final exam
On average _ square feet of the respiratory membrane is lost each year after age 30
1
platelets survive about
10 days
menopause is defined as ---- months menstruation and can happen in the 40s or 50s
12
about what percentage of US women will develop invasive breast cancer over the course of their lifetime?
12%
hemoglobin has 4 globin chains. they are composed of
2 alpha chains and 2 beta chains
which HPV strain does gardasil not cover?
20
fibrocystic breast tissue is a cumulative process that mainly affects women between --- and ---
20, 50
Starting in their _ _ _, women are strongly urged to examine their breasts monthly for signs of cancer.
20s
Birth control implants can last up to how long?
3 years
Average age for a man at the time of testicular cancer diagnosis is
33
what is the appropriate cancer grading for tissue that is most abnormal?
4
Macular degeneration usually occurs after age
50
Prostate cancer screening should be conducted after the age of
50
How many adults living in the U.S have hypertension?
50%
Gardasil covers HPV strains
6, 11, 16, 18
The fertilized egg implants in the endometrium ___ to ___ days after ovulation
7, 10
normal oxygen saturation rates are greater than
90%
Nephrosclerosis is
A complication of hypertension
which of the following diseases are capable of spreading via vertical transmission?
AIDS
is a nonsurgical procedure using a catheter inserted into the heart and directs energy to sever the area causing the abnormal rhythm
Ablation
Chills, fever, weakness, hematuria, albuminuria, casts, and edema to the face and ankles are all signs and symptoms of
Acute Glomerulonephritis
Which disorder produces insufficient cortisol and aldosterone and affected the U.S. President, JFK?
Addison's Disease
Active transport is the movement of a substance across a cell membrane ______ a concentration gradient.
Against
Plasma contains the protein _ which promotes the blood's ability to hold water and maintain pressure inside the blood vessels.
Albumin
Which of the following explains why people should avoid taking alcohol and ibuprofen together?
Alcohol and ibuprofen can both irritate the digestive tract, so when taken together they increase the risk that someone with develop stomach ulcers and bleeding. Alcohol makes your kidneys have to work harder than normal while Ibuprofen reduces kidney function. This can lead to kidney problems since more is being demanded of the kidneys while they are being limited by the Ibuprofen. Both alcohol and ibuprofen can make you drowsy, so together they can cause unsafe levels of drowsiness.
Raised blood pressure is an effect of this hormone
Aldosterone
The hormones _ _ _ play an important role in the regulation of the nephron's ability to reabsorb salt and water.
Aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone
What response does the copper IUD produce?
Allergic Inflammatory Coagulation
The _ are surrounded by blood capillaries and are the site of gas exchange
Alveoli
The bronchioles terminate in the lungs as small air sacs called the
Alveoli
which of the following best summarizes how MRI works?
An MRI measures shifts in the relative alignment of protons within hydrogen atoms of water molecules in the body using a magnetic field
In a person with Klinefelter syndrome, there is _
An extra X chromosome
What is psoriasis?
An inflammatory immune reaction that triggers an overgrowth of skin cells, skin changes, and other symptoms
The Neural Tube Defect (NTD) that describes the failure to develop the brain, skull, and scalp is known as _________.
Anencephaly
Is a procedure used to open a partly occluded artery
Angioplasty
Angiotensin-I is converted to Angiotensin-II by
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
Which of the following is not considered an anxiety disorder?
Anorexia Nervosa
Prolactin is produced by which endocrine gland?
Anterior Pituitary Gland
Conjunctivitis will resolve by itself but ___ may hasten the recovery:
Antibiotics
Multiple myeloma is a cancer of the
Antibody producing plasma cells
A person who repeatedly performs acts that are grounds for arrest may have _ _ _ personality
Antisocial
disorders are the most common class of mental disorders present in the population
Anxiety
is usually found during examination for other conditions and may not require treatment
Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis
is the most common heart rhythm disorder.
Atrial fibrillation
There are two forms of macular degeneration
Atrophic and exudative
There are two forms of macular degeneration:
Atrophic and exudative
What disorder occurs more often in males than in females?
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
_______ impairs a child's ability to communicate and interact with others
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Marfan syndrome is an _ _ _ disorder
Autosomal
Hemochromatosis is an _ _ _ disorder
Autosomal recessive
Huntington's disease is an _ _ _ disorder
Autosomal recessive
certain gene mutations increase the risk of breast cancer. the most common gene(s) are
BRCA1 and BRCA2
The kidneys excrete which of the following?
