Final Exam

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In the BCC unit cell, the atoms are "touching" along the"

Body Diagonals

The number of immediately adjacent (i.e. touching) atoms to a given atom is called the:

Coordination number

Because of the range of colors, alloys of this metal are often used in architectural and artistic applications.

Copper

Which of the following is NOT considered to be an elevated temperature material?

Copper

Bonds of this type tend to be "directional", and the limited number of nearest neighbors often leads to light weight (low density) materials.

Covalent

The overwhelming majority of all mechanical component failures occur as a result of:

Fatigue

Cast irons are alloys of: A. Fe-Si-Cr B. Fe-C-Si C. Fe-C-Cr D. Fe-Cr-Ni

Fe-C-Si

To achieve homogeneous nucleation generally would require

undercooling of about .2 times the melting point on an absolute scale

This material has "better corrosion resistance to more media than any other commercial alloy".

Monel

This metal has good strength and corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures coupled with good formability (due to its FCC structure).

Nickel

Cast irons are alloys of iron with:

Si & C

The two most common mechanisms for atom movement (diffusion) are:

Vacancy and interstitial

When alloy elements are added to steel, they can:

all of these

Annealing operations can be used to:

all of these.

The 8620 steel is a:

alloy steel

The 8620 steel is a:

alloy steel.

Solid solution strengthening is a strengthening mechanism in

alloys

The portion of a metal part with the highest residual stresses will act as the:

anode

The fibers in a fiber-reinforced composite can be:

any

The hardness of a steel at the zero Jominy distance location (on the quenched end) is a good indication of the:

carbon content of the steel

The portion of a deformed metal part with the lowest residual stresses will act as the:

cathode

Introduction of tungsten carbide or tantalum carbide in a cobalt matrix is an example of:

cermets

In this region in a casting many small grains form due to rapid nucleation

chill

Sensitization of a stainless steel means that:

chromium carbides have formed at grain boundaries

Thousands of small dispersed voids can form when numerous small pockets of liquid are trapped during

dendritic growth

If the Ac-40%Bg alloy were to be cooled under rapid cool (non-equilibrium) conditions, the structure of the non-equilibrium solidified alloy would

exhibit some form of segregation

Three phase reactions appear as a ____ in a two component phase diagram

horizontal line

(Lead-Tin (Pb-Sn) diagram) -- The 30% tin alloy would be considered to be

hypoeutectic

In the Jominy test, the cooling rate of the material can be directly correlated to the:

location on the specimen

The activation energy would be lower (diffusion is easier) for which of these?

low melting point metal

The critical resolved shear stress is greatest in ___ materials. Hence, it provides the highest strength.

BCC

The composition of the pearlite that forms in a 0.6% C steel is:

.77% C

Using the AISI-SAE designation system for steels, the carbon content of an 8620 steel is about:

0.20%C

The packing factor for the simple cubic structure is:

0.52

(Lead-Tin (Pb-Sn) diagram) -- If a 61.9% tin alloy were equilibrium cooled to room temperature, we would expect to find a structure of

100% eutectic structure

If we cool a eutectiod composition steel (.77% C) under near-equilibrium conditions, the resulting microstructure will be: A. 100% pearlite B. 50% pearlite and 50% ferrite C. 75% pearlite and 25% ferrite D. 100% ferrite

100% pearlite

The coordination number for a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure is

For the Ac-40%Bg alloy, the amount of solid that has formed upon cooling to 600 C is

20%

The amount of primary ferrite in a 0.60% C steel (under equilibrium conditions) would be:

25%

(Lead-Tin (Pb-Sn) diagram) -- The liquidus temperature for the 30% tin alloy is closest to

260

The functionality of polymer reactants that form 3-dimensional network polymers is:

(Lead-Tin (Pb-Sn) diagram) -- The eutectic structure is a mix of alpha and beta phases. The fraction of alphas phase is approximately

45%

Iron has a melting temperature of 1538oC. Diffusion becomes significant when iron is heated above: [NOTE: This may not be as straight-forward as you think!!]

451oC

The maximum solubility of copper in aluminum at elevated temperature is:

5.65% Cu

The coordination number for the simple cubic arrangement is:

The composition of the primary cementite that forms in a 1.2% C steel would be:

6.67% C

For the Ac-40%Bg alloy, the amount of liquid remaining at 500 C is

60%

Tool steels are designated by: A. a letter-number combination where the letter indicated "family" B. a four-digit AISI-SAE number based on chemistry and carbon content

A letter-number combination where the letter indicated "family"

The three-phase reaction in which γ à α + Fe3C is denoted as the ___ line in the phase diagram:

If a steel has a Ductile-to-Brittle Transition Temperature (DBTT), it is best if it is used A. above this temperature B. Below this temperature

Above this temperature

The high hardness of ceramic materials make them excellent candidate materials for use as: A. Refractories B. Electrical and magnetic components C. Whiteware D. Abrasives

Abrasives

Materials that can exist in more than one crystal structure (depending upon the conditions of temperature and pressure) are called polymorphic (many-structured). Another term for this feature is:

Allotropic

A steel with a AISI-SAE designation of 4320 is a: A. Plain-carbon steel B. Alloy steel

Alloy steel

As a result of the ____ crystal structure, iron and steel at room temperature exhibit unusually high strength.

BCC

In the body-centered cubic (BCC) crystal structure, atoms touch (are in contact) along the:

Body diagonals

A steel gear is heated to diffusion temperatures in a furnace with a high-carbon-atmosphere. As time passes, the:

Carbon will diffuse into the surface of the steel.

The process described in question 22 ("A steel gear is heated to diffusion temperatures in a furnace with a high-carbon-atmosphere") is known as:

Carburizing

Inducing extensive branching of the chains would _______ the strength of a polymer.

Decrease

A high activation energy means that diffusion is:

Difficult

This type of cast iron, that offers properties closest to steels, contains smooth-surface graphite spheres that form directly upon solidification. A. Gray B. White C. Malleable D. Ductile E. Compacted graphite

Ductile

This NDT technique can only be used on electrically conductive materials.

Eddy Current Testing

The "ductility" of a material can be determined by which two tensile test properties?

Elongation and reduction in area

The "ductility" of a material can be measured by which two tensile test properties? A. Young's modulus and tensile strength B. Tensile strength and elongation C. Elongation and reduction in area D. Elongation and Young's modulus

Elongation and reduction in area

The activation energy (the Q in the D = Do e -Q/RT equation) is a measure of the:

Energy required to cause an atom to move position within a crystal

(Hypothetical Phase Diagram) -- Reaction at 750 C

Eutectic

Aluminum, copper and silver are typically soft, weak, and ductile metals. These are characteristics of which crystal structure?

FCC

Low thermal expansion is a characteristic or description of most polymeric materials.

False

To form smaller, more numerous grains and a stronger material, the cooling rate should be: A. Fast B. Slow

Fast

Ninety percent of all mechanical component failures occur as a result of : A. Tensile B. Impact C. Fatigue D. Creep

Fatigue

The room-temperature (BCC) form of iron that can only contain up to 0.02% carbon in solid solution is called:

Ferrite.

The crystalline ceramics are brittle becasue: A. Their structures do not contain dislocations B. Fracture occurs at a lower stress than dislocation movement C. The structures involve highly cross-linked molecules

Fracture occurs at a lower stress than dislocation movement

Crystalline defects are generally classified by their:

Geometry

Inoculation is a means of inducing:

Heterogeneous nucleation

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of gray cast iron? A. Good resistance to sticking (adhesive) wear B. Good sound and vibration damping C. High fracture resistance D. Good machinablity

High fracture resistance

The tests done at Missouri S&T (then UMR) to investigate the brittleness of the hull plate steel from the HMS Titanic was this type of test:

Impact

The tests done at Missouri S&T (then UMR) to investigate the brittleness of the hull plate steel from the HMS Titanic were this type of test: A. Tensile B. Impact C. Fatigue D. Creep E. Hardness

Impact

This test can be used to determine if a metal has a ductile-to-brittle transition temperature.

Impact test

If we increase "hardenability" we: A. Increase the Rockwell C hardness B. Increase the ease of forming martensite

Increase the ease of forming martensite

Adding imperfections to a commercial metal (one that already contains defects) will almost always __ the strength and __ the ductility. A. Increase, increase B. Increase, decrease C. Decrease, increase D. Decrease, decrease

Increase, increase

A ferritic stainless steel is one that: A. Contains significant amounts of carbon and achieves much of its strength from phase transformation hardening B. Is the cheapest, and if it achieves most of its strength from solid solution strengthening C. Offers the greatest ductility and formability (because of its FCC crystal structure)

Is the cheapest, and if it achieves most of its strength from solid solution strengthening

Because of their geometries, the properties of ____ composites are always anisotropic A. Laminar B. Particulate C. Fiber reinforced

Laminar

This metal has the lowest density of all of the engineering metals (i.e. is the lightest engr. metal).

Magnesium

When we need useful strength and corrosion resistance at elevated temperature, we might want to consider alloys of: A. Aluminum B. Copper C. Nickel D. Magnesium

NIckel

Which of the following is NOT a refractory metal?

Nickel

Since glass is a(n) ___ structure, its formation requires cooling at a rate that is ____ than some critical value. A. Equilibrium, slower B. Equilibrium, faster C. Nonequilibrium, slower D. Nonequilibrium, faster

Nonequilibrium, faster

Copper and zinc are similar-size atoms. If zinc atoms are added to copper, they would be expected to: A. Occupy interstitial sites B. Occupy substitutional sites. C. Become vacancies

Occupy Substitutional sites

Compared to cold working, hot working:

Offers almost unlimited ductility

The efficiency of filling available space (% occupied) can be evaluated by computing the:

Packing Factor

Because of their geometries, the properties of ____ composites are always isotropic. A. Laminar B. Particulate C. Fiber reinforced

Particulate

The lamellar or layered structure, consisting of alternating plates of ferrite and cementite, is called: A. Cementite B. Pearlite C. Austenite D. Ferrite

Pearlite

The microstructure that forms above the "nose" in a eutectoid steel T-T-T diagram is: A. Pearlite B. Bainite C. Martensite

Pearlite

MicroCT is a type of this NDT technique.

