) tratomine species in the US do not defecate as they feed E) b+d F) b+C
b+d
Chagas' disease transmission is rare in the US because: (a) there are no competent vectors in the US, (b) housing in the US is unsuitable for colonization by the vectors, (c) there are no infected reservoir hosts in the US, (d) triatomine species in the US do not defecate as they feed, (e) b + d, (f) b + c
b+d
What is the primary reservoir for St. Louis encephalitis virus? A. horses; B. people; C. squirrels; D. birds
birds
What is the primary reservoir for West Nile virus? A) humans; B) Culex mosquitoes; C) birds; D) Anopheles mosquitoes
birds
For West Nile virus, the reservoir and vector, respectively are: A) humans and Culex mosquitoes B) Culex mosquitoes and humans C) birds and Culex mosquitoes D) birds and Aedes mosquitoes E) humans and Aedes mosquitos
birds and culex mosquitoes
If you found lice eggs (nits) in someone's clothing, what species would they most likely be from? A) Crab lice B) Hog lice C) Body lice D) head lice
body lice
How does insecticide resistance develop? A) By using biological control B) By using very low doses of insecticides C) By using very high or prolonged doses of insecticide D) None of the above
by using very high or prolonged doses of insecticide
Host seeking mosquitoes are attracted by: A) carbon dioxide B) oxygen C) the color white D) all of the above
carbon dioxide
What family of biting insects occur in such great numbers along the Georgia coast that they are believed to have slowed human development there? A) Simuliidae; B) Psychodidae; C) Blattodea; D. Ceratopogonidae
ceratopognonidae
What family of biting insects occurs in such great numbers along the Georgia coast that they are believed to have slowed human development there? A. Simuliidae; B. Psychodidae; C. Ceratopogonidae; D. Cimicidae
ceratopogonidae
Control of malaria was made much more difficult and expensive when the parasites became resistant to what drug, and for what reason? (A) chloroquine, because it was added to table salt causing the parasite to be exposed to variable concentrations of the drug; (B) doxycycline, because the drug is used against a variety of pathogens, some of which evolved resistance and passed the trait to Plasmodium; (C) chloroquine, because the drug is used against a variety of pathogens, some of which evolved resistance and passed the trait to Plasmodium;(D) doxycycline, because it was added to table salt causing the parasite to be exposed to variable concentrations of the drug; (E) ivermectin, because it was added to table salt causing the parasite to be exposed to variable concentrations of the drug
chloroquine, because it was added to table salt causing the parasite to be exposed to a variable concentrations of the drug
What is an effective non-pesticide way to control problems from cockroaches? A) Clean your kitchen counter tops nightly B) Get a cat as they eat roaches C) Eliminate old tires from your property D) All of the above
clean your kitchen counter tops nightly
The pupal stage is found in: A) Incomplete metamorphosis B) Complete metamorphosis C) Both incomplete and complete metamorphosis D) Neither incomplete nor complete metamorphosis
complete metamorphosis
Integrated Pest Management: A) relies solely on pesticides; B) relies solely on biological and natural control; C) considers the biology of the target pest; D) two of the above; E) all of the above
considers the biology of the target pest
Integrated Pest Management: A. uses pesticides as the first step; B. relies solely biological control; C. considers the biology of the target pest; D. none of the above
considers the biology of the target pest
What mosquito genus is the primary vector of West Nile virus to humans? A. Anopheles; B. Aedes; C. Toxorhynchites; D. Culex
culex
Nematocera is a sub-group of: A) Diptera; B) Phthiraptera; C) Culicidae; D) Blattodea
diptera
What is an ootheca? A. part of a mosquito's mouthparts; B. pathogen that causes ootheca fever; C. life stage of Leishmania; D. egg case of a cockroach
egg case of a cockroach
Many malaria vectors will enter houses and bite people indoors. What is the term for this behavior? A) endophilic B) exophilic C) questing D) cursorial
endophilic
True (T)/ False (F): you dont really have to worry about heartworm treatment for your cat here in GA, because heartworm doesnt infect cats and we dont have a lot of heartworm in GA
false
Epidemic typhus and Chagas disease can both be vectored via: A) the bite of an insect; B) feces (frass) of an insect; C) mechanical means; D) none of the above
feces (frass) of an insect
In medical entomology, a "pool feeder" refers to an insect that: A. feeds in large groups, or pools; B. feeds on "pools" of blood that well-up at the bite site; C. feeds near human swimming areas, like pools; D. none of the above
feeds on pools of blood that well-up at the bite site
What is a medical consequence of Chagas' disease? A) mucocutaneous ulcers; B) blindness; C) grossly enlarged colon; D) none of the above
grossly enlarged colon
Why is virus titer (or concentration) in the blood important for mosquito transmission? A) If it is high the mosquitoes may avoid feeding B) If it is low it is unlikely the mosquito will acquire the virus when feeding C) It tends to be especially high in dead-end hosts D) None of the above
if it is low it is unlikely the mosquito will acquire the virus when feeding