BUN
Folic acid is synthesized by man different types of plants and
Bacteria
Osteomyelitis is an uncommon _ _ _ infection of the bone
Bacterial
Septic arthritis develops as a result of _ _ _ infection of the joint
Bacterial
Insulin is secreted by
Beta cells
The intrauterine device (IUD) that contains progestin can be left in place for how long?
Between 3 and 6 years
is characterized by regular episodes of extreme overeating without trying to compensate for the behavior
Binge eating disorder
Carly is pregnant and has Bipolar disorder. She asks her doctor whether her baby will have Bipolar disorder. Which of the following would be the best response?
Bipolar is caused by both genetic and environmental factors and relatives of people with bipolar disorder are more likely to have Bipolar (5-10%) but that does not mean the child will have it. Right now, there is no way to know if the baby will have it.
Transitional epithelium is located in the
Bladder
The most serious danger in esophageal varices is
Bleeding
Asthma is the result of
Both (Bronchospasm & Mucus production)
is an abnormally low heart rate less than 50 beats per minute.
Bradycardia
How would stem cell technology potentially help people with Parkinson's disease?
By allowing for the patient's own cells to be reprogrammed into new dopamine producing nerve cells that could be transplanted to replace the damaged cells and treat the disease.
Anemia can be helped by eating a balanced diet high in all but
Calcium
The parathyroid glands regulate the level of circulating
Calcium and phosphate
Osteomalacia is caused by inadequate dietary vitamin D and dietary deficiency of
Calcium or phosphorus
Osteomalacia is caused by inadequate dietary vitamin D and dietary deficiency of __
Calcium or phosphorus
Viruses are infectious particles with a core of genetic material wrapped in a
Capsid
samples the blood in each heart chamber for oxygen content pressure
Cardiac catheterization
Adaptive immunity includes two separate but overlapping arms called
Cell mediated immunity and humoral immunity
The ____ is the chief epidemiologic institution in the United States
Centers for disease control and prevention
Following entry into human tissue, the rabies virus moves to the _ _ _ nervous system.
Central
Occlusion of a coronary artery may result in
Chest pain
A type of conjunctivitis called inclusion conjunctivitis is usually transmitted during childbirth when a mother has _ _ _ infection
Chlamydia
Inside the nucleus, DNA is packed with proteins into
Chromosomes
The _ exert a sweeping action, preventing dust and foreign particles from reaching the lungs
Cillia
Cones detect
Color
uses computers and x-rays to create three dimensional images of internal structures
Computed tomography
Hydrocephalus is a _ _ _ disorder.
Congenital
Infectious diseases transmitted directly by human contact are said to be
Contagious or communicable
Which form of birth control or contraceptive does the least harm to your hormonal balance?
Contraceptive Sponge
Birth control pills do all EXCEPT
Create amniotic sac
Scoliosis is characterized by
Curved back
Which disorder may be caused iatrogenically?
Cushing Syndrome
Which statement is incorrect?
Cushing syndrome is due to increased corticosteroid production & JFK had addison's disease
The classic signs of _ _ _ include fat accumulation behind the shoulders, known as a buffalo hump, and a round "moon-shaped" face
Cushing's syndrome
Which genetic disorder has an average survival rate of 32?
Cystic fibrosis
There are several different types of hypersensitivity. Type II is known as
Cytotoxic
Oligohydramnios is ___ amount of amniotic fluid
Decreased
The cause of trigeminal neuralgia remains unknown, although it may be related to _ _ _ of trigeminal neurons.
Demyelination
6.7% of the U.S. population suffers from this disorder
Depression
The signs and symptoms of _ _ _ include polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia,
Diabetes
Prevention of _ _ _ requires an annual eye exam and treatment of diabetes and hypertension
Diabetic retinopathy
results when the contents of the small intestine are rushed through the large intestine
Diarrhea
Diseases that are transmitted primarily by ____ contact include ringworm. HIV/AIDS, the common cold, and influenza
Direct
Plasmin is able to
Dissolve a fibrin clot
Some alleles always produce their trait when inherited and are said to be
Dominant
Antipsychotic medications maily block the receptors for the neurotransmitter ___ in the brain and help reduce the signs and symptoms of schizophrenia
Dopamine
Why would it be beneficial to identify how an existing drug (such as SSRIs) might help prevent dementia rather than starting from scratch with brand new drug research and development?
Drug research and development is expensive, so having an existing model could save money It could speed up the process of development of a treatment for Alzheimer's disease It can help inform future drug development so researchers have a chemical structure blueprint to base the new drug on
Which of the following male reproductive diseases may be caused by psychological or physical factors?