Radiographic Imaging

During which stage of annealing are the residual stresses produced during cold working eliminated, but the strengthening of strain hardening is retained?

Recovery

The Hume-Rothery rules for unlimited solid solubility between two metals include all of these similarities EXCEPT: A. Same crystal structure B. Similar electronegativity or valence C. Similar strength D. Similar atomic radii

Similar strength

Many ceramic and powder metallurgy products are made by pressing solid particles to a desired shape and then heating the compacted material so diffusion can bond the particles to one another. This process is called:

Sintering

If a layer is out of sequence in the ABCABC stacking (such as ABCABABC), the defect is called a:

Stacking fault

A vertical line that appears in the middle of a diagram most likely represents a

Stoichiometric intermetallic

If we increase the temperature of a tensile test specimen we would expect ___ to increase. A. Yield strength B. Tensile strength C. Elastic modulus D. Reduction in area

Tensile strength

In Fick's First Law, J = -D (dc/dx), the term "D" represents:

The diffusion coefficient

In the plastic region of the tensile test: A. The material is always getting stronger B. The material gets stronger only up to the tensile strength C. The material gets weaker due to dislocation movement

The material is always getting stronger

What temperature is typically utilized during hot working?

The material's recrystallization temperature

In a standard tensile test, the material response during the elastic portion is due to:

The stretching of atomic bonds

During a tensile test, this is the highest value attained by the engineering stress:

The ultimate tensile strength

Which mechanical fastening method was predominantly utilized in applications experiencing a tensile loading in the TUDelft video "Introduction to the Types of Mechanically Fastened Joints "

Threaded Fasteners

Since it is strong, light weight and corrosion resistant to body fluids, orthopedic implants and bone-repair screws and plates often use this material.

Titanium

Ease of fabrication is a characteristic or description of most polymeric materials.

True

Good chemical and thermal stability is a property that is characteristic or descriptive of most ceramic materials.

True

This NDT technique utilizes vibrations or sound waves to detect defects.

Ultrasonic Testing

Tool steels are designated by

a letter-number combination where the letter indicates "family".

When two phases are present in a material, the relative amounts can be determined by

a lever law calculation

Cermets gain their enhanced toughness through:

a metal matrix.

NASA's EBF3 (Electron Beam FreeForm Fabrication) system utilizes:

a wire feeder

The most effective strengthening method for aluminum alloys is:

age hardening.

Which of the following is NOT a correct statement

all liquids are completely soluble in one another

Because it is similar to casting, the once molten metal region (fusion zone) of a fusion weld can experience which of the following problems

all of the above

Sites of preferential nucleation include

both a and b

We can promote the nucleation of a solid by

both a and b

To fully characterize an engineering material we must specify or describe

chemistry, temperature, pressure and full processing history (from solidification)

Suppose we introduce chromium whiskers into a nickel matrix to form a fiber- reinforced composite. Which component would act as the anode in a corrosive environment?

chromium whiskers

The fracture resistance of a ceramic can be best improved by:

decreasing the flaw size.

The size of this region in a casting can be increased by inoculation

equiaxed

If the same metal or alloy were cooled under equivalent cooling conditions, we would expect:

equivalent structures and properties

Cast irons are alloys that experience this three-phase reaction upon cooling.

eutectic

The three-phase reaction that is of primary importance in establishing the structure and properties of steel is the:

eutectoid

The three-phase reaction that is of primary importance in establishing the structure and properties of steel is the:

eutectoid.

The production of an amorphous structure requires

extremely fast cooling

The primary or pro-eutectoid phase that forms when we cool between the A3 and A1 temperatures is:

ferrite

The room-temperature (BCC) form of iron that can only contain up to 0.02% carbon in solid solution is called:

ferrite

The "deformation mechanism" associated with superplastic behavior is:

grain boundary sliding.

Compacted graphite cast iron has a structure and properties that fall between:

gray and ductile

Because it is a stoichiometric intermetallic compound, cementite has the following properties:

hard and brittle

When particles of a new phase nucleate from a solid solution under equilibrium conditions, they tend to nucleate:

heterogeneously on grain boundaries or other impurities

If a small amount of cold work produces a large increase in strength, the strain hardening coefficient, n, would be ___.

high

A below-room-temperature cooling may be necessary to complete the martensite transformation in

high carbon steels

Tool steels are:

high carbon steels, usually heat-treated to high hardness.

The rule of mixtures for composites does NOT work well in predicting:

impact properties

If we deform a metal in successive increments the yield strength will incrementally

increase

If we increase "hardenability", we:

increase the ease of forming martensite

According to Schmid's Law = Cos Cos , the most favorable condition for slip to occur is:

lamda=phi= 45

Copper has an atomic radius of 1.278 angstroms. According to the Hume-Rothery rules, which of the following elements would have the highest solubility in copper.

nickel (1.243 A)

The electrical resistance heating wires for toasters are often made from this material:

nickel-chromium.

To produce an amorphous solid we would need

no nucleation

The best corrosion resistance is found in alloys that are:

non-heat-treatable.

If the liquid ahead of a growing solid has a temperature higher than the melting point, growth into the liquid will be

planar growth

Selective Laser Melting (SLM) typically uses:

powder bed

Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) typically uses:

powder bed

If we want to produce the greatest solid solution strengthening with a 5% alloy addition to copper, it would be best if the atoms of the 5% alloy were

quite different in size from copper

Wrought alloys are:

shaped as a solid.

Which of the following similarities is NOT part of the Hume-Rothery rules

similar strength

The flame hardening of high-carbon steel is an example of a(n) ___ surface treatment.

single chemistry - dual heat treatment

This heat treatment of steel is used to improve the machinability of high carbon steels (>0.6%C):

spheroidize

Cementite (Fe3C) is a

stoichiometric intermetallic compound

Dmitri Mendeleev's 1869 publication of an early version of the Periodic Table of the Elements resulted in:

the discovery of several new elements

Which of the following will not help optimize the properties of a dispersion strengthened composite?

the dispersant must have a high solubility in the matrix

Iron has a higher density than iron oxide, therefore:

the oxide flakes off and oxidation continues

Iron oxide has a lower density than iron, therefore:

the oxide flakes off and oxidation continues

The Rule of Mixtures predicts properties based on:

the volume fractions of the component materials

The designation scheme for cast aluminum alloys involves a:

three-digit number.

If we heat a cold worked material into the diffusion range, the cold worked structure:

will change with time.

The composition of pearlite is always:

.77% C

(Lead-Tin (Pb-Sn) diagram) -- The maximum solubility of tin in lead is

19%

The portion of a metal part in contact with the lowest oxygen electrolyte will act as the:

Anode

Which of the following crystal structures does NOT contain close-packed planes?

BCC

Increase

Which of these composite joining techniques would be the fastest?

Ultrasonic Welding

(Lead-Tin (Pb-Sn) diagram) -- If an alloy with 10% tin is in equilibrium cooled to room temperature, we would expect a final structure of

an alpha phase matrix with beta phase precipitates

Which of these is not a benefit of selective laser sintering?

only low melting point powders may be used

A fine-grained metal will corrode slightly faster than the same metal with larger grains because of a:

stress cell

In dispersion hardening, it is best if the dispersed phase is

strong and hard

If we were to add 5% nickel to pure copper to produce copper 5% nickel alloy, the resulting alloy would be ____ and ____ than copper.

stronger

Cementite has ___ ductility.

zero

Aluminum and aluminum alloys are:

"fabrication friendly".

(Lead-Tin (Pb-Sn) diagram) -- The amount of eutectic microstructure that will be present in the 30% tin alloy can be computed by

(30-19)/(61.9-19)

(Lead-Tin (Pb-Sn) diagram) -- The amount of PRIMARY alpha that forms in the 30% tin alloy can be computed as

(61.9-30)/(61.9-19)

The composition of the primary ferrite that forms in a .4% C steel is: A. 6.67% C B. 2.11% C C. .77% C D. .02% C

.02% C

The primary ferrite in a 0.60% C steel would have a composition of:

.02% C

The maximum solubility of copper in aluminum at room temperature is about:

.02% Cu

We can estimate the temperature where diffusion becomes significant as: A. The melting point of the material B. 1000 Centigrade C. .4 times the melting point in absolute temp. D. .2 times the melting point when expressed in Centigrade

.2 times the melting point when expressed in Centigrade

The carbon content of a 4320 steel is about: A. .2% C B. 2.0% C C. .43% C D. 4.3% C

.2% C

Using the AISI-SAE designation system for steels, the carbon content of an 8620 steel is about

.2% C

The composition of pearlite is always: A. 6.67% B. 2.11% C. .77% D. .02%

.77%

When we heat a material, we can estimate the temperature where diffusion becomes significant as:

0.4 times the melting point in absolute temp.

The packing factor for the BCC crystal structure is:

0.68

The packing factor (packing efficiency) of the FCC crystal structure is:

0.74

The packing factor (packing efficiency) of the HCP crystal structure is:

0.74

number of atoms or lattice points fully-contained in a simple cubic unit cell is:

The fraction of a corner atom that lies within a given unit cell is:

1/8

If we cool a eutectoid composition steel (0.77% C) under near-equilibrium conditions, the resulting microstructure will be

100% pearlite

If we cool a eutectoid composition steel (0.77% C) under near-equilibrium conditions, the resulting microstructure will be:

100% pearlite.

