Final Exam
The heart and blood vessels are the primary organs of the ________ system. A) lymphatic B) integumentary C) cardiovascular D) muscular
C) cardiovascular
Muscle tissue has the ability to shorten when adequately stimulated, a characteristic known as ________. A) elasticity B) irritability C) contractility D) extensibility
C) contractility
The outermost layer of the epidermis is keratinized and known as stratum ________. A) basale B) granulosum C) corneum D) spinosum
C) corneum
The heads of the myosin myofilaments are called ________ when they link the thick and thin filaments together during skeletal muscle contraction. A) neuromuscular junctions B) synapses C) cross bridges D) motor units
C) cross bridges
Nerve impulses involve the flow of an electrical current, a type of energy known as A) radiant B) mechanical C) electrical D) chemical
C) electrical
Which of the following is ONLY found associated with a child's bone? A) diaphysis B) marrow cavity C) epiphyseal plate D) periosteum E) articular cartilage
C) epiphyseal plate
The three main metabolic pathways involved in cellular respiration are ________. A) gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, glycogenolysis B) anaerobic, aerobic, and fermentation C) glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain D) lactic acid fermentation, alcohol fermentation, glycolysis
C) glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain
Cells abundant within the large intestine that produce large amounts of lubricating mucus to aid in the passage of feces to the end of the digestive tract are called ________. A) parietal cells B) chief cells C) goblet cells D) enteroendocrine cells
C) goblet cells
) The first step in bone healing involves the formation of a blood-filled swelling known as a(n) ________. A) epiphyseal line B) bony callus C) hematoma D) fibrocartilage callus
C) hematoma
Contractions in which muscles shorten and produce movement are known as ________. A) isotonic contractions B) twitches C) isometric contractions D) resistance exercises
C) isometric contractions
The energy value of foods is measured in units called ________. A) BMI B) Hertz C) kilocalories (kcal) or Calories D) Joules
C) kilocalories (kcal) or Calories
Which type of tissue conducts electrochemical impulses? A) epithelial tissue B) muscle tissue C) nervous tissue D) connective tissue E) dense tissue
C) nervous tissue
When growing bones widen through appositional growth, what kind of cells add bone matrix to the outside of the diaphysis? A) erythrocytes B) osteoclasts C) osteoblasts D) osteocytes
C) osteoblasts
The ________ sphincter, or valve, controls food movement from the stomach into the small intestine. A) ileocecal B) cardioesophageal C) pyloric D) anal
C) pyloric
The type of muscle found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach, and in the walls of blood vessels is ________. A) cardiac muscle B) skeletal muscle C) smooth muscle D) both smooth muscle and skeletal muscle E) both cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle
C) smooth muscle
An atom with 13 electrons will have _____ electrons in the outer most valence shell. A. 5 B. 2 C. 3 D. 8
C. 3
Shell 1 of an atom can hold a maximum of ________ electron(s). A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 8 E) 18
B) 2
There are four stages in the healing of a bone fracture. Which of the following best illustrates the sequence of these stages? 1. bony callus formation 2. bone remodeling 3. fibrocartilage callus formation 4. hematoma formation A) 4, 3, 2, 1 B) 4, 3, 1, 2 C) 1, 2, 3, 4 D) 1, 3, 4, 2 E) 1, 3, 2, 4
B) 4, 3, 1, 2
___ refers to all chemical reactions necessary to maintain life. A) Digestion B) Metabolism C) Homeostasis D) Nutrition
B) Metabolism
The only dry membrane is the A. Serous B. Cutaneous C. Basement D. Synovial E. Mucous
B. Cutaneous
In cell division, the term that refers to division of the cytoplasm is A. mitosis B. cytokinesis C. interphase D. meiosis
B. Cytokinesis
____ glands possess ducts that transport secretions onto epithelial surfaces A. Adrenal B. Exocrine C. Thyroid D. Endocrine
B. Exocrine
The preparation of secretory vesicles for export from the cell is the responsibility of the ________. A. mitochondrion B. golgi apparatus C. peroxisome D. smooth endoplasmic reticulum E. cytoskeleton
B. Golgi apparatus
The phospholipid tails are ____, which makes the plasma membrane impermeable to water. A. Water-Loving B. Hydrophobic C. Hydrophilic D. Polar
B. Hydrophobic
Where are mucous membranes found? A. covering the brain B. Lining the inside of the stomach C. covering the heart D. Lining joint cavities E. Lining the abdominal cavity wall
B. Lining the inside of the stomach
The specialized cellular compartments within the cytosol of the cell are collectively called _____. A. Flagella B. Organelles C. Microvilli D. Cilia
B. Organelles
The passive process that involves the movement of water through aquaporins is A. Solute pumping B. Osmosis C. Facilitated diffusion D. Endocytosis
B. Osmosis