ED
Hormone levels are measured in blood or urine samples via
ELISA and RIA
HIV is diagnosed using a ---- to derect HIV antibodies in the blood
ELISA test
Some _ _ _ can be due to birth defects of the fallopian tubes, endometriosis, complications of ruptured appendix, or. Scarring caused by previous pelvic surgery
Ectopic pregnancies
Diagnosis of MD is based on _ _ _, which shows weak muscle concentration
Electromyography
People with rheumatoid arthritis often have an _______ rheumatoid factor.
Elevated
Mental health is the condition of being sound
Emotionally and mentally
This hormone is secreted by the kidneys and stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow
Erythropoietin
Stratified squamous epithelium is located in the
Esophagus
Spinal cord damage is _ _ _.
Essentially irreversible The layers of the meninges affected by meningitis are the Pia mater and arachnoid mater
Acromegaly is the result of _ _
Excess GH secretion in adulthood
Myopia
Eyeball diameter too long and treated with concave lenses
What definition below best matches the term Myopia?
Eyeball diameter too long and treated with concave lenses
Which definition below best matches the term hyperopia?
Eyeball diameter too short and treated with convex lenses.
What definition below best matches the term "Myopia"?
Eyeball diameter too short and treated with concave lenses
What definition below best matches the term Hyperopia?
Eyeball diameter too short and treated with convex lenses
What stimulates the group of follicles to produce to develop and produce estrogen?
FSH
All the types of Spinal Muscular Atrophy are similar in that they primarily affect cognitive function, are progressive, and lead to a shortened life expectancy.
False
Graves' disease happens when the immune system produces antibodies that cause the pituitary gland to produce too little TSH, which then causes the thyroid gland to produce too few hormones.
False
It is a myth that old eye makeup can lead to increased risk of eye infections and vision loss.
False
Men are at an increased risk for urinary tract infections and urosepsis because men have a longer urethra.
False
Mortality is the number of cases of a disease in a population
False
Most moles develop during adulthood.
False
In patients with cholecystitis, the presence of _ in the duodenum stimulates the gallbladder to contract, which causes pain
Fat
The simplest form of atherosclerosis is _ _ _. Which are thin, flat discoloration in the arteries that can enlarge and become thicker as they grow in length.
Fatty streaks
On exam may have a smooth surface
Fibroadenoma
grows by expansion
Fibroadenoma
May cause breast tenderness
Fibrocystic Breast Tissue
Hyperemesis gravidarum is a complication of usually the ____ trimester of pregnancy
First
To prevent kidney stones, or their reoccurrence
Fluid intake should be increased and dietary calcium reduced
Diabetes may develop during pregnancy, a condition called
Gestational diabetes
________ indicates the amount of plasma being filtered through the kidneys.
Glomerular filtration rate
__________ is an inflammation of the glomerulus and may occur because antigen-antibody complexes collect within the glomeruli.
Glomerulonephritis
All of these are part of male reproductive system EXCEPT:
Goblet Cells
If signs and symptoms for _ _ _ occur, they include a burning sensation when urinating, or a white yellow or green discharge from the penis
Gonorrhea
Part of a cancer diagnosis _ _ _ is helpful in making a prognosis of the disease
Grading
The etiology of syphilis ios the _ _ _ Treponema pallidum
Gram-negative spirochete bacterium
is the most common form if hyperthyroidism
Graves' disease
Acromegaly is causes elevated
Growth Hormone
Damage to the __ before maturity trends to prevent the bones from reaching its mature length.
Growth plate
which translates cholesterol away from a plaque and to the liver?
HDL
Which of the following is a sex-lined disorder?
Hemophilia
which of the following can be spread through raw shellfish??
Hep A
Hepatitis _ was formerly called infectious hepatitishemoch Hepatitis _ was formerly called serum hepatitis
Hep B
which of the following is also known as a "silent" infection
Hep C
All of the following are treatment options for triple negative breast cancer except...
Hormone therapy
Which symptom is NOT present with Type 1 Diabetes
Hyperosmolar coma
___ refers to excessive proliferation of cells.
Hyperplasia
Cushing Syndrome can occur with
Hypersecretion of corticosteroids
What is the main risk factor for hemorrhagic stroke?
Hypertension
___refers to an increase in size of an organ, tissue or cells
Hypertrophy
match the term on the left with its corresponding definition on the right
Hypertrophy > refers to an increase in Hyperplasia > refers to excessive prolit Metaplasia > refers to the ability of the Dysplasia > refers to the abnormal
Congenital hypothyroidism is most often the result of _ _ _, or underdevelopment of the hyperthyroid gland
Hypoplasia
The etiology of fibroid tumors is
Idiopathic
The etiology of ovarian cancer is _ _
Idiopathic
infections provide temporary protection against hepatitis A for people exposed to it
Immunoglobulin
What is referred to as a spontaneous miscarriage where not all the pregnancy tissue is expelled?