Structures with stacked close-packed planes have____ nearest neighbor atoms (i.e. the coordination number)

The coordination number for a structure that contains close-packed planes is: A. 6 B. 8 C. 12 D. 14

In order to be considered as a true stainless steel, an iron-based metal must contain more than: A. .77% B. 12% nickel C. 12% chrome D. 12% silicone

12% chrome

In order to be considered as a true stainless steel, an iron-based metal must contain more than:

12% chromium

(Lead-Tin (Pb-Sn) diagram) -- The chemistry of the first solid to appear when 30% tin alloy is cooled under equilibrium conditions is

14% Sn

(Lead-Tin (Pb-Sn) diagram) -- The temperature of the eutectic reaction is closest to

183 C

The functionality of polymer reactants that form linear or chain-type polymers is:

The number of atoms or lattice points fully contained in a BCC unit cell is:

For the Ac-40%Bg alloy, the solidus temperature is

295

If a piece of equilibrium cooled 40% Bg alloy were heated from room temperature, melting would begin when the temperature reaches

295 C

A cast iron alloy contains 2.8% carbon, 1.8% silicon, 1% chromium and 1% nickel. Its carbon equivalent is:

3.4%

If a material contains 8 grains per square inch at 100X magnification, it would have an ASTM grain size number of:

The number of atoms or lattice points fully-contained in the FCC unit cell is:

The approximate amount of pearlite in a slow- cooled .4% C steel would be approximately: A. 25% B. 50% C. 75% D. 100%

50%

The approximate amount of primary ferrite in a .40% C steel (under equilibrium conditions) would be: A. 25% B. 50% C. 75% D. 100%

50%

A 9310 steel has been heat treated to achieve a Rockwell C hardness of 40. If the steel were changed to an 8640 alloy, and the heat treatment left the same, we would expect a final hardness to be Rockwell C ___. (use Jominy curves in text or on lecture slides)

(Lead-Tin (Pb-Sn) diagram) -- The composition of the liquid that is present when the 30% tin alloy is cooled under equilibrium conditions to 200 C is

55% Sn

(Lead-Tin (Pb-Sn) diagram) -- The highest strength material in the lead-tin system would be expected to occur at

61.9% Sn

For the Ac-40%Bg alloy, the composition of the solid that is present at 500 C is

70%

For the Ac-40%Bg alloy, the liquidus temperature is

700

The packing factor for structures involving stacked close-packed planes (highest possible) is:

74%

A flat plate of metal is cold-rolled from 1-inch thick to 1/2-inch and then further to 1/4-inch, with no increase in width. The total amount of cold work performed is:

75%

The amount of pearlite in a slow-cooled 0.6% C steel would be approximately:

75%

In any cubic lattice, corner atoms are shared by ___ unit cells.

In the BCC crystal structure, the coordination number is:

For the Ac-%Bg alloy, the composition of the first solid to appear upon cooling is

90% Bg

A shorthand notation for all cube edges in cubic crystals would be: A. <100> B. <110> C. <111> D. <123>

<100>

A shorthand notation for all face diagonals in cubic crystals would be:

<110>

The close-packed directions in FCC crystals have the Miller Indices form of: A. <100> B. <110> C. <111> D. <000>

<110>

The directions of atom-touching (close packed directions) in the FCC structure have the Miller Indices form of:

<110>

The directions of atom-touching (close packed directions) in the bodycentered cubic structure have the Miller Indices form of:

<111>

A slip system consists of:

A direction and a plane of possible dislocation movement

Primary ferrite forms when we cool between this temperature line and the A1.

Primary ferrite forms when we cool between this temperature line and the A1. A. A1 B. A2 C. A3 D. Acm

The stacking sequence for the HCP crystal structure is:

ABABAB

The stacking sequence for the FCC crystal structure is:

ABCABC

The stacking sequence of close-packed planes in the face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure is:

ABCABC

For aluminum alloys, the highest strength is achieved through: A. Grain size control B. Cold working C. Age hardening D. Solid solution strengthening

Age hardening

Which of the following is not an asset of cold working?

All materials can be strengthened (metals, ceramics, polymers & composites).

For the most effective dispersion strengthening, the dispersed second phase should be: A. Discontinuous B. Strong and hard C. Many small particles D. All of A, B and C. E. None of A, B and C

All of A, B and C

The crystal structures of ceramic materials are often quite complex because: A. Atoms of different sizes are in the same structure B. Covalent structures often have a limited number of nearest neighbors C. Charge neutrality must be maintained throughout ionic structures D. All of the above

All of the above

When welding metals, the once-molten-metal region (fusion zone) of a weld can experience which of the following problems? A. Shrinkage problems B. Gas porosity C. Columnar crystals D. All of the above

All of the above

Attractive properties for casting alloys include:

All of these

Diffusion is required for or useful in:

All of these

When a design engineer defines requirements, these requirements are: A. Mechanical properties B. Manufacturing requirements C. Geometric requirements D. All of these are design requirements

All of these are design requirements

At a given elevated temperature, diffusion of atoms would be easiest for atom movement:

Along free surfaces

The surface treatment known as carburizing a material, such as a gear, is an example of a(n): A. Altered surface chemistry B. Single chemistry - dual heat treatment

Altered surface chemistry

The corrosion resistance of aluminum and titanium alloys can be attributed to: A. Low chemical reactivity of the metal itself B. An adherent, protective oxide film

An adherent, protective oxide film

The "critical cooling rate" is the slowest cooling that will produce: A. An all martensite structure B. An all pearlite structure C. Retained austenite

An all martensite structure

A substitutional point defect is: A. An atom missing from a lattice point B. An atom of one species occupying a lattice point in a lattice of another species C. An atom that is inserted into a crystal at a location that is not a lattice point.

An atom of one species occupying a lattice point in a lattice of another species

The corrosion resistance of copper and nickel is: A. An inherent property of the metal B. Due to an adherent oxide

An inherent property of the metal

When the elastic-to-plastic transition is not distinct, we often define and agree on: A. A strain-hardening exponent B. The ultimate tensile strength C. An offset yield strength D. The breaking strength

An offset yield strength

The properties of cold worked components are usually: A. Anisotropic B. Isotropic

Anisotropic

Which of the following is NOT a correct statement about cold working? A. We can strengthen the material while producing the desired shape B. Anisotropy and residual stresses are always detrimental C. Dimensional tolerances and surface finish tent to be good D. Ductility, electrical conductivity, and corrosion resistance decrease

Anisotropy and residual stresses are always detrimental

Metals might be annealed to accomplish which of these? A. Increase ductility B. Improve conductivity C. Relieve residual stresses D. Any of these

Any of these

Which of the following is an alternate term for additive manufacturing?

Any of these

In Schmid's Law, τ = σ Cos λ Cos φ , the symbol σ is known as the:

Applied stress

When we solidify a pure metal, solidification occurs ___ and appears as a ___ on a cooling curve.

At a fixed temperature; horizontal hold

To cause a cold-worked material to recrystallize, we must expose it to elevated temperature. This is because the recrystallization process requires:

Atomic diffusion

In this isothermal heat treatment, austenite is transformed below the nose of the T-T-T diagram to produce bainite: A. Isothermal anneal B. Austempering

Austempering

The elevated temperature (FCC) form of iron that can contain up to 2.11% carbon in solid solution is called: A. Ferrite B. O-Ferrite C. Austenite D. Cementite

Austenite

Quench cracking is a distinct possibility when rapidly cooling steels because the cooling is non-uniform (surfaces cool faster than interiors) and: A. Austenite contracts when it transforms to martensite B. Austenite expands when it transforms to martensite

Austenite expands when it transforms to martensite

The term "degree of polymerization" describes the: A. Average number of mers per molecule B. Number of different types of mers in a polymer C. Number of places other units can attach to a mer

Average number of mers per molecule

The activation energy would be lower (diffusion is easier) for which of these?

BCC iron (68% PF)

The crystal structure of martensite: A. FCC B. BCC C. BCT-- a distorted BCC where T= tetragonal

BCT

The crystal structure of martensite is:

BCT -- a distorted BCC where T = tetragonal

the crystal structure of martensite is

BCT -- a distorted BCC where T = tetragonal

The microstructure that forms below the "nose", but above Ms in a eutectoid steel T-T-T diagram is: A. Pearlite B. Bainite C. Martensite

Bainite

Compared to materials with other crystal structures, materials with the HCP structure tend to:

Be brittle

This lightweight metal is unique in being lighter than aluminum, but stiffer than steel. Unfortunately it is also brittle in room temperature and the oxide is considered to be toxic. A. Nickel B. Beryllium C. Magnesium D. Titanium

Beryllium

This metal is lighter than aluminum, but stiffer than steel.

Beryllium

This metal is sometimes used for nuclear applications because it is relatively transparent to the movement of neutrons.

Beryllium

The density of titanium is: A. Higher than steel B. Between steel and aluminum C. Lower than aluminum

Between steel and aluminum

We can promote the process of solidification by: A. Cooling further below the melting temp B. Providing nucleating surfaces C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B

Both A and B

This structural feature is unique to dispersion strengthening. A. Substitutional point defects B. Boundaries between two different phases C. Grain boundaries D. Dislocation multiplication

Boundaries between two different phases

Among the quenchants of brine, water, and oil, the fastest cooling would be expected in: A. Oil B. Water C. Brine (salt water)

Brine (salt water)

During quenching, the most rapid cooling occurs during the ___ stage. A. Vapor jacket B. Bubble formation & removal C. Conduction & convection

Bubble formation & removal

The "maps" that have been developed to streamline the comparison of selection criteria between materials are called:

Bubble or Ashby chart

The cooling conditions experienced by parts undergoing actual cooling are most accurately reflected in the: A. Equilibrium phase diagram B. T-T-T diagram C. C-T-T diagram

C-T-T diagram

List a disadvantage for threaded fasteners that was discussed in the TUDelft video "Comparing Threaded Fasteners and Rivets"

Can be Removed after installation

When a crystalline solid is heated to a high temperature, the atoms:

Can move about within the crystalline solid

The refractory metals usually have some form of protective coating. This coating is a : A. ceramic B. Polymer C. Titanium alloy D. Copper alloy

Ceramic

Materials in this family are hard or strong, offer good electrical and thermal insulation, and can be attractive for elevated temperature applications. Unfortunately, they are generally brittle. A. Metals B. Ceramics C. Polymers

Ceramics

Materials in this family have high melting temperatures, are typically hard and brittle, and have low thermal and electrical conductivity.