A cell is isotonic to its 4% dextrose solution. When moved to a 6% dextrose solution, that cell will ________. A. not change in size or shape B. shrink C. lyse D. Bloat E. Rupture
B. Shrink
Nutrients and ions can pass directly from cell to cell through special membrane junctions known as ________. A. desmosomes B. gap (communicating) junctions C. microvilli D. tight junctions E. inclusions
B. gap (communicating) junctions
Which of the following is not a subatomic particle associated with an atom A. electron B. proton C. ion D. neutron
C. Ion
The organelle that contains enzymes produced by ribosomes and packaged by the Golgi apparatus is the ________. A. peroxisome B. rough endoplasmic reticulum C. lysosome D. ribosome E. golgi apparatus
C. Lysosome
The "tanning" effect that occurs when a person is exposed to the sun is due to the increased presence of A. keratin B. melanin C. sweat D. epidermis dendritic cells E. oil
B. melanin
The organelle responsible for making the majority of ATP in a cell is the ____. A. Lysosome B. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum C. Mitochondrion D. Golgi apparatus
C. Mitochondrion
Milk production during breastfeeding is increased by suckling of a newborn from his mother's nipple. This type of feedback mechanism best describes A. homeostatic imbalance B. negative feedback C. Both negative and positive feedback D. an abnormal physiological mechanism E. positive feedback
B. negative feedback
Which property of water explains its ability to prevent sudden changes in body temperature? A) chemical reactant B) Cushioning C) High Heat Capacity D) Polarity
C) High Heat Capacity
What is the first stage to occur during tissue repair (wound healing)? A) formation of granilation tissue B) regeneration C) inflammations D) fibrosis E) formation of scar tissue
C) Inflammations
What determines where the bone matrix will be remodeled? A) Sex hormones B) Osteoblasts and osteoclasts C) Pull of gravity and muscles on the skeleton and calcium ion levels in the blood D) Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin
C) Pull of gravity and muscles on the skeleton and calcium ion levels in the blood
Which of the following solutions is the weakest acid? A) a solution with a pH of 2.4 B) a solution with a pH of 5.2 C) a solution with a pH of 6.4 D) a solution with a pH of 8.6 E) a solution with a pH of 10.1
C) a solution with a pH of 6.4
The building blocks of proteins are ________. A) monosaccharides B) nucleotides C) amino acids D) nucleic acids E) fatty acids
C) amino acids
Two or more bones meet at a location called a(n) ________. A) fracture B) hematoma C) articulation (joint) D) marrow cavity
C) articulation (joint)
Enzymes are ________. A) carbohydrates B) stable at high temperatures C) biological catalysts D) not reuseable E) required in large amounts in order to be effective
C) biological catalysts
Which of the following is a skin cancer that accounts for 8-% of all skin cancer cases and affects the cells of stratum basal? A. psoriasis B. malignant melanoma C. basal cell carcinoma D. squamous cell carcinoma
C. basal cell carcinoma
The sebaceous and sweat glands associated with the skin are classified as _____ glands because they release secretions to the skin A. serous B. mucous C. exocrine D. endocrine
C. exocrine
What accounts for 60 to 80 percent of the body's weight? A. carbohydrates B. carbon C. water D. Minerals
C. water
The correct order of phases of the mitosis is ________. A) prophase, interphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase B) prophase, anaphase, telophase, metaphase C) metaphase, anaphase, prophase, telophase D) telophase, metaphase, anaphase, prophase E) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
E) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Atomic mass is equivalent to the number of ________ in an atom. A) protons B) neutrons C) electrons D) protons and electrons E) protons and neutrons
E) protons and neutrons
Which of the following epithelial tissues is composed of many layers of cells? A) pseudostratified columnar epithelium B) simple squamous epithelium C) simple columnar epithelium D) simple cuboidal epithelium E) stratified squamous epithelium
E) stratified squamous epithelium
Which of the following is classified as a protein? A) RNA B) Glucose C) Cholestrol D) Triglyceride E) Enzyme
E. Enzyme
The skin and its derivates (nails, glands, and hairs) form the A. Lymphatic System B. Immune System C. Endocrine System D. Skeletal System E. Integumentary System
E. Integumentary System
The epidermis is composed of A. Areolar tissue B. Dense fibrous connective tissue C. Simple columnar epithelium D. Adipose tissue E. Stratified squamous epithelium
E. Stratified squamous epithelium
Which of the following is NOT apart of the cell theory? A. Cells are basic structural and functional unit of living organisms B. The activities of cells are determined by their structure, which determines the function C. The activity of an organism depends on its collective cellular activities D. The continuity of life has a cellular basis E. The human body is composed of 50 to 100 trillion cells.