Why is virus titer (or concentration) in the blood important for mosquito transmission? A) If it is low it is unlikely the mosquito will acquire the virus when feeding B) If it is high the mosquitoes may avoid feeding on the host C) If it is low the mosquitoes may avoid feeding on the host D) None of the above
if it is low it is unlikely the mosquito will acquire the virus when feeding
Where might you look if you suspected bed bugs were living in your bed room? A. around the window sills/frame; B. in your closet; C. in the frame of your bed stand (table); D. in your shoes
in the frame of your bed stand (table)
Where in the human body louse would you be most unlikely to find Rickettsia prowazekii bacteria? A) in the salivary glands B) in gut wall cells C) if feces (or frass) D) in the mouthparts
in the salivary glands
For Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus, the mosquito Culiseta melanura is focal to cycling the pathogen. Why? A) It maintains the virus in the environment by cycling it through birds; B) It is the primary vector of the virus to horses; C) It is the primary vector of the virus to humans; D) It can transmit the virus transovarially to its eggs
it maintains the virus in the environment by cycling it through birds
For Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus, the mosquito Culiseta melanura is focal to cycling the pathogen. Why? A) it is the primary vector of the virus to humans B) it is the primary vector of the virus to horses C) it maintains the virus in the environment by cycling it through birds D) it can transmit the virus transovarially to its eggs
it maintains the virus in the environment by cycling it through birds
For Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus, the mosquito Culiseta melanura is focal to cycling the pathogen. Why? A. It is the primary vector of the virus to humans; B. It is the primary vector of the virus to horses; C. It maintains the virus in the environment by cycling it through birds; D. It can transmit the virus transovarially to its eggs
it maintains the virus in the environment by cycling it through birds
What mosquito-borne virus can be transmitted transovarially from an infected female to their eggs? A) Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus; B) Yellow fever virus; C) St. Louis Encephalitis virus; D) Lac Crosse Encephalitis virus
lac crosse encephalitis virus
Which of these habitats would NOT be a likely place for mosquito larvae to live? A) clogged drainage ditch B) bird bath C) lake or reservoir D) water filled tin can
lake or reservoir
What is the main advantage of using larval control against mosquitoes? A) Control will supplement natural control B) Larvae are restricted to confined aquatic habitats that can be treated C) Larval habitats do not support sensitive other organisms D) All of the above
larvae are restricted to confined aquatic habitats that can be treated
What is a challenge for both larval and adult control of mosquitoes? A) Control may inhibit natural control of both larvae and adults B) Larvae and adults are both restricted to confined habitats that can be targeted for control C) Larval and adult habitats may both support sensitive other organisms D) None of the above
larval and adult habitats may both support sensitive other organisms
What kind of human cells do Leishmania attack to reproduce? A) red blood cells; B) macrophages; C) T-cells; D) none of the above
macrophages
What kind of human cells do Leishmania attack to reproduce? A. red blood cells; B. macrophages; C. T-cells; D. brain cells
macrophages
There is an effort underway to eradicate lymphatic filariasis worldwide by 2020. The effort involves: A) diagnosing and treating every infected person B) administering a vaccine, as was done for smallpox C) mass treatment of the entire population in endemic areas with an effective drug D) eliminating the vector populations E) A+D F) C+D
mass treatment of the entire population in endemic areas with an effective drug
Malaria infected patients experience cycles of extreme fever followed by chills then a brief period of recovery. These cycles occur because: (a) merozoites are synchronously emerging from red blood cells, where they briefly stimulate a strong immune reaction before they disappear into new red cells, (b) merozoites alter expression of surface proteins, so parasite levels rise and fall in cycles as the immune system recognizes and clears parasites and selects for new variants, (c) merozoites emerge from the liver, stimulate an immune reaction, then re-invade liver cells, (d)sporozoites synchronously emerge from red blood cells, where they briefly stimulate a strong immune reaction before they disappear into new red cells.
merozoites are synchronously emerging from red blood cells, where they briefly stimulate a strong immune reaction before they disappear into new red cells
Malaria is characterized by regularly spaced episodes of extreme fever. These fevers coincide with what event? (A) merozoites change their surface expression of glycoproteins (OSPs), leading to increased parasitemia; (B) trophozoites emerge from red blood cells, stimulating an inflammatory immune response; (C) merozoites emerge from red blood cells, stimulating an inflammatory immune response; (D) schizonts emerge from liver cells, leading to increased parasitemia; (E) sporozoites emerge from liver cells, leading to increased parasitemia.