Ceramics

List an advantage for rivets that was discussed in the TUDelft video "Comparing Threaded Fasteners and Rivets"

Cheap and Forms Permanent Fastener After Installation

In this region of a casting, typically the first region to solidify, many small grains form due to rapid nucleation on the walls of the mold: A. Chill B. Columnar C. Equiaxed D. Heat affected

Chill

This region of casting results from the selective growth of already- existing, favorably-oriented grains: A. Chill B. Columnar C. Equiaxed D. Heat affected

Columnar

Useful shapes are generally created from crystalline ceramics by: A. Plastic deformation using rolling, forging and extrusion B. Melting and solidification C. Compaction of fine powders followed by sintering (pressing and firing)

Compaction of fine powders followed by sintering (pressing and firing)

Which of the following is NOT a correct statement regarding composite materials? A. Distinct interfaces are present between component materials B. The components can be metals, ceramics, polymers, or even natural materials C. Each component retains its identity, structure, and properties D. Composite materials can be easily separated and recycled

Composite materials can be easily separated and recycled

Tempered glass acquires its enhanced toughness or fracture resistance through: A. Compressive residual stresses B. A continuous metal matrix C. Weak interfaces between components D. A metastable phase that transforms

Compressive residual stresses

Two different types of monomers or reactants are required for this type of polymerization that involves the production of a small by-product molecule.

Condensation polymerization

The H-14 suffix in 3003-H14 provides information relating to: A. Purity B. Alloying elements C. Carbon content D. Condition (past processing history)

Condition (past processing history)

The dominant uses of copper and copper alloys utilize the properties of: A. Lightweight and corrosion resistance B. Strength and color C. Conductivity and corrosion resistance D. Elevated temperature strength and wear resistance

Conductivity and corrosion resistance

A martensitic steel is one that: A. Contains significant amounts of carbon and achieves much of its strength from phase transformation hardening B. Is the cheapest, and if it achieves most of its strength from solid solution strengthening C. Offers the greatest ductility and formability (because of its FCC crystal structure)

Contains significant amounts of carbon and achieves much of its strength from phase transformation hardening

Shrink voids can form during solidification because when a metal goes from liquid to solid, it generally: A. Contracts B. Expands

Contracts

The number of "nearest neighbor" atoms in a crystal structure is called the:

Coordination number

This metal has the best overall electrical and thermal conductivity, along with good formability and corrosion resistance:

Copper

In this type of bonding, the bonds are "directional" (wanting a set and limited number of nearest neighbors). The resulting materials have relatively low density. A. Metallic B. Ionic C. Covalent D. Vander Waals

Covalent

The bonding mechanism between the atoms along the spine of linear polymers is:

Covalent

In linear polymers, the bonding along the length of the fiber or chain is ____, but the bonding attraction between the molecular fibers or chains is ____. A. Ionic, covalent B. Covalent, ionic C. Covalent, vanderWaals D. VanderWaals, covalent

Covalent, VanderWaals

A stress-rupture diagram, including lines for various temperatures, is a compilation of data from multiple ___ tests. A. Tensile B. Impact C. Fatigue D. Creep E. Hardness

Creep

The stress required for a dislocation to move is called the:

Critical resolved shear stress

The properties of engineering metals are primarily dependent upon and controlled by the:

Crystal defects

The endurance limit is one measurement of a material's ability to endure: A. Cyclic loadings B. Impact loads C. Elevated temperatures D. Wear conditions

Cyclic loadings

When a precipitate grows to the point where it loses "coherency" and becomes a distinct second phase, the strength of the material: A. Increases B. Decreases C. Remains unchanged

Decreases

To be age hardenable, an alloy should display a phase diagram with: A. increasing solubility with decreasing temperature B. Decreasing solubility with decreasing temperature

Decreasing solubility with decreasing temperature

Deformation or ductility in a metal is the result of movement of this type of defect.

Dislocation

The strength of engineering metals is significantly lower than the theoretical strength (such as 30,000 psi and not 3 million). The defect responsible for this is called a(n).

Dislocation

The type of crystalline defect whose movement provides the plastic deformation observed in ductile metals is the: A. Vacancy B. Substitutional C. Dislocation D. Grain Boundary

Dislocation

The type of defect responsible for the increased strength obtained during strain hardening (deformation strengthening) is the:

Dislocation

Line imperfections in a crystalline solid are called:

Dislocations

The strength increase observed during strain hardening is primarily due to an enormous increase in the number or amount of: A. Substitutional atoms B. Dislocations C. Interstitial atoms D. Vacancies

Dislocations

When a material is heated to elevated temperature, the diffusing atoms will tend to:

Distribute uniformly throughout the host material

Which of the following is NOT a correct statement regarding magnesium?

Ductility and corrosion resistance are both good.

An adhesive example of this type of polymer would be flexible silicone bathtub caulk.

Elastomeric

Extremely large elastic deformations are possible with this type of polymer.

Elastomeric

The activation energy (the Q in the D= De^(-Q/RT)) is a measure of the: A. Number of atoms passing across a plane in a given time B. Energy required to cause an atom to move position within a crystal C. Distance an atom will move in a single jump

Energy required to cause an atom to move position within a crystal

Because the properties of this internal region of a casting are attractive, inoculation may be used to promote its formation or increase its size: A. Chill B. Columnar C. Equiaxed D. Heat affected

Equiaxed

(Hypothetical Phase Diagram) -- Reaction at 450 C

Eutectoid

In this reaction a solid separates to form a mixture of two new solid phases

Eutectoid

Which of the following reactions occurs entirely in the solid state

Eutectoid

Which of the following reactions occurs entirely in the solid state? A. Eutectic B. Eutectoid C. Peritectic D. Monotectic

Eutectoid

Upon cooling, iron changes from FCC to a BCC. Because of the relative packing factor efficiencies of these structures, iron will __ when it transforms from FCC to BCC. A. Contract B. Expand C. Remain unchanged

Expand

When iron cools from red-heat to room temperature, it changes from FCC to BCC. Because of this change and the different packing factors associated with these structures, iron ____ during this change.

Expands

Aluminum, copper, silver and gold are "soft, weak and extremely ductile". These properties are characteristic of metals with this crystal structure.

FCC

Because this structure has four non-parallel slip planes {111} with three slip directions in each for a total of 12 slip systems, it exhibits exceptional ductility. A. BCC B. FCC C. HCP

FCC

Cold work strengthening is highly effective for metals with this crystal structure:

FCC

Cold working is an effective means of strengthening materials with this crystal structure A. SC B. BCC C. FCC D. HCP

FCC

Materials with this structure are very ductile, since it has four different slip planes and three slip directions in each - for twelve slip systems.

FCC

Strain hardening is most effective (greatest increase in strength) in metals with which of these crystal structures?

FCC

In the FCC unit cell, the atoms are "touching" along the:

Face Diagonals

In the face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure, atoms touch along the: A. Cube edges B. Body diagonals C. Face diagonals

Face diagonals

A high-strength aerospace aluminum alloy has strength equivalent to a quenched-and-tempered medium carbon steel.

False

Adhesive bonding is an attractive means of joining materials that will be used at elevated temperature.

False

Friction Stir Welding can be used to join most metals

False

Friction Stir Welding is frequently used to join steel.

False

Good electrical and thermal conductivity is a characteristic or description of most polymeric materials.

False

Good mechanical properties at elevated temperature is a characteristic or description of most polymeric materials.

False

Good wear resistance is a characteristic or description of most polymeric materials.

False

Magnesium can be significantly strengthened by cold work.

False

Parallel line striations and "beach marks" that appear on fracture surfaces are characteristic of failure by this means: A. Tensile B. Impact C. Fatigue D. Creep

Fatigue

The room- temperature (BCC) form of iron that can only contain up to .02% carbon in solid solution is called: A. Ferrite B. O-Ferrite C. Austenite D. Cementite

Ferrite

In which of these metal joining techniques does the metal to be joined not melt?

Friction Stir Welding

Which of these process heat treatments produces the weakest, most ductile product for any carbon content steel? A. Process Anneal B. Full anneal C. Normalize D. Spheroidize

Full anneal

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic property of ceramic materials? A. Good corrosion resistance and chemical stability B. High melting temperature C. Hard and rigid, but brittle D. Good electrical and thermal conductivity

Good electrical and thermal conductivity

Which of the following is not an asset of aluminum?

Good elevated temperature strength

Which of the following is NOT an attractive asset of aluminum and aluminum alloys? A. Easy to fabricate B. Very ductile C. Good electrical and thermal activity D. Good strength at elevated temperature

Good strength at elevated temperature

Which of these crystalline defects is not classified as a point defect?

Grain Boundary

In a polycrystalline material, the surfaces that are created where the individual crystals meet are called:

Grain boundaries

Superplastic behavior is a result of which deformation mechanism? A. Dislocation multiplication B. Grain boundary sliding C. Cross-slip of dislocations D. Localized melting

Grain boundary sliding

During this stage of annealing, strength continues to drop, but there is little change in other properties. This stage is usually considered to be undesirable.

Grain growth

Which stage of annealing is usually considered to be undesirable?

Grain growth

Compacted graphite cast iron has a structure and properties that fall between is: A. Malleable and ductile B. Gray and ductile C. White and Malleable D. Gray and white

Gray and ductile

If we were to add 5% nickel to pure copper to produce a copper-5% nickel alloy, the ductility of the alloy would be ___ the strength of pure copper. A. Greater than B. The same as C. Less than

Greater than

Magnesium and zinc die castings (such as Hot Wheels cars), are characteristically brittle. This is because these metals have the ____ crystal structure.

HCP

Materials with this structure tend to be brittle because there is only one identifiable slip plane, and it may not be favorably oriented.

HCP

The crystal structure that contains close-packed planes stacked in the ABABAB sequence is: A. SC B. BCC C. FCC D. HCP

HCP

Zinc and magnesium are generally brittle at room temperature. This brittleness is a characteristic of the ___ crystal structure.

HCP

The Jominy test is used to evaluate the ____ of a steel. A. Ductility B. Hardness C. Hardenability

Hardenability

This type of test is the quickest and least expensive to conduct, and is frequently used as a quality control check during manufacturing operations.