E. The human body is composed of 50 to 100 trillion cells.
Which of the following is not considered a nutrient? A. Minerals B. Vitamins C. Carbohydrates D. Proteins E. Water
E. Water
T/F Cells are building blocks of all matter
F
T/F Tissues are made up of different types of organs
F
T/F: Most homeostatic control mechanisms are negative feedback reactions
T
Passive processes that move substances across membranes ________. A. Do not require ATP B. include exocytosis and endocytosis C. employ protein pumps D) transport substances against their concentration gradients E. utilize ATP
A. Do not require ATP
Blood leaves the left ventricle through an artery known as the ________. a. aorta b. coronary sinus c. pulmonary trunk d. superior vena cava
a. aorta
Fluid tends to be forced out of a capillary bed by ________ while ________ tends to draw fluid into the capillary bed. a. blood pressure; osmotic pressure b. systolic pressure; diastolic pressure c. osmotic pressure; diastolic pressure d. osmotic pressure; blood pressure
a. blood pressure; osmotic pressure
Erythrocytes ________. a. lack a nucleus and most organelles b. are the least common of all formed elements c. possess lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules d. travel by diapedesis through the walls of vessels e. clot blood
a. lack a nucleus and most organelles
The organ largely responsible for the synthesis of clotting factors is the ________. a. liver b. thyroid c. spleen d. kidneys e. pancreas
a. liver
Which of the following cells are classified as granulocytes? Select one: a. neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils b. basophils and lymphocytes c. lymphocytes and monocytes d. neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils e. eosinophils and monocytes
a. neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
Life at a high altitude can lead to a red blood cell disorder known as ________. a. polycythemia b. leukocytosis c. anemia d. leukemia
a. polycythemia
Arteries are normally depicted as red while veins are colored blue. The exceptions to this rule are the ________ arteries and veins. Select one: a. pulmonary b. systemic c. hepatic d. coronary
a. pulmonary
Where does hematopoiesis produce new red blood cells? Select one: a. red bone marrow b. synovial membrane c. yellow bone marrow d. epiphyseal line e. articular cartilage
a. red bone marrow
Large veins have ________ to prevent the backflow of blood. a. valves b. sphincters c. tunics d. shunts
a. valves
During mid-to-late diastole, blood flows from the atria to the ______ a. ventricles b. lungs c. pulmonary trunk d. aorta
a. ventricles
In a centrifuged blood sample, the buffy coat situated between the formed elements and the plasma contains ________. a.. leukocytes and platelets b. leukocytes and erythrocytes c. eythrocytes only d. platelets and erythrocytes e. leukocytes only
a.. leukocytes and platelets
Each hemoglobin molecule is able to transport ________ molecules of oxygen. a. 1 (one) b. 4 (four) c. 2 ( two) d. 3 (three)
b. 4 (four)
The ABO blood groups are based on two antigens: antigen ________ and antigen ________. AB; O b. A; B c. A; O d. B; O
b. A; B
A person with type B blood can receive blood from blood type(s) ________. a. A, B, AB, O b. B, O c. B, O, AB d. AB, B
b. B, O
The two superior receiving chambers of the heart are known as the ________, while the two inferior discharging chambers of the heart are known as the ________. a. veins; arteries b. atria; ventricles c. arteries; veins d. ventricles; atria
b. atria; ventricles
The first heart sound, "lub," is caused by the closure of the ________ valves. a. semilunar b. atrioventricular (AV) c. pulmonary d. aortic
b. atrioventricular (AV)
Which formed element is the most abundant in blood? Select one: a. platelet b. erythrocyte c. eosinophil d. lymphocyte e. basophil
b. erythrocyte
The process by which bleeding is stopped is called ________. a. hematopoiesis b. hemostasis c. erythropoiesis d. homeostasis
b. hemostasis
Sustained elevated arterial blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg is a condition known as ________. a. circulatory shock b. hypertension (high blood pressure) c. orthostatic hypotension d. myocardial infarction
b. hypertension (high blood pressure)
Jordan works in a hematology lab and received a blood report showing 22,000 white blood cells per cubic millimeter of blood for a patient. He determines this patient has ________. a. a normal blood count b. leukocytosis c. leukopenia d. anemia e. polycythemia
b. leukocytosis
Pulmonary circulation involves blood flow to and from the heart and the ________. a. brain b. lungs c. skin d. digestive organs e. body
b. lungs
The bicuspid valve is also referred to as the ________ valve. a. pulmonary b. mitral c. aortic d. semilunar