merozoites emerge from red blood cells, stimulating an inflammatory immune response
What stage of the worm that causes River Blindness induces eye damage? A. microfilaria; B. adult females; C. adult males; D. larvae
micrfilaria
Zika fever is normally a relatively mild disease (e.g. compared to Dengue), but has a very serious consequence in some cases. What is this complication? A) hemorrhagic fever B) microcephaly of newborn babies C) megalacolon D) elephantiasis
microcephaly of newborn babies
The sylvatic cycle of yellow fever in forests primarily cycles between: A) birds and humans; B) humans and mosquitoes; C) birds and mosquitoes; D) monkeys and mosquitoes
monkeys and mosquitoes
What is the main advantage of using adult control against mosquitoes? A) Natural control has already taken its toll on the larvae B) Adults are restricted to confined habitat that can be easily treated C) Adult habitats do not support sensitive other organisms D) All of the above
natural control has already taken its toll on the larvae
How is HIV typically transmitted via mosquitos? A) biologically via the bite B) mechanically on bloody mouthparts C) both of the above D) neither of the above
neither of the above
What disease is vectored by bedbugs? A. Yellow fever; B. Epidemic typhus; C. Relapsing fever; D. none of the above
none of the above
What diseases are related to crab lice? A) The common cold B) Epidemic typhus C) Relapsing fever D) None of the above
none of the above
Which of these is NOT one of the three clinical forms of Leishmaniasis? A) Visceral B) Cutaneous C) Ocular D) Mucocutaneous
ocular
What is the pathogen that causes river blindness? A) Simulium damnosum; B) Borrelia recurrentis; C) Aedes aegypti; D) Onchocerca volvulus; E) none of the above
onchocerca volvulus
Anopheline and Culicine mosquitoes are different in that: A. only anopheline males blood feed; B. only culicine pupae are aquatic; C. only culicines vector malaria; D. only culicine larvae have respiratory siphons.
only culicine larvae have respiratory siphons
What do black fly larvae eat? A. blood; B. particles of detritus and algae; C. plant nectar; D. other small insects
particles of detritus and algae
Which of these diseases is caused by the head louse? A. Pediculosis; B. Food poisoning; C. River blindness; D. Epidemic typhus
pediculosis
Which of the following is not a factor in the ongoing persistence of malaria as a public health problem? A. Surveillance infrastructure deteriorated as a consequence of diverting resources to other problems; B. Pharmaceutical companies stopped making the most effective antimalarial drugs due to low profitability; C. The most deadly species of Plasmodium developed resistance to antimalarial drugs; D. The most significant vectors developed resistance to insecticides.
pharmaceutical companies stopped making the most effective antimalarial drugs due to low profiability
Which of these sub-families is in the family Psychodidae? A. Culicinae; B. Anophelinae; C. Toxorhynchitinae; D. Phlebotominae
phlebotominae
Cerebral malaria is perhaps the most deadly complication of malaria. This symptom is associated with what parasite, and why does it occur? (A) Plasmodium falciparum, due to red blood cells binding to capillaries and blocking blood flow in the brain; (B) Plasmodium vivax, due to extreme anemia (destruction of red blood cells by parasites); (C) ) Plasmodium falciparum, due to extreme fever that causes encephalitis ; (D) Plasmodium malariae, due to red blood cells binding to capillaries and blocking blood flow in the brain.
plasmodium falciparum, due to red blood cells binding to capillaries and blocking blood flow in the brain
Which is the most lethal malaria infection, and why? A) Plasmodium falciparum, due to extreme anemia B) Plasmodium vivax, due to sequestering and blocking blood flow in the brain C) Plasmodium falciparum, due to sequestering and blocking blood flow in the brain D) Plasmodium malariae, due to extreme fever that causes encephalitis
plasmodium falciparum, due to sequestering and blocking blood flow in the brain
The most deadly malaria parasite has a unique behavior in the host which largely accounts for its lethality. Identify the correct parasite name/behavior combination: (a) Plasmodium falciparum/sequesters in capillaries, (b) Plasmodium falciparum/forms a trophozoite, (c) Plasmodium malariae/sequesters in capillaries, (d) Plasmodium malariae/forms a trophozoite
plasmodium falciparumi/sequesters in capillaries
Although we think of malaria as a disease of tropical areas, one form of the disease can also occur in cool temperate areas, and formerly was prevalent in northern Europe, Asia, and even North America as far north as southern Canada, due to the ability to form a dormant stage during winter when vectors are not available. What parasite causes malaria in these areas, what is the dormant stage called, and what tissue can that stage be found in? (A) Plasmodium falciparum/schizont/red blood cells; (B) Plasmodium vivax/hypnozoite/liver; (C) Plasmodium falciparum/hypnozoite/liver; (D) Plasmodium vivax/schizont/red blood cells; (E) Plasmodium knowlesi/trophozoite/red blood cells.