Hardness

This type of test is the quickest and least expensive to conduct, and is frequently used as a quality control check during manufacturing operations. A. Tensile B. Impact C. Fatigue D. Creep E. Hardness

Hardness

Which of the following is NOT a correct statement regarding magnesium? A. Has a wide range of mechanical properties since it responds well to strengthening B. Has good machining characteristics, but the chips can burn C. Like aluminum, is poor in wear, creep and fatigue D. Has the HCP crystal structure and is characteristically brittle

Has a wide range of mechanical properties since it responds well to strengthening

Compared to materials with other structures, materials with the BCC structure tend to: A. Have greater strength B. Have greater ductility C. Be brittle

Have greater strength

The third and final step of a three-step age hardening heat treatment would be to: A. Heat to a temp between the liquidus and solidus B. Heat to the single phase region and hold to produce a homogeneous solid C. Heat the super saturated phase material to a temperature below the solvus where the second phase will precipitate

Heat the super saturated phase material to a temperature below the solvus where the second phase will precipitate

The initial first step of a three- step age hardening heat treatment would be to: A. Heat to a temp between the liquidus and solidus B. Heat to the single phase region and hold to produce a homogeneous solid C. Heat the super saturated phase material to a temperature below the solvus where the second phase will precipitate

Heat to the single phase region and hold to produce a homogeneous solid

All of the high-temperature refractory metals are:

Heavier than steel

Which of the following is a significant limitation to the use of copper and copper alloys? A. Poor formability B. Poor conductivity C. Heavier than steel D. Poor corrosion resistance

Heavier than steel

Which type of nucleation is promoted by adding impurity particles to the melt (inoculation)? A. Homogeneous B. Heterogeneous

Heterogeneous

Which type of nucleation is rarely observed during normal solidification? A. Homogeneous B. Heterogeneous

Homogeneous

If we increase the temperature, we would expect the diffusion coefficient to:

Increase

Increasing the length of the average chain would _______ the strength of a polymer.

Increase

Inducing "crystallization" during cooling would _______ the strength of a polymer.

Increase

Replacing hydrogen side atoms with chlorine would _______ the strength of a polymer.

Increase

As the temperature is increased in the range of atomic diffusion, we would expect the rate of atom movement to ___ with temperature. A. Increase linearly B. Decrease linearly C. Increase exponentially D. Decrease exponentially

Increase exponentially

As the temperature is increased in the range of atomic diffusion, we would expect the rate of atom movement to___ with temperature.

Increase exponentially

If we increase the temperature, the flux or the amount of atom movement will:

Increase exponentially

Plastically deforming of "Cold working" a thermoplastic polymer would: A. Increase the strength of the resulting polymer B. Decrease the strength of the resulting polymer C. The strength of the polymer does not depend on deformation

Increase the strength of the resulting polymer

Replacing hydrogen side atoms with chlorine to form a copolymer would: A. Increase the strength of the resulting polymer B. Decrease the strength of the resulting polymer C. The strength of the polymer does not depend on the side atoms

Increase the strength of the resulting polymer

During a creep test, we would expect the rupture time to decrease if we ___ the magnitude of loading or ___ the test temperature.

Increase, increase

As the carbon content of the steel increases, the strength and hardness of the resulting martensite: A. Increases B. Decreases

Increases

Adding crystalline imperfections to a metal lattice almost always ____ the strength and ___ the ductility.

Increases, decreases

Which of these composite joining methods requires a conductive composite or a susceptor between the composites to be joined?

Induction Welding

The key feature of the dispersion strengthening mechanism is:

Interfaces between the two solid phases

The activation energy would be lower (diffusion is easier) for which of these?

Interstitial carbon atom in iron

Carbon atoms are much smaller than iron atoms. We would expect carbon to move in iron by:

Interstitial diffusion

Since none of the crystal structures have 100% packing efficiency, smaller atoms may fit into the spaces between the host atoms. These locations and the atoms lying there are called:

Interstitials

Diffusion is more difficult in ____ bonded materials.

Ionic

This type of bonding requires two different types of atoms (an electron donor and an electron receiver).

Ionic

The bonding in ceramic materials is: A. Ionic and metallic B. Covalent and metallic C. Ionic and covalent D. Covalent and van derWaals

Ionic and covalent

If the size of nucleating solid is greater that the critical radius for a given temperature,____: A. It will remelt, ex return to liquid B. It will continue to grow into a larger solid C. It will divide and create additional nuclei

It will continue to grow into a larger solid

In Fick's First Law, J= -D(dc/dx), the resultant movement of atoms (flux) is represented by this term: A. J B. D C. dc D. dx

Dual-phase steels are quenched from a temp that is: A. Just above the A1 B. midway between the A3 and A1 C. Above the A3

Just above the A1

Plywood, safety glass, bimetallic strip and Alclad are all examples of this type of composite A. Laminar B. Particulate C. Fiber-reinforced

Laminar

Which of the following is a correct statement regarding cold work?

Large forces are required

A material with an ASTM grain size of 4 would have ___ crystals compared to one of ASTM 8, and would also be ___.

Larger, weaker

A material with an ASTM grain size of 8 would have ___ crystals compared to one of ASTM 2, and would also be ___.

Larger, weaker

Compared to a metal with an ASTM grain size of 6, a material with a grain size number of 4 would have _____ crystals and would be _____.

Larger, weaker

Which of these metal joining processes would you expect to be the fastest?

Laser Welding

The thermodynamic term for the amount of heat energy released when liquid cools to a solid is: A. Specific Heat B. Superheat C. Latent heat of fusion D. Undercooling

Latent heat of fusion

A collection of ordered points in space is called a _____.

Lattice

In a crystalline lattice, the distance between adjacent lattice points (in a specified direction) is the: A. Miller index B. Lattice parameter C. Packing factor D. Coordination Number

Lattice parameter

The aspect ratio of a reinforcing fiber is the ratio of its: A. Strength to stiffness B. Strength to density C. Length to diameter D. Density to that of the matrix

Length to diameter

In fiber-reinforced composites, the term "aspect ratio" refers to the ratio of:

Length to diameter of the fibers

If we were to add 5% nickel to pure copper to produce a copper-5% nickel alloy, the ductility of the alloy would be ___ the ductility of pure copper. A. Greater than B. The same as C. Less than

Less than

Compared to aluminum, magnesium alloys are: A. Stronger B. Lighter C. More ductile D. More corrosion resistant

Lighter

Carbon is an interstitial atom when dissolved in iron. Because it is an interstitial, the solubility of carbon would definitely be: A. Zero B. Limited C. Unlimited

Limited

The temperature below which a material begins to solidify upon cooling is called the: A. Freezing range B. Liquidus C. Solidus D. Solvus

Liquidus

The designation system for this metal consists of two letters followed two or three numbers, such as AZ61 or AM100.

Magnesium

This metal can be very difficult to fabricate. It is brittle at room temperature; machining chips can burn: and molten metal must be kept under protective atmospheres

Magnesium

This type of cast iron, which is extremely hard and used almost exclusively for its outstanding wear resistance, has all of its high carbon in the form of Fe3C. A. Gray B. White C. Malleable D. Ductile E. Compacted graphite

Malleable

For a given steel, which of the following structures has the highest strength and hardness?

Martensite

The true equilibrium form of carbon in iron-carbon alloys is: A. Cementite B. Austenite C. Martensite D. Graphite

Martensite

Which of the following structures is NOT a mixture of ferrite and cementite? A. Pearlite B. Bainite C. Martensite D. Tempered martensite

Martensite

Which of the following structures is not a mixture of ferrite and cementite?

Martensite

Met 2110 focuses on which step in the manufacturing sequence? A.Material Selection B. Process selection C. Manufacture or fabrication D. Evaluation

Material Selection

The first step in the activity sequence for manufactured products is

Material selection

Residual stresses produced by cold working: A. Are always detrimental B. May be advantageous or detrimental C. Are always advantageous

May be advantageous or detrimental

Because of the type of bond, diffusion would be easiest to activate in materials with ___ bonding. A. Ionic B. Covalent C. Metallic

Metallic

Because the electrons in this type of bonding are not captive to either atoms or locations, but are free to wander throughout the structure, electrical and thermal conductivities are good, and the materials are often ductile. A. Metallic B. Ionic C. Covalent D. Vander Waals

Metallic

Dislocations move most easily and impart ductility in materials with this type of bonding:

Metallic

In general, we would expect diffusion to be easiest in materials with ___ bonding.

Metallic

Materials with this type of bonding can exhibit both high strength and high ductility.

Metallic

The valence electrons in this type of bonding are no longer associated with a particular atom or a specific location, but are free to wander throughout the entire structure

Metallic

The valence electrons in this type of bonding are no longer associated with a particular atom or a specific location, but are free to wander throughout the entire structure.

Metallic

Materials in this family often exhibit good strength and good ductility. They are also good electrical and thermal conductors. A. Metals B. Ceramics C. Polymers

Metals

The activation energy would be lower (diffusion is easier) for which of these?

Metals

This class of materials typically has high ductility, and a high electrical and thermal conductivity.

Metals

The stiffness or rigidity of a material can be evaluated by this tensile test property:

Modulus of Elasticity

The superalloy metals are based on which two metals? A. Nickel and cobalt B. TItanium and copper C. Tungsten and molybdenum D. Beryllium and magnesium

Nickel and cobalt

Which of these process heat treatments cools steel in air during the transformation process? A. Process anneal B. Full Anneal C. Normalize D. Spherodize

Normalize

Carbon atoms are much smaller than iron atoms. We would expect the carbon atoms to: A. Occupy interstitial sites B. Occupy substitutional sites. C. Lie on grain boundaries

Occupy interstitial sites

Copper and zinc are similar-size atoms. If zinc atoms are added to copper, they would be expected to:

Occupy substitutional sites

An austenitic stainless steel is one that: A. Contains significant amounts of carbon and achieves much of its strength from phase transformation hardening B. Is the cheapest, and if it achieves most of its strength from solid solution strengthening C. Offers the greatest ductility and formability (because of its FCC crystal structure)

Offers the greatest ductility and formability (because of its FCC crystal structure)

Since it would be the least tightly bonded, the lowest temperature would be required to activate movement of an atom lying: A. On a free surface B. Along a grain boundary C. Within a crystal

On a free surface

In order to move a dislocation, we must

Only break the bonds along a row or line of atoms

In order to move a dislocation, we must A. Break all the bonds over an entire surface or plane of atoms B. Only break the bonds along a row or line of atoms C. Only break the bonds to a single or individual atom

Only break the bonds along a row or line of atoms

When we solidify a metal alloy, solidification occurs ___ and appears as a ___ on a cooling curve.