b. mitral
The external carotid artery serves the skin and muscles of the head and ________. a. armpit b. neck c. abdomen d. leg e. groin
b. neck
The sinoatrial node is located in the ________. Select one: a. right ventricle b. right atrium c. interventricular septum d. left atrium e. aorta
b. right atrium
Which of the following vessels has the lowest blood pressure? arteries b. venae cavae c. capillaries d. veins e. arterioles
b. venae cavae
A decrease in the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood, for any reason, is a condition known as ________. a. leukocytosis b. leukemia c. anemia d. polycythemia
c. anemia
A substance that stimulates the immune system to release antibodies is the ________. Select one: a. antibody b. prothrombin activator c. antigen d. fibrinogen e. interleukin
c. antigen
The valves located between the atria and ventricles are known as the ________ valves. a. semilunar b. aortic c. atrioventricular (AV) d. pulmonary
c. atrioventricular (AV)
Which blood type contains the A antigen only? Select one: a. blood type B b. blood type O c. blood type A d. blood types A and AB e. blood type AB
c. blood type A
Which type of vessel is constructed only from tunica intima? a. veins b. venules c. capillaries d. arterioles e. arteries
c. capillaries
The heart sounds "lub" and "dup" result from ______. a. contraction of the heart b. opening of the heart valves c. closure of heart valves d. blood rushing through the chambers e. firing of the nodes of the intrinsic conduction system
c. closure of heart valves
Severe shock that can be fatal occurs with blood loss exceeding ________. a. 50 percent b. 5 percent c. 10 percent d. 30 percent
d. 30 percent
A persistent clot in an unbroken blood vessel is known as ________. Select one: a. leukopenia b. polycythemia c. an embolus d. a thrombus
d. a thrombus
Why are calcium ions necessary for skeletal muscle contraction? A) calcium increases the action potential transmitted along the sarcolemma B) calcium releases the inhibition on Z discs C) calcium triggers the binding of myosin to actin D) calcium causes ATP binding to actin E) calcium binds to regulatory proteins on the myosin filaments, changing both their shape and their position on the thick filaments
C) calcium triggers the binding of myosin to actin
What lymphatic tissue in the submucosa of the small intestine prevents bacteria from entering the blood? A) Peyer's patches B) rugae C) appendix D) circular folds (plicae circulares) E) lacteals
A) Peyer's patches
During a synthesis reaction, amino acids join together to form A) Proteins B) Nucleic Acids C) Carbohydrates D) Monomers
A) Proteins
Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system? A) Regulation on blood pressure B) Support the body C) Storage of fat and minerals D) Protection of soft body organs
A) Regulation on blood pressure
The period of the cell cycle when the cell grows and performs its metabolic activities is __________. A. Interphase B. Telophase C. Anaphase D. Metaphase
A. Interphase
The portion of the cell's life cycle that does NOT involve cell division is known as ________. A) interphase B) mitosis C) metaphase D) prophase E) cytokinesis
A. Interphase
Groups of cells that are similar in both structure and function are known as ____. A. Tissues B. Atoms C. Organ Systems D. Organs
A. Tissues
Matter is best described as A. anything that occupies space and has mass B. having no mass C. ability to put matter into motion D. the ability to do work
A. anything that occupies space and has mass
Which of the following are pigments that contribute to skin color? A. melanin; carotene; hemoglobin B. sebum; sweat; urea C. melanin; jaundice; erythema D. collagen; elastic; karatin
A. melanin; carotene; hemoglobin
What is required for diffusion to occur? A. ribosomes B. ATP C. Protein carrier or channel D. Solute pump E. Concentration Gradient
A. ribosomes
An atom with 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons. Its atomic has is ____ A) 14 B) 8 C) 20 D) 2 E) 6
A) 14
The skulll, vertebral column, and thoracic cage form the A) Axial B) Main C) Appendicular D) Central
A) Axial
From superior to inferior, what is the correct order of the vertebrae? A) Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar B) Lumbar, Thoracic, Cervical C) Cervical, Lumbar, Thoracic D) Sacral, Cervical, Lumbar
A) Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar
Which one of the following is NOT true of cholesterol? A) Cholesterol provides energy fuel for muscle contraction. B) Cholesterol serves as the structural basis of steroid hormones. C) Cholesterol serves as the structural basis of vitamin D. D) Cholesterol is a major building block of plasma membranes. E) Only about 15 percent of cholesterol comes from the diet.