plasmodium vivax/hypnozoite/liver
Why are cockroaches medically important? A) Potent source of allergens B) Efficient at biological transmission of disease pathogens C) Irritating bites D) None of the above
potent source of allergens
Why are cockroaches medically important? A) Potent source of allergens B) Efficient at biological transmission of disease pathogens C) Irritating bites D) None of the above
potent source of allergens
How does insect resistance to chemical pesticides most likely develop? A. Applying low levels of insecticide that allows an insect population to develop a tolerance; B. Applying high levels of insecticides that put intense selective pressure on an insect population; C. Using short duration chemicals materials that dissipate too quickly; D. None of the above
pplying high levels of insecticides that put intense selective pressure on an insect population
Which of these steps can be used to effectively control head lice? A) Remove eggs from the hair B) Spray bedrooms with insecticide C) Isolate children from all contact with others D) All of the above.
remove eggs from the hair
On what continent is Chagas' disease common? A. Africa; B. Australia; C. South America; D. Europe
south america
Which of these mosquitoes is most likely to vector a disease biologically? A) autogenous species; B) species that bites once and lives for 8 weeks; C) species that bites twice and lives for 4 weeks; D) species that bites three times and lives for 1 week
species that bites twice and lives for 4 weeks
Black fly larvae live in: A. rodent burrows; B. streams and rivers; C. lakes and ponds; D. cow manure
streams and rivers
Which statement about lymphatic filariasis is correct? (A) Symptoms occur because worms in the heart impede blood circulation leading to accumulation of blood in the extremities; (B) Symptoms occur because adult worms block movement of fluid through lymphatic ducts; (C) Control is difficult due to a large reservoir population of rodents; (D) Ivermectin is widely used due to the ability to kill adult worms.
symptoms occur because adult worms block movement of fluid through lymphatic ducts
Why are black flies called pool feeders? A) their larvae live in quiet, stagnant pools of water; B) they commonly pester people at swimming pools; C) the adult females cut into the skin, a pool of blood wells up, and they feed on that; D) they tend to feed in large groups, or pools, of individuals
the adult females cut into the skin, a pool of blood wells up, and they feed on that
Which of the above does NOT attract blood feeding flies to hosts: A) carbon dioxide B) the color white C) heat D) all of these are attractants.
the color white
Which of the above does NOT attract host seeking mosquitoes? A) carbon dioxide B) host odors C) the color white D) all of these attract mosquitoes
the color white
Head lice more commonly occur on children than adults. Why? A) they play outside more often and are exposed there; B) they rarely wash their hair; C) they share combs and hats; D) all of the above
they share combs and hats
Head lice more commonly occur on children than adults. Why? A. they share combs and hats; B. they bathe less often; C. their hair is often in tangled mats; D. all of the above
they share combs and hats
Where do Onchocerca volvulus nematode larvae mature in a black fly? A. gut wall; B. thoracic flight muscles; C. hemocoel (body cavity); D. salivary glands
thoracic flight muscles
What mosquito genus has larvae that prey on other mosquito larvae? A. Toxorhychites; B. Aedes; C. Culex; D. Anopheles
toxorhychites
How were black flies successfully controlled by the program to control Onchocerciasis in West Africa? A. eliminate old tires; B. treat the insides of houses with insecticide; C. treat rivers with insecticide; D. use bed nets; E. all of the above
treat rivers with insecticide
The incidence of malaria has declined substantially in the past few years, with nearly a 50% reduction in deaths. This has largely been due to the use of: A) insecticide treated bed nets B) Reduction of mosquito numbers by filling in breeding sites and fogging with insecticides C) release of genetically modified mosquitos which cannot fly D) the widespread availability of effective drugs, which are made available for free by pharmaceutical companies E) two of the above
two of the above
Which of the following insects are in the order Hemiptera: A. Lice; B. Triatominae bugs; C. Bed bugs; D. All of the above; E. Two of the above
two of the above
Biological control of mosquitoes includes: A) Employing genetic engineering B) using other living organisms to kill the mosquitoes C) Using biologically active chemicals to kill the mosquitoes D) None of the above
using other living organisms to kill the mosquitoes
How do sand flies transmit Leishmania pathogens into humans? A. via saliva; B. via feces; C. via regurgitation of blood back into host; D. two of the above; E. all of the above
via regurgitation of blood back into host
You have a patient who grew up in Haiti (in the Caribbean) and has lymphatic filariasis. What parasite are they most likely infected with? A) Dirofilaria imitis B) Brugia malayi C) Wucheraria bancrofti D) Brugia timori E) Plasmodium vivax
wucheraria bancrofti