Over a freezing range; slope change

If an age-hardened aluminum-copper alloy is reheated to diffusion temperatures, the result will likely be: A. Overaging and an increase in strength B. Overaging and a loss of strength C. A decrease in ductility

Overaging and a loss of strength

From tensile test data, this property is computed as (Ao - Af)/Ao x 100%

Percent reduction in area

(Hypothetical Phase Diagram) -- Reaction at 1150 C

Peritectic

(Hypothetical Phase Diagram) -- Reaction at 300 C

Peritectoid

Which of the following reactions is most sluggish and most likely to result in a nonequilibrium final structure

Peritectoid

For an edge dislocation, the Burger's vector is ___ to the dislocation line:

Perpendicular

Ceramic materials excel when: A. Mechanical properties dominate the selection process B. Physical properties dominate the selection process

Physical properties dominate the selection process

If the liquid ahead of a growing solid has a temp higher than the melting point, growth into the liquid will be: A. Dendritic growth B. Planar growth

Planar growth

Materials that can exist in more than one crystal structure (depending upon the conditions of temperature and pressure) are called:

Polymorphic

Which of the following is not a limitation of magnesium and magnesium alloys?

Poor machinability

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of aluminum? A. Poor thermal conductivity B. Poor wear resistance C. Low stiffness D. Poor in fatigue

Poor thermal conductivity

A material with lots of little crystals would be expected to have ___ electrical conductivity than the same metal with larger crystals.

Poorer

Which of the following techniques is used to impart enhanced rigidity and dimensional stability to the rubbery elastomers? A. Produce longer chains B. Promote cross-linking C. Initiate branching D. Cold work (deform) the polymer

Promote cross- linking

All of the mechanical assessment tests (tensile, impact, fatigue, hardness) relate to this aspect of materials engineering.

Properties

In a fiber-reinforced composite, we ask the matrix material to do all of the following EXCEPT:

Provide strength and stiffness

In a fiber-reinforced composite, we ask the matrix material to do all of the following EXCEPT: A. Provide strength and stiffness B. Provide ductility and toughness C. Support the fibers D. Provide desired electrical or thermal conductivity

Provide strength and stiffness

We can promote the nucleation of a solid by:

Providing existing surface,Decreasing the liquid temperature

Which of the following is NOT a standard condition for the tensile test? A. Rapid rate of loading B. Diameter of .505 inches C. Room Temp D. Gage length of 2 inches

Rapid rate of loading

During which stage of annealing are there no "optically-observable" changes to the structure, but some properties do change?

Recovery

During which stage of annealing do dislocations move, but do not decrease in amount.

Recovery

The stage of annealing where the residual stresses from cold working are eliminated, but the strengthening remains is: A. Recovery B. Recrystallization C. Grain Growth

Recovery

During this stage of annealing, new grains nucleate and grow, ductility is restored, and strength drops significantly.

Recrystallization

During which stage of annealing are new grains nucleated and grown?

Recrystallization

During which stage of annealing are the effects of strain hardening removed and ductility restored?

Recrystallization

During which stage of annealing are the number or density of dislocations decreased dramatically?

Recrystallization

The stage of annealing where the effects of strain hardening are removed, and ductility is restored is: A. Recovery B. Recrystallization C. Grain Growth

Recrystallization

The stage of annealing where the number of dislocations decreases significantly is: A. Recovery B. Recrystallization C. Grain Growth

Recrystallization

During hot working:

Recrystallization continually removes the effects of deformation

The use of advanced ceramics is most limited by the inability to: A. Control material purity B. Control sintering time and temperature C. Reduce flaw size

Reduce flaw size

All members of this group have the BCC structure and are heavier than steel

Refractory metals

In order for this material to function at extremely high temperatures (approaching 3000ºF), protective coatings are required.

Refractory metals

Members of this group include tungsten, tantalum and molybdenum.

Refractory metals

If the temperature is increased, the value of the activation energy, Q, will:

Remain unchanged

Which of these composite joining methods requires a wire mesh to be embedded between the composites to be joined?

Resistance Welding

In Schmid's Law, τ = σ Cos λ Cos φ , the symbol τ is known as the:

Resolved shear stress

Which mechanical fastening method was predominantly utilized in applications experiencing a shear loading in the TUDelft video "Introduction to the Types of Mechanically Fastened Joints "

Rivets

Which mechanical fastening method would be preferred in applications experiencing a shear loading?

Rivets

Metallic-bonded materials prefer crystal structures with dense packing and a large number of nearest neighbors. The LEAST attractive structure is ___ since it has only ___ neighbors. A. SC -- 6 B. BCC -- 8 C. SC -- 8 D. BCC -- 6

SC -- 6

GE Aviation is investigating which composite material for applications inside jet engines?

SiC/SiC CMCs

For an edge dislocation, the dislocation line and Burger's vector combine to define a:

Slip plane

A material with a ASTM grain size of 8 would have __ crystals compared to one of ASTM 4. A. Smaller B. The same size C. Larger

Smaller

Increasing the cooling rate of a eutectic material will produce a structure with ___ interlamellar spacing (or layer thickness) and ___ strength. A. Smaller, higher B. Smaller, lower C. Larger, lower D. Larger, higher

Smaller, higher

Ideally, we would like the matrix of an age hardenable alloy to be: A. Hard and brittle B. Soft and ductile

Soft and ductile

Which of the following would NOT be desirable if we want good dispersion strengthening?

Soft, ductile precipitates in a hard matrix

The temperature at which a material is fully solidified is called the: A. Freezing range B. Liquidus C. Solidus D. Solvus

Solidus

The temperature below which a material is fully solidified is called the:

Solidus

Austenitizing is similar to this step in the age hardening sequence. Aging

Solution treatment

Austenitizing of steel is similar to this step in the age hardening sequence.

Solution treatment

Steel A has a flat hardenability curve and a maximum hardness of Rockwell C 35. Steel B has a hardenability curve that drops off quickly as Jd increases, but a maximum hardness of Rockwell C 65. The steel with the highest alloy content would be:

Steel A

Zinc atoms and copper atoms are approximately the same size. If a zinc atom occupies a lattice point in a crystal of nearly pure copper, the "defect" is called a(n):

Substitutional

Solid solution strengthening can be obtained through the addition of:

Substitutional or interstitial point defects

This type of crystalline defect is responsible for solid solution strengthening: A. Substitutional or interstitial point defects B. Grain boundaries C. Dislocations

Substitutional or interstitial point defects

Nickel and cobalt form the basis of this group.

Superalloys

Which of the following is not a true statement about hot working?

Surface finish and dimensional precision are good

Which of these fusion welding techniques would be best to join aluminum or titanium?

TIG Welding

Which of these joining techniques would not be used to join composite materials?

TIG Welding

Which of the following is not a correct statement regarding cold work?

The amount of deformation is essentially unlimited

In a two-phase region of an equilibrium phase diagram, the lever law can be used to compute: A. The time required to solidify B. The yield strength of the alloy C. The chemistry of each of the phases D. The amounts of each of the phases

The amounts of each of the phases

The anisotropy and residual stresses produced by cold working:

In Fick's First Law, J = -D dc/dx, the term "D" represents:

The diffusion coefficient

In Fick's First Law, J = -D (dc/dx), the term "J" represents:

The flux of atoms (# crossing an area in a given time)

One advantage fo additive manufacturing is the ability to optimize the components. This optimization is possible largely because:

The geometries of the AM component are not possible with conventional casting or machining techniques

Which of the following is NOT an attractive feature of adhesive bonding? A. The joints offer good strength at elevated temperatures (in excess of 500F) B. All materials and combinations can be joined C. The adhesive can provide noise and vibration damping D. Adhesives are light in weight

The joints offer good strength at elevated temperatures (in excess of 500F)

During hot working, the material is deformed at which temperatures? A. The melting temp. B. Room temp. C. The recrystallization temp.

The recrystallization temp

Plastic deformation commences when: A. The resolved shear stress equals the critical resolved shear stress B. The applied stress equals the critical resolved shear stress

The resolved shear stress equals the critical resolved shear stress

If one steel alloy has a flat hardenability curve and a maximum hardness of Rockwell C 35 and another steel alloy has a hardenability curve that drops off quickly as Jd Increases, but a maximum hardness of Rockwell C 65, which steel alloy has the highest carbon content? A. The steel with the flat hardenability curve B. The steel with the steep hardenability curve C. The steel with hardness of Rockwell C 35 D. The steel with hardness of Rockwell C 65

The steel with the hardness of Rockwell C 65

The Rule of Mixtures predicts properties based on: A. The size, shape and distribution of the components B. The volume fractions of the component materials C. The orientation of the component materials

The volume fractions of the component materials

This NDT technique uses infrared radiation for inspections

Thermographic Imaging

An adhesive example of this type of polymer would be hot-melt glue

Thermoplastic

An adhesive example of this type of polymer would be hot-melt glue.

Thermoplastic

Extremely large plastic deformations are possible with this type of polymer.

Thermoplastic

In this type of polymer, heating softens, cooling hardens, and the cycle can be repeated.

Thermoplastic

These polymers are the most easily recycled variety.

Thermoplastic

Which of these composite materials is most easily joined by welding?

Thermoplastic

The most easily recyclable polymers are almost always: A. Thermoplastics B. Thermosets C. Elastomers

Thermoplastics

Polymers of this type tend to have the highest strength and highest rigidity. Two-part epoxy is an example: A. Thermoplastic B. Thermoset C. Elastomer

Thermoset

An adhesive example of this type of polymer would be two-part epoxy.

Thermosetting

The highest rigidity is found in this type of polymer.

Thermosetting

The highest strength polymers would most likely be of this type.

Thermosetting

Composites for outer skin or structural aircraft application (non-jet engine) are typically carbon fibers in what type of matrix

Thermosetting Polymer or Thermoplastic

This is the only lightweight metal that is also considered to be an "elevated temperature" material, retaining useful strength up through 500C or 900F A. Aluminum B. Beryllium C. Magnesium D. Titanium

Titanium

This metal can offer strength comparable to heat-treated medium-carbon steel at a little more than half the weight of steel, and is often found in aerospace applications. A. Aluminum B. Beryllium C. Magnesium D. Titanium

Titanium

Which of the following is a correct statement regarding the joining of cold worked material?