A) Cholesterol provides energy fuel for muscle contraction
The number of protons always equals the ______ in a neutral atom A) Number of electrons B) Atomic Weight C) Atomic Mass Number D) Number of neutrons E) Nu,ber of valence shells
A) Number of electrons
The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationships to one another is called ________ A) anatomy B) physiology C) homeostasis D) negative feedback E) irritability
A) anatomy
Small canals that connect osteocytes in their lacunae to the central canal are known as ________. A) canaliculi B) perforating (Volkmann's) canals C) central (Haversian) canals D) perforating (Sharpey's) fibers
A) canaliculi
The process of physically and chemically breaking food particles down is referred to as ________. A) digestion B) defecation C) ingestion D) absorption
A) digestion
A smooth, sustained contraction is called ________. A) fused, or complete, tetanus B) a twitch C) unfused, or incomplete, tetanus D) summing of contractions
A) fused, or complete, tetanus
Which of the following leads to an increase in the rate of a chemical reaction? A) increased temperature B) large particle size C) lack of catalysts D) decreased temperature E) few particles
A) increased temperature
What type of bond results when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another? A) ionic bond B) hydrogen bond C) carbon bond D) polar covalent bond E) nonpolar covalent bond
A) ionic bond
Hydrochloric acid is necessary in the stomach for the conversion of pepsinogen into its active protein-digesting form called ________. A) pepsin B) rennin C) amylase D) peptidase
A) pepsin
A cancer drug interferes with the development of mitotic spindle fibers during cell division. Which phase is directly affected? A) prophase B) telophase C) anaphase D) metaphase E) interphase
A) prophase
The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of ________ an atom contains. A) protons B) neutrons C) protons and neutrons D) neutrons and electrons
A) protons
The plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle cell is called the ________. A) sarcolemma B) sarcomere C) myofilament D) sarcoplasm E) sarcoplasmic reticulum
A) sarcolemma
A tissue constructed of a single layer of flattened cells is known as ________. A) simple squamous epithelium B) simple columnar epithelium C) simple cuboidal epithelium D) stratified squamous epithelium E) transitional epithelium
A) simple squamous epithelium
Which term does not describe smooth muscle cells? A) skeletal B) involuntary C) visceral D) nonstriated
A) skeletal
Which type of muscle tissue contracts most quickly upon stimulation? A) skeletal B) visceral C) cardiac D) smooth E) tendons
A) skeletal
In adults, the function of the yellow marrow is to ________. A) store adipose tissue B) form blood cells C) store calcium and phosphorus D) promote lengthwise growth in long bones E) decrease friction at joint surfaces
A) store adipose tissue
The ________ membrane lines the fibrous capsule surrounding joints. A) synovial B) serous C) mucous D) cutaneous
A) synovial
Which one of the following is composed of myosin protein? A) thick filaments B) thin filaments C) all myofilaments D) Z discs E) light bands
A) thick filaments
The total amount of kilocalories the body must consume to fuel all ongoing activities, which increases dramatically during physical exertion, is called the ________. A) total metabolic rate (TMR) B) homeostasis C) basal metabolic rate (BMR) D) body mass index (BMI)
A) total metabolic rate (TMR)
Polar molecules, like water, result when electrons are shared ________. A) unequally between atoms B) between ions C) equally between atoms D) or transferred between atoms
A) unequally between atoms
A nurse tends to a patient with a sunburn. Upon examination, she sees blisters and red skin. What type of burn does the patient most likely have? A. 2nd B. 3rd C. 4th D. 1st
A. 2nd
_____ tissues is commonly called fat A. Adipose B. Dense fibrous C. Reticular D. Bone
A. Adipose
