Final Exam
a child looks at rain and thunder and says that they are caused by the change in weather. the sensorimotor stage, this is termed as artificialism.
false
a feature of crystallized intelligence is that it does not increase throughout the life span
false
according to arne ohm and susan mink, humans are not biologically prepared by evolutionary forces to develop fears of any kind
false
according to jeffrey arnett, the age of self-focus is characterized by adults experimenting with careers and romantic possibilities
false
according to piaget, objective responsibility is the assignment of blame according to the motives of the actor rather than the amount of damage done
false
according to research, intelligence quotient (IQ) scores tend to increase during the summer vacation
false
according to structuralists, maladaptive behavior patterns tend to drop out, and only the fittest behavior patterns survive
false
according to the linguistic-relativity hypothesis, language does not affect the way we perceive the world
false
alcohol enhances cognitive functioning
false
an intelligence quotient (IQ) is independent of his or her chronological age (CA)
false
biofeedback training increases stress, tension, and anxiety in people
false
discrimination is the tendency for a conditioned response to be evoked by stimuli that are similar to the stimulus to which the response was conditioned
false
during middle adulthood, people are at their height of sensory sharpness, strength, reaction time, and cardiovascular fitness
false
genetic components do not contribute to an individual's sensitivity to basic tastes
false
girls can become pregnant immediately after menarche
false
glen is an accomplished guitarist. he can play the guitar with his eyes closed. when he does this, he is quite aware of which frets his fingers are on. he does this with the aid of his vestibular sense.
false
hallucinogens are known to create physiological dependence.
false
hypnosis impairs the functioning of the immune system
false
in a study conducted to test the effect of medicine, one group of participants is given the medicine while another group is not. the latter would be considered an experimental group
false
in an experiment, the presence of dependent variable does not depend on independent variables
false
in male adolescents, ejaculatory ability is the evidence of reproductive capacity
false
in retrograde amnesia, there are memory lapses for the period following a trauma such as a blow to the head, an electric shock, or an operation
false
in stratified sampling, each member of a population has an equal chance of being selected to participate
false
in the context of classical conditioning, extinguished conditioned responses cannot be recovered
false
in the context of hypnosis, a positive response to each suggestion of the hypnotist sets the stage in which the subject is less likely to follow further suggestions
false
in the context of the wechsler scales, nontechnically oriented college students often attain higher performance than verbal intelligence quotients (IQ)
false
insomnia is a sleep disorder in which the air passages are obstructed
false
it takes children longer to learn new words than it takes apes to learn new signs
false
media violence and aggressive video games decrease viewers' level of emotional arousal
false
neurons carry messages from the axon terminals through the axon to the dendrites
false
nicotine increases the appetite and reduces the metabolic rate of a person
false
norepinephrine is manufactured exclusively by the adrenal glands
false
operant conditioning is a simple form of learning in which organisms come to anticipate or associate events with one another
false
positive reinforcers increase the probability that a behavior will occur when the reinforcers are removed
false
prospective memory involves recalling information that has been previously learned
false
psychoanalysis is the name of the theory of personality developed by sigmund freud but not the method of psychotherapy he had developed
false
rapid eye movement sleep and deep sleep hinder learning and memory
false
regularization in problem solving refers to standing back from the problem for a while as some process within may continue to work on it
false
short term memory is also known as semantic memory
false
sleep terrors, bedwetting, and sleepwalking all occur during light sleep
false
sociocultural psychologists study those things we refer to as the mind
false
spontaneous recovery of learned responses occurs only in operant conditioning
false
structuralists emphasized the tendency to organize perceptions into wholes and to integrate separate stimuli into meaningful patterns
false
structuralists tended to ask, "how do behavior and mental processes help people adapt to the requirements of their lives?"