To retain mechanical properties, cold worked materials should only be joined by low temperature joining methods.

Engineering strain is defined as: A. applied load/ original area B. Applied load/ actual area C. Total stretch/ original length D. The slope in the elastic region

Total stretch/ original length

Adhesive bonding is an attractive means of joining dissimilar materials.

True

Adhesive joints often compensate for their lower strength by increasing the area of the bond.

True

Brittleness is a property that is characteristic or descriptive of most ceramic materials

True

Can have integral color is a characteristic or description of most polymeric materials.

True

Good corrosion resistance is a characteristic or description of most polymeric materials.

True

Good elevated temperature creep resistance is a property that is characteristic or descriptive of most ceramic materials.

True

High hardness is a property that is characteristic or descriptive of most ceramic materials

True

High melting temperature is a property that is characteristic or descriptive of most ceramic materials.

True

Light weight is a characteristic or description of most polymeric materials.

True

Low thermal expansion is a property that is characteristic or descriptive of most ceramic materials

True

The corrosion resistance of titanium is due to an adherent oxide, much like aluminum.

True

When magnesium is the material of choice, it is almost always for weight reduction.

True

Which of the following is considered a refractory metal? A. Tungsten B. Magnesium C. Aluminum D. Nickel

Tungsten

Which of the following is considered a refractory metal? A. Tungsten B. Magnesium C. Aluminum D. Nickel

Tungsten

Linear or chain-type polymers form when the reacting mers have a functionality of: A. One B. Two C. Three or more D. Any of these

Two

The smallest volume of a lattice that retains all of its characteristics is called the:

Unit Cell

Dispersion-strengthened particulate composites are generally formed to extend or enhance the: A. Useful temperature range of a material B. Material toughness C. Material's ductility D. Material rigidity

Useful temperature range of a material

The defect that occurs when an atom is missing from a lattice point is called a(n):

Vacancy

The two most common mechanisms for diffusion are:

Vacancy and Interstitial

The two most common mechanisms for atom movement (diffusion) are: A. Vacancy and ring B. Vacancy and interstitial C. Ring and interstitial D. Dislocation and grain boundary

Vacancy and interstitial

Zinc atoms are about the same size as copper atoms. We would expect zinc atoms to move in copper by:

Vacancy diffusion

All of the bonding electrons are tied up within molecules in this type of bonding. If the charge is not distributed uniformly within the molecules, a weak electrostatic attraction can occur between the polarized molecules. Its effects are often significant in polymeric materials. A. Metallic B. Ionic C. Covalent D. Vander Waals

Vander Waals

In this weakest type of bonding, all of the electrons are tied up within discrete molecules. If the charge is not distributed uniformly within the molecules, a weak electrostatic attraction can occur between the various polarized regions.

VanderWaals

This type of bonding is considered the weakest of the four types listed below.

VanderWaals

This NDT technique sometimes employs an instrument called a borescope

Visual Inspection

This is the oldest NDT technique.

Visual Inspection

When fabricating products from thermoplastic polymers, production may be slowed because we must: A. Wait for the polymer to cool in the mold before it can be ejected. B. Provide time for the resin to cure in the mold before ejection C. Alloy time for the material to sufficiently cross-link

Wait for the polymer to cool in the mold before it can be ejected

A piece of pure copper has an ASTM grain size of 8 and a yield strength of 45,000 psi. If it is heated to a temperature where diffusion can occur and held for an extended period of time, we would expect the resulting material to be ___ and have ___ grains.

Weaker, larger

For diffusion processes, the activation energy, Q, is a measure of:

What is required to cause an atom to move from one location to another

White

An aluminum alloy has the designation 3003-H14. This alloy would be a: A. Wrought alloy B. Casting alloy

Wrought alloy

What is the difference between wrought and cast alloys? A. Wrought is single-phase, cast is multi-phase B. Wrought is heat-treated, cast are not-heat-treated C. Wrought is shaped as a solid, cast is shaped as a liquid D. Wrought is strengthened by age hardening, cast is cold worked

Wrought is shaped as a solid, cast is shaped as a liquid

A stress-rupture diagram is a compilation of results from a number of ___ tests.

Yield Point or yield strength

The first signs of permanent or plastic deformation are most closely associated with this value on a tensile test curve:

Yield point

The first signs of permanent or plastic deformation are most closely associated with this value on a tensile test curve: A. Yield point B. Tensile strength C. Breaking strength

Yield point

From the chart below, which material would you choose if you needed a strength of at least 100MPa and a density greater than 5000kg/m3?

Zinc Alloys

A brittle second phase precipitate can make the entire material brittle if it forms as

a continuous film that wets grain boundaries

The aluminum designation system identifies metal chemistry. An aluminum alloy with a four-digit designation would be considered to be:

a wrought alloy.

The corrosion protection in galvanized steel is a result of:

a zinc coating, which is anodic to iron

Solution treatment is performed by heating material to a temperature that is:

above the solvus

Additives to an electrolyte which are preferentially adsorbed at the anode or cathode to provide protection against corrosion are called:

adding an inhibitor

The process of adding components to an electrolyte which are preferentially adsorbed at the anode or cathode to provide protection against corrosion are called:

adding an inhibitor

A "phase" is characterized by

all of these

Which property is necessary for the coatings applied to refractory metals?

all of these

Carburizing a material, such as a gear, is an example of a(n) ___ surface treatment.

altered surface chemistry

In the color anodizing process, the material being colored is:

aluminum oxide.

If we increase the amount of sulfur when "vulcanizing" elastomeric rubber, the product becomes stronger and more rigid. This is because of the increased:

amount of cross-linking

Cold worked components usually have ___ properties.

anisotropic

Laminar composites are always:

anisotropic

Corrosion in an electrochemical cell occurs at the:

anode

The portion of a metal part in contact with the lowest oxygen electrolyte will act as the:

anode

Once a specific material has been selected for a design, which of these might deter the use of that material, and cause you to reconsider?

any of these

The matrix for a fiber-reinforced composite can be:

any of these materials

If we wanted to estimate the properties that would be obtained during a normalizing heat treatment, we could evaluate the properties obtained:

at the opposite end of the Jominy specimen (far removed from the quenched end).

In this isothermal transformation treatment, austenite is transformed below the nose of the T-T-T diagram to produce bainite:

austempering

Which of the following heat treatments would result in the highest strength product? : [hint: consider the resulting microstructures!]

austempering

In this isothermal transformation treatment of steel, austenite is transformed below the nose of the T-T-T diagram to produce bainite:

austempering.

The elevated-temperature (FCC) form of iron that can contain up to 2.11% carbon in solid solution is called:

austenite

Quench cracking is a distinct possibility when rapidly cooling steels because the cooling is nonuniform (surfaces cool faster than interiors) and:

austenite expands when it transforms

The family of stainless steels that offers the greatest ductility and formability (because of its FCC crystal structure) is:

austenitic

This type of stainless steel can be easily identified and separated from the other types since it is not strongly attracted to a magnet.

austenitic

The "degree of polymerization" refers to the:

average number of mers per molecule.

The isothermal transformation product that forms below the "nose", but above Ms of the TTT diagram is:

bainite

If the Ac-40%Bg alloy were slowly reheated, liquid would begin to form at a temperature

below 300 C

Artificial aging is performed by heating a material to a temperature that is:

below the solvus

Dual-phase steels are quenched from a temperature that is:

between the A3 and A1

Very large and reproducible dimensional changes are produced by temperature changes in:

bimetallics

During cold working, energy is stored in the deformed metal in the form of:

both of the above

The structural feature that is unique to dispersion hardening is

boundaries between two different phases

Among the quenchants of brine, water, and oil, the fastest cooling would be expected in a ___ quench.

brine (salt water)

During quenching, the most rapid cooling occurs during the ___ stage.

bubble formation and removal

The primary or pro-eutectoid phase that forms when we cool between the Acm and A1 temperatures is:

cementite

For a given steel, the weakest structure would be

coarse pearlite

For a given steel, the weakest structure would be:

coarse pearlite

In this region in a casting anisotropic properties are always exhibited

columnar

The lease desirable properties in a casting are found in this region

columnar

This region in a casting results from the selective growth of already existing favorably oriented grains

columnar

If two sheets of pure nickel are fastened together by a nickel bolt and nut, and corrosion occurs in the crevice between the two sheets, it is probably due to a:

composition cell

If an annealed steel bar partially submerged in water corrodes just beneath the waterline, then the corrosion is probably due to a:

concentration cell

The suffix (the letter or letter and number that appear after the hyphen) in the aluminum designation system designates the material:

condition (past processing history).

The primary uses of copper are related to its:

conductivity and corrosion resistance.

Copper excels over other metals we have discussed in which property?

conductivity.

Shrink voids can form during solidification because when a metal goes from liquid to solid, it generally

contracts

The second step in a three-step age hardening heat treatment would be to:

cool the material rapidly from the single phase alpha region (quench) to produce a supersaturated solid solution

The equilibrium structure in ceramic materials (lowest energy) would be:

crystalline

If we drop the temperature further below the melting temperature (undercool) the size of the critical radius will

decrease

Increasing the amount of initiator or activator in an addition polymerization reaction will ___ the length of the chains and ___ the strength of the resulting polymer.

decrease, decrease

If we increase the cooling rate through the eutectoid reaction, the interlamellar spacing will ___ and the strength of the pearlite will ____.

decrease, increase

When a precipitate grows to the point where it loses "coherency" and becomes a distinct second phase, the strength of the material:

decreases

According to the materials selection video we watched from TU Delft, which of these steps comes first in the materials selection process?

determine the failure modes of the component

The increase in strength observed during cold work or strain hardening is primarily due to a vast increase in the number or amount of:

dislocations

A composite formed of a metal matrix containing small oxide particles that interfere with dislocation movement would be an example of:

dispersion strengthened composite

Carbon fibers are usually produced by:

driving off hydrogen from precursor polymer fibers

Properties equivalent to steel (strength, ductility and fracture resistance) are observed in this type of iron where smooth-surface graphite spheres form directly upon solidification.

ductile

if we increase the tempering temperature, we would expect an increase in

ductility

For in-space applications, the best choice for an additive manufacturing process would be:

e-beam plus wire feed

Beryllium is unique among the engineering metals because of its extremely high:

elastic modulus.