Proteins are digested to their building blocks which are called ________. A) peptides B) amino acids C) polypeptides D) fatty acids E) glycerol
B) amino acids
Bone growth in width that occurs due to weight lifting at age 40 is most likely A) none since bones don't grow after adolescence B) appositional growth C) occurring at the epiphyseal lines D) due to rickets E) occurring at the epiphyseal plates
B) appositional growth
Elements are composed of building blocks known as ________. A) molecules B) atoms C) compounds D) polymers E) protons
B) atoms
Striated involuntary muscle tissue is classified as ________ muscle. A) skeletal B) cardiac C) smooth D) either smooth or skeletal
B) cardiac
The tissue that is usually well vascularized and has an extensive extracellular matrix is called ________. A) epithelial tissue B) connective tissue C) nervous tissue D) muscle tissue E) brain tissue
B) connective tissue
The three subdivisions of the small intestine are ________. A) cecum, colon, rectum B) duodenum, jejunum, ileum C) cardiac, body, pylorus D) ileum, cecum, rectum
B) duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as ________. A) exocrine B) endocrine C) sebaceous D) ceruminous E) sudoriferous
B) endocrine
What does collagen provide as a components of bone? A) brittleness B) flexibility C) hardness D) resistance to compression
B) flexibility
When we imagine a person exhibiting anatomical position, the palms of the hands are assumed to be facing ________. A) to the side B) forward C) down D) behind
B) forward
When digestion is not occurring in the small intestine, bile is stored in the ________. A) liver B) gallbladder C) pancreas D) spleen
B) gallbladder
Which carbohydrate is also known as blood sugar? A) sucrose B) glucose C) ribose D) deoxyribose E) cellulose
B) glucose
The body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions is referred to as ________. A) metabolism B) homeostasis C) irritability D) output
B) homeostasis
The active, voluntary process of placing food in one's mouth is ________. A) defecation B) ingestion C) mastication D) deglutition
B) ingestion
One neuron and all the skeletal muscles it stimulates is known as a ________. A) sarcoplasmic reticulum B) motor unit C) synaptic cleft D) neuromuscular junction
B) motor unit
The skeletal muscles that contract and shorten to move the bones form the ________ system. A) skeletal B) muscular C) endocrine D) reproductive
B) muscular
Isotopes have different numbers of ________; thus they also have different ________. A) protons; atomic numbers B) neutrons; atomic masses C) electrons; atomic numbers D) protons; atomic masses E) neutrons; atomic numbers
B) neutrons; atomic masses
The propulsive process that moves food from one organ to the next is called ________. A) ingestion B) peristalsis C) digestion D) mastication E) absorption
B) peristalsis
Which of the following is an example of an isometric contraction? A) shaking the head as to say "no" B) pushing against an immovable wall C) bending the elbow D) rotating the arm E) nodding the head as to say "yes"
B) pushing against an immovable wall
The three major components of a homeostatic control system? A) receptor, responder, effector B) receptor, control center, effector C) control center, responder, output D) Stimulus, control center, input E) receptor, stimulus, effector
B) receptor, control center, effector
Damaged tissues that are repaired by the same kind of cells experience a replacement process known as ________. A) inflammation B) regeneration C) fibrosis D) scarring E) clotting
B) regeneration
The pleura and pericardium are examples of ________ membranes that cover organs in a body cavity closed to the exterior. A) mucous B) serous C) cutaneous D) synovial
B) serous
Amylase is an enzyme that is only able to digest ________. A) protein B) starch C) fat D) vitamins E) minerals
B) starch
Immovable joints are functionally classified as ________. A) diarthroses B) synarthroses C) amphiarthroses D) symphyses
B) synarthroses