false
students who obtain higher grades are more likely to behave aggressively following exposure to violent video games
false
the communication systems of the birds and the bees have high semanticity
false
the embryonic stage of pregnancy lasts from the beginning of the third month until the birth of the baby
false
the method of savings is a measure of time taken for short-term memory to become long term
false
the method of savings was devised by ebbinghaus in order to study the efficiency of recall
false
the organ of corti is a membrane that lies coiled within the cochlea
false
the term parapsychological phenomena refers to the perception of objects or events through sensory organs
false
the term preconscious is descriptive of body processes of which we cannot become conscious
false
the two main divisions of the central nervous system are the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system
false
when the eyeball is too short, the images of nearby objects are focused in front of the retina, causing farsightedness
false
when we sleep, our brain waves become identical to those emitted when we are conscious
false
with age, there are very large declines in memory function, and these changes can never be reversed
false
women who smoke show increased bone density
false
remove dead neurons and waste products from the nervous system
glial cells
case studies are subject to inaccuracies
true
direct artificial stimulation of the occipital lobe produces visual sensations
true
explicit memory is memory for specific information
true
humans can detect the odor of 1 one-millionth of a milligram of vanilla in a liter of air
true
in contrast to structuralists, gestalt psychologists claimed that one cannot explain human perceptions, emotions, or thought processes in terms of basic units
true
in long term memory, we tend to organize information according to a hierarchical structure
true
in pavlov's experiments on classical conditioning, salivation of the dog in response to the meat powder is an unlearned unconditioned response
true
in the 1940s and 1950s, psychodynamic theory dominated the practice of psychotherapy
true
in the context of classical conditioning, the cognitive focus is on the information learned by the organism
true
in the context of psychological researches, debriefing is the process of explaining the purpose and methods of a completed procedures to a participant
true
in the context of withdrawal symptoms associated with substance use, cravings are typically accompanied by signs of anxiety such as shakiness, rapid pulse, and sweating
true
many case studies are clinical, that is, they are descriptions of a person's psychological problems and how a psychologist treated them
true
odors trigger firing of receptor neurons in the olfactory membrane high in each nostril
true
one of the concepts of evolutionary psychology is that not only physical traits but also many patterns of behavior, including social behavior, evolve and can be transmitted genetically from generation to generation
true
paulina is kindergarten teacher. every time one of her students answers correctly during her alphabet classes, she uses phrases like "well done" and "keep it up". Her behavior exemplifies reinforcement.
true
people with frequent nightmares are more likely than others to have anxiety, depression, and other psychological problems
true
selective optimization with compensation is the reshaping of a person's life to concentrate on what he or she finds to be important and meaningful in the face of physical decline and possible cognitive impairment
true
sensory receptors embedded in the skin fire when the surface of the skin is touched
true
social-cognitive theorists grant cognition a key role in studying and explaining behavior
true
the herig-helmholtz illusion is a visual illusion
true
the state of consciousness called hypnotic trance can be induced by asking people to narrow their attention to a small light
true
when children reared by adoptive parents are more similar to their natural parents in a particular trait, strong evidence exists for a genetic role in the development of that trait
true
when you are given a new phone number and you write it down or immediately dial the number, you are retaining the number in your short term memory
true
which of the following was proposed by functionalists?
adaptive behavior patterns are learned and maintained
a two year old child's family has a pet rabbit. When the family visits the zoo, the child sees a hamster for the first time and calls it a rabbit because of the physical features that are common to a rabbit and a hamster. according to piaget, which cognitive process will most likely modify the child's understanding.
accommodation
as opposed to a dependent variable, an independent variable is manipulated by the experimenters so that its effects may be determined
biological
brandon is a psychologist who is studying the relationship between heredity and mood disorders. he strongly believes that behavior and mental processes have a connection with the brain, hormones, heredity, and evolution. Brandon's beliefs are most consistent with the _______ perspective
biological
intensifies most emotions and is central to the experience of fear and anxiety
epinephrine
specialize in basic processes such as the nervous system, sensation, and perception, learning and memory, thought, motivation, and emotion
experimental psychologists
Erik Erikson focuses more on unconscious processes and less on conscious choice and self-direction
false
primarily focuses on the relationships between people and work
industrial psychologist
which of the following is a function of norepinephrine
it is involved in general arousal, learning and memory, and eating
which of the following is true of estrogen production in females
it stimulates the growth of tissue in the hips
ned is feeling stresses because of his workload at the offie. He is also experiencing insomnia with rapid weight loss. Ned's condition is an example of a _________ correlation.
negative
shawn is in her mid-fifties. her college-going son lives in a separate apartment in the same city while her parents live with her. she cooks meals for her son regularly and does his laundry. at the same time, she looks after her parents, who are dependent on her. shawna is facing the difficulties _______
of the sandwich generation
some researchers consider the _______ to be the "executive center" of the brain, where decisions are made to keep information in working memory and solve problems
prefrontal cortex
according to piaget, the _____ is the second stage of cognitive development in children
preoperational stage
on a bright, sunny day, manny leaves a dimly-lit movie theater and goes out into the street. The ____ in his eyes adjust to the sudden increase in light
pupils
in boys, pituitary hormones stimulate the testes to increase the output of ________, which in turn causes enlargement of the penis and testes and the appearance of body hair
testosterone
identify a true statement about social-cognitive theorists
they note that people engage in intentional learning by observing others
which of the following is a defining characteristics of biologically oriented psychologists
they study the role of hereditary in behavior and mental processes such as psychological disorders, criminal disorder, and thinking
was the founder of the school of functionalism
william james