Corrosion in an electrochemical cell occurs at the location where

electrons leave the material

Corrosion in an electrochemical cell occurs at the location where:

electrons leave the material

Because of its FCC crystal structure, copper and copper alloys have

excellent formability.

The two phases in a "dual-phase" steel are:

ferrite and martensite

This family of stainless steel is the cheapest, and it achieves most of its strength from solid solution strengthening.

ferritic

The difference between the liquidus and solidus is called the

freezing range

In this heat treatment of steel, the resulting structure typically contains coarse pearlite:

full anneal

This heat treatment of steel produces the weakest, most ductile product for any carbon content steel:

full anneal

During the thermal arrest portion of a cooling curve, the material is

going from liquid to solid

In most age hardenable alloys, the precipitate is:

hard and brittle

Intermetallic compounds are usually:

hard and brittle

To be age hardenable, an alloy should be precipitates that are: A. Hard, brittle and incoherent B. Hard, brittle and coherent C. Soft, ductile and incoherent D. Soft, ductile and coherent

hard, brittle and coherent

The Jominy test is used to evaluate the ___ of a steel.

hardenability

Increasing the carbon content of a steel tends to increase ___. Increasing the alloy content increases ___.

hardness, hardenability

The third and final step of a three-step age hardening heat treatment would be to:

heat the supersaturated α phase material to a temperature below the solvus where the second phase will precipitate.

Consider the three-step heat treatment to age harden an aluminum- 4%cu alloy. Beginning with room temperature material, the first step would be:

heat tot he single phase alpha region and hold to produce a homogenous solid

The highest strength aluminum alloys are:

heat-treatable.

Besides its high temperature properties, tungsten is also:

heavier than lead.

Copper and copper alloys are:

heavier than steel.

Inoculation is a means of promoting ____ nucleation

heterogeneous

Because of retained austenite problems, a below-zero cooling operation would be most needed when quenching a ___ steel.

high carbon, plain carbon

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of gray cast iron?

high fracture resistance

Because alloy elements retard tempering, the maximum operating temperature for alloy steels is ___ than for plain carbon steels.

higher

This type of nucleation is rarely obvserved during normal solidification

homogeneous

At least up to some point, increasing the volume fraction of fibers in a fiber- reinforced composite will:

increase the strength

As the carbon content of the steel increases, the strength and hardness of martensite

increases

As we cool between Ms and Mf, the martensite

increases in amount

Increasing the aspect ratio of whiskers

increases the strength of fiber-reinforced composites

The strength of fiber reinforced composites is increased by

increasing the volume fraction of fibers

Ceramic materials have ___ atomic bonding

ionic or covalent

In this isothermal transformation treatment, austenite is transformed to pearlite above the nose of the T-T-T diagram:

isothermal anneal

In this isothermal transformation treatment, austenite is transformed to pearlite above the nose of the T-T-T diagram:

isothermal anneal.

Because of their geometries, the properties of ___ composites are always anisotropic.

laminar composite

Clad coinage, such as U.S. dimes and quarters, are examples of:

laminar composite

Producing a material whose surface is corrosion resistant or wear resistant, while keeping the material relatively inexpensive is one example of an application for:

laminar composites

For elevated temperature creep resistance, a crystalline ceramic should have ___ crystals.

large

Which of the following configurations will have the slowest corrosion rate?

large anode area, small cathode area

Boeing utilizes an additive process they call "Laser Powder bed Fusion (LPBF), also known as Selective Laser Melting (SLM). This process results in manufactured components with:

large residual stresses, which must be relieved after the build

The thermodynamic term for the amount of heat energy released when liquid goes to solid is

latent heat of fusion

Heterogeneous nucleation requires ____ undercooling than homogeneous nucleation

less

If we were to add 5% nickel to pure copper to produce copper 5% nickel alloy, the resulting alloy would be ____ and ____ than copper.

less ductile

If we were to age harden the Al - 4%Cu alloy at 350°C, we would expect the maximum strength to be __ the maximum strength attainable with a 300°C aging temperature

less than

If we were to age harden the Al - 4%Cu alloy at 350°C, we would expect the time to achieve maximum strength to be ___ compared to the time to attain maximum strength at 300°C.

less than

Carbon is an interstitial atom when dissolved in iron. Because it is an interstitial the solubility of carbon in iron would definitely be

limited

For the Ac-40%Bg alloy, the stable phase(s) at 500 C are

liquid + alpha

Gas solubility is greater in ___ than it is in ___ material of the same chemistry

liquid, solid

The temperature at which a material begins to solidify upon cooling is called the

liquidus

This type of cast iron contains graphite "clumps" or "clusters" that form during a heat treatment.

malleable

The highest-strength steel would likely be a member of this group:

maraging

For a given steel, which of the following structures has the highest strength and hardness

martensite

Which of the following structures is not a mixture of ferrite and cementite?

martensite

This type of stainless can contain significant amounts of carbon and achieves much of its strength from phase transformation hardening.

martensitic

In a fiber-reinforced composite material, the ductility and toughness are provided by the:

matrix material

Anisotropy and the residual stresses produced by cold working

may be advantageous or detrimental.

From the chart below, which material would you choose if you needed a strength of at least 100MPa and a density less than 500kg/m3?

none of these

(Hypothetical Phase Diagram) -- Mu Phase (u)

nonstoichiometric intermetallic

In this heat treatment of steel, the resulting structure typically contains fine pearlite:

normalize

This heat treatment of steel cools material in still air during the transformation process:

normalize

If an age-hardened aluminum-copper alloy is reheated to diffusion temperatures, the result will likely be:

overaging and a loss of strength

The strength and stiffness of a directional fiber-reinforced composite will be highest:

parallel to the fibers

Because of their geometries, the properties of ___ composites are always isotropic.

particulate composite

Cemented carbides, or cermets, are a type of:

particulate composite

We would expect to find the most isotropic behavior in:

particulate composites

A lamellar structure of alternating layers of ferrite and cementite is a description of:

pearlite

Equilibrium cooling of a 0.77%C steel will produce a structure of 100% ___

pearlite

Equilibrium cooling of a 0.77%C steel will produce a structure of 100% ___.

pearlite

The isothermal transformation product that forms below A1, but above the "nose" of the TTT diagram is:

pearlite

The lamellar or layered structure, consisting of alternating plates of ferrite and cementite, is called:

pearlite

The lamellar or layered structure, consisting of alternating plates of ferrite and cementite, is called:

pearlite.

A hybrid additive manufacturing system combines:

powder fed laser deposition with CNC milling

(Lead-Tin (Pb-Sn) diagram) -- If a 30% tin alloy were equilibrium cooled to room temperature, we would expect to find a structure of

primary alpha plus eutectic

If we slow cool a hypoeutectoid steel (such as 0.4% C), the microstructure will contain:

primary ferrite plus pearlite

This heat treatment of steel is used to restore ductility to cold-worked low carbon steels by simply inducing recrystallization of the ferrite:

process anneal

Very light weight yet high stiffness can be obtained by:

producing aluminum honeycomb panels

When welding steel, there is great concern regarding the heat-affected zone. This region can:

reaustenitize and produce a new structure upon cooling, over-temper and further soften or weaken(both a and b)

If the size of an "embryo" is smaller than the critical radius, it will

remelt (revert back to a liquid)

Martempering or marquenching is a heat treatment designed to reduce:

residual stresses & quench cracking

Martempering or marquenching is a heat treatment designed to reduce:

residual stresses & quench cracking.

The quench medium in the Jominy test is

room temperature water

(Hypothetical Phase Diagram) -- Alpha Phase (a)

single phase solid solution of B in A

On a cooling curve for a Cu-Ni alloy the liquidus and solidus temperatures appear as ____

slope changes

Superplastic forming would be most appropriate for

small quantity; slow rate production

Fast cooling tends to promote nucleation and results in

smaller grains and stronger material

(Lead-Tin (Pb-Sn) diagram) -- Increasing the cooling rate of a eutectic material will produce a structure with ____ interlamellar spacing (or layer thickness) and ____ strenght

smaller, higher

Ideally, we would like the matrix of an age hardenable alloy to be:

soft and ductile

The temperature at which a material is fully solidified is called the

solidus

Austenitizing is similar to this step in the age hardening sequence

solution treatment

steel A

steel B

For a specific metal, increasing the percent cold work would result in a metal ___________ the same metal with less cold work:

stronger than

Pearlite is ___ ferrite.

stronger than

Solid solution strengthening occurs through the addition of this type of defect

substitutional or interstitial point defects

The "standard" format of phase diagras used in this course will be a plot of

temperature vs. composition (chemistry) at 1 atmospheric pressure

When two phases are present in a material, the compositions (chemistry) of each phase can be determined by

the end points of a tie line (end points)

Hot working is defined as deformation performed at a temperature above:

the recrystallization temp.

The carbon content of martensite is

the same as the austenite from which it formed

Boeing utilizes "Cold Spray" for structural component corrosion repair. Which of these is not a benefit of the cold spray process?

the surface is heated and residual stresses are relieved

When a hot piece of metal is immersed in a liquid quenchant (with the metal temperature above the liquid boiling point), the initial stage of cooling is called:

vapor jacket

When a material solidifies, there is a release of energy proportional to the ___, but energy must be provided that is proportional to the ____.

volume of solid; new interfacial surface area

When a material solidifies, there is a release of energy proportional to the ____, but the energy must be provided that is proportional to the ____.

volume of solid; new interfacial surface area

An equilibrium phase diagram can be used to determine

what phases will be present for each condition of chemistry and temperature, where phase transitions (such as melting) will occur, the chemistry and amount of each phase present at any condition

Because all of the high carbon is in the form of Fe3C, this type of cast iron is extremely hard and is used almost exclusively for its outstanding wear resistance.

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