The two major body cavities are ________ and ________. A) abdominopelvic; thoracic B) ventral; dorsal C) cranial; dorsal D) thoracic; ventral
B) ventral; dorsal
Which of the following is the smallest unit of all living things? A. Organ B. Cell C. Organ System D. Tissue
B. Cell
Mothers who breastfeed their children will lose a percentage of calcium from their bones. Which hormone is responsible for raising blood calcium levels when they drop below homeostatic levels? A) Insulin B) Growth Hormone C) Calcitonin D) Parathyroid Hormone
D) Parathyroid Hormone
Aerobic glycolysis requires ________ to make ATP. A) creatine phosphate B) oxygen C) glucose D) both oxygen and glucose
D) both oxygen and glucose
A fracture in the _______________ can impair the lengthwise growth of bones in a child. A) osteoblasts B) medullary cavity C) articular cartilage D) epiphyseal plate
D) epiphyseal plate
The femur, tibia, humerus, and radius are all classified as ________. A) compact bones B) irregular bones C) flat bones D) long bones E) sesamoid bones
D) long bones
The process of bone formation is known as ________. A) hematopoiesis B) hemostasis C) metabolism D) ossification
D) ossification
Glycogen and starch are examples of a specific category of carbohydrates called ________. A) monosaccharides B) triglycerides C) steroids D) polysaccharides
D) polysaccharides
Which of the following elements of a control system detects a change? A) control center B) stimulus C) effector D) receptor E) efferent pathway
D) receptor
What organelle wraps and surrounds the myofibril and stores calcium? A) cross bridge B) sarcomere C) sarcolemma D) sarcoplasmic reticulum
D) sarcoplasmic reticulum
Which of the following is NOT classified as a connective tissue? A) bone B) cartilage C) blood D) skeletal muscle E) adipose
D) skeletal muscle
Creatine phosphate (CP) functions within the muscle cells by ________. A) forming a temporary chemical compound with myosin B) forming a chemical compound with actin C) inducing a conformational change in the myofilaments D) storing energy that will be transferred to ADP to resynthesize ATP as needed E) storing energy that will be transferred to ATP to resynthesize ADP as needed
D) storing energy that will be transferred to ADP to resynthesize ATP as needed
A sacromere is A) the wavy lines on the cell B) area between 2 intercalated discs C) the nonfunctional unit of skeletal muscle D) the contractile unit between two Z disc
D) the contractile unit between two Z disc
Which of the following activities represents a physiological study? A) making a section through the kidney to observe its interior B) examining the surface of a bone C) viewing muscle tissue through a microscope D) studying how the layers of the skin are organized E) observing how the heart contracts to pump blood
E) observing how the heart contracts to pump blood
What type of burn only involves injury to the superficial epidermis? A. 2nd B. 3rd C. 4th D. 1st
D. 1st
The structure and functional unit of all living things is the A. Organelle B. Nucleus C. Element D. Cell E. Cytoplasm
D. Cell
The type of tissue that functions to protect, support, and bind together body tissues are classified as ____ A. epithelial tissues B. muscle tissues C. nervous tissues D. connective tissues
D. Connective Tissues
Cellular material located outside the nucleus yet inside the plasma membrane is the ________. A. Extracellular Fluid B. Nucleolus C. Interstitial Fluid D. Cytoplasm
D. Cytoplasm
A solution that contains fewer solutes than the cell is ________ to the cell A. Ringer's lactate B. intravenous C. Isotonic D. Hypotonic E. Hypertonic
D. Hypotonic
Which statement best describes why ATP is an important nucleic acid in the body? A) ATP is the storage form of glucose in the body. B) ATP is a modified RNA molecule used to store genetic information. C) ATP carries out the orders for protein synthesis issued by DNA. D) ATP functions as a catalyst to increase reaction rates. E) ATP provides a form of chemical energy all body cells can use.
E) ATP provides a form of chemical energy all body cells can use.
What is the function of DNA? A) DNA carries out the orders for protein synthesis issued by RNA B) DNA increases the rate of a chemical reaction without becoming part of the product C) DNA serves as a form of chemical energy that all body cells can use D) SNA serves as the most important fuel for body cells E) DNA provides instructions for building every protein in the body
E) DNA provides instructions for building every protein in the body
Which one of the following is NOT a main role of the liver? A) detoxify drugs and alcohol B) degrade hormones C) make cholesterol D) process nutrients during digestion E) add ammonia to the blood
E) add ammonia to the blood
What type of tissue covers the epiphysis of bones and reduces friction in the joints? A) yellow marrow B) endosteum C) spongy bone D) periosteum E) articular cartilage
E) articular cartilage
What sphincter regulates the passage of food from the esophagus into the stomach? A) internal anal sphincter B) external anal sphincter C) ileocecal sphincter D) pyloric sphincter E) cardioesophageal sphincter
E) cardioesophageal sphincter
Which polysaccharide is formed of linked glucose molecules and stored in animal tissues? A) ribose B) cellulose C) starch D) glucose E) glycogen
E) glycogen
Which of the following is the outermost layer of the GI tract that lines the abdominopelvic cavity? A) mucosa B) submucosa C) visceral peritoneum D) muscularis externa E) parietal peritoneum
E) parietal peritoneum
The brachial vein ________. Select one: a. drains blood from the popliteal vein, then empties that blood into the external iliac vein b. drains blood from the internal jugular vein, then empties that blood into the superior vena cava c. drains blood from the radial and ulnar veins, then empties that blood into the axillary vein d. drains blood from the axillary vein, then empties that blood into the superior vena cava e. drains blood from the popliteal vein, then empties that blood into the femoral vein
c. drains blood from the radial and ulnar veins, then empties that blood into the axillary vein
The two main layers of skin are a. Stratum basale and dermis b. papillary layer and reticular layer c. epidermis and dermis d. stratum cornem and dermis e. epidermis and hypodermis
c. epidermis and dermis
The hematocrit is the percentage of ________. a. leukocytes in blood b. platelets in blood c. erythrocytes in blood d. formed elements in blood e. plasma in blood
c. erythrocytes in blood
Blood is ________. a. acidic b. cooler than body temperature c. slightly alkaline d. composed mostly of white blood cells and platelets
c. slightly alkaline
Hemolysis most likely will occur when ________. a. platelets cling to the ruptured endothelium of a blood vessel b. any person receives blood type O during a transfusion c. an Rh positive person receives the first transfusion of blood that is Rh negative d. an Rh negative person receives the second transfusion of blood that is Rh positive e. an Rh negative person receives the first transfusion of blood that is Rh positive
d. an Rh negative person receives the second transfusion of blood that is Rh positive
The largest artery in the body is the ________. a. brachiocephalic artery b. pulmonary trunk c. common carotid artery d. aorta
d. aorta
Pulmonary arteries transport ________. Select one: a. blood rich in carbon dioxide to the right atrium of the heart b. oxygenated blood to the lungs Incorrect c. oxygenated blood to the heart d. blood rich in carbon dioxide to the lungs e. oxygenated blood directly to the aorta
d. blood rich in carbon dioxide to the lungs
The tiny white cords that anchor the cusps or flaps of endocardium to the walls of the ventricles are called the ________. . ductus venosus b. myocardium c. ligamentum arteriosum d. chordae tendineae
d. chordae tendineae
White blood cells containing granules and lobed nuclei are classified as ________. a. neutrophils b. thrombocytes c. agranulocytes d. granulocytes
d. granulocytes
The sinoatrial node, located in the right atrium of the heart, is often called the ________. Select one: a. pericardial cavity b. auricle c. atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His) d. pacemaker
d. pacemaker
An immature RBC which contains some endoplasmic reticulum is called a(n) ________. a. megakaryocyte b. hemocytoblast c. agranulocyte d. reticulocyte e. granulocyte
d. reticulocyte
The process whereby the binding of antibodies to antigens causes RBCs to clump is called ________. a. clotting cascade b. coagulation c. hemostasis d. hemolysis e. agglutination
e. agglutination
Which of the following insoluble fibers forms a mesh network and the basis for the formation of a clot during coagulation? a. hemoglobin b. fibrinogen c. thrombin d. albumin e. fibrin
e. fibrin
The most numerous of the white blood cells are the ________. a. basophils b. lymphocytes c. monocytes d. eosinophils e. neutrophils
e. neutrophils
The mitral valve is normally closed _______ a. when the atrium is contracting b. when the ventricle is in diastole c. when the ventricle is relaxed d. by the movement of blood from the atrium to the ventricle e. when the ventricle is in systole
e. when the ventricle is in systole
The condition of skeletal muscle fatigue can be best explained by ________. A) the all-or-none law B) the inability to generate sufficient quantities of ATP due to feedback regulation of synthesis C) insufficient intracellular quantities of ATP due to excessive consumption D) a total lack of ATP E) inadequate numbers of mitochondria
insufficient intracellular quantities of ATP due to excessive consumption
A skeletal muscle twitch differs from a tetanic contraction in that ________. A) the tetanic contraction is considered abnormal, while the twitch is a normal muscle response B) the tetanic contraction is caused by a single stimulus, while the twitch is caused by very rapid multiple stimuli C) the muscle twitch is prolonged and continuous while a tetanic contraction is brief and "jerky" D) the muscle twitch occurs only in small muscles while a tetanic contraction occurs in large muscle groups E) the muscle twitch is a brief and "jerky" movement, while the tetanic contraction is prolonged and continuous
the muscle twitch is a brief and "jerky" movement, while the tetanic contraction is prolonged and continuous