Incomplete abortion
Polyhydramnios refers to ____ amount of amniotic fluid
Increased
transmission of an infectious disease occurs when a pathogen can withstand the environment outside of its host for a long period of time before infecting another individual
Indirect transmission
Albumin in the urine can indicate _ _ _ of the urinary tract, particularly the glomeruli
Inflammation
There are two types of acne:
Inflammatory and noninflammatory
Genetic conditions, such as trisomy 21, fragile X syndrome, adn phenylketonuria, are associated with
Intellectually disabled
One type of neuron is the _ _ _, which carries nervous impulses between neurons.
Interneuron
The difference in _ pressure acts as a partial vacuum and prevents the lung from collapsing
Intrapleural
Smooth muscle is under ______ control
Involuntary
Simple goiter may be caused by a deficiency in _ _
Iodine
The most common cause of microcytic anemia is deficiency of
Iron
Which statement is incorrect concerning Parkinson's Disease?
Is also known as Lou Gehrig's disease.
Based on the article "Diabetes and Fat" which of the following is NOT true about fat tissue?
It is an inert mass with no function other than storing fat
Thrombin synthesis is dependent on vitamin
K
genotype XXY
Klinefelter syndrome
High estrogen levels trigger the
LH surge
The signs and symptoms of rabies occur _ _
Late in the course of the disease, usually only days before death
A ____________ is a procedure where a wire is threaded through a catheter and a clot is retrieved and removed to restore blood flow
Lazarus procedure
A kidney biopsy may be performed to determine the presence of _ _ _ characteristic of nephrotic syndrome
Lesions
Natural killer cells are types of
Leukocyte
The primary function of _ is to defend tissues against infections and foreign substances
Leukocytes
Sprains result from the wrenching or twisting of a joint that injures the
Ligament
What organ releases angiotensinogen into the blood?
Liver
Old red blood cells are removed from the body by the ___
Liver and Spleen
Epiphyseal plates are where the growth in length of the____ bones occurs.
Long
Which of the following is a symptom of Epilepsy?
Loss of consciousness
Presbyopia is caused by
Loss of elasticity in the lens of the eye
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is also known as
Lou Gehrig's Disease
Benefits of drinking coffee includes all but
Lower risk of lupus
diagnostic modality that is based on the principle that when hydrogen atoms are placed in an external magnetic field, they can emit radiofrequency energy
MRI
Which statement is not true concerning MRI's
MRIs are a low cost imaging technique
Gestational diabetes can result in what complication?
Macrosomic infants
______ can be identified by increased goal-directed activity or energy and abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood lasting at least one week
Mania
The activity of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles is regulated by the _ in the brain
Medulla and pons
Which of the following types of cells is typically forms moles?
Melanocytes
___refers to the ability of the cell to be able to change from one type of cell to another type of cell.
Metaplasia
is the typical onset for ALS, MS, Huntington's, and some cases of Parkinson's
Middle age
Ottis media is an infection of the:
Middle ear
Vibrations are transmitted through the auditory ossicles - the malleus, incus and stapes which is found in the:
Middle ear
____ is the number of cases of a disease in a population
Morbidity
The tetanus toxin binds to _ _ _, stimulates them, and causes muscles to be continually stimulated to correct
Motor neurons
Protozoa are
Much larger than bacteria
is caused by paramyxovirus
Mumps
Fungal infections are known as
Mycoses
A person who believes that they are special and unique, who exaggerate their achievements and talents, may have _ _ _ personality disorder
Narcissistic
is a frequent complication of cancer chemotherapy or medical immune suppression
Neutropenia
What causes the smooth muscle fibers surrounding the penile arteries to relax?
Nitric oxide
Which statement is incorrect concerning glaucoma?
No warning signs and the vision loss is gradual but can be reversed
James knows it is not safe to take Ibuprofen while drinking alcohol, but he really wants to go to this party, and he hasn't been feeling well. Which of the following would be a safe alternative for him to take instead of Ibuprofen?
None of the above are 100% safe with alcohol
Acrylamide also occurs in all but
Oil based paints
Polycythemia vera is most commonly seen in
Older men
Malignant tumors are generally graded on a scale of
One to Four
The polio virus is transmitted _
Orally and infects motor neurons
Stroma are the supporting framework of a(n)
Organ
The most common form of arthritis is
Osteoarthritis
Breastfeeding infants until 6 month of age has been shown to reduce the incidence of
Otitis media
An __ permits visualization of the auditory canal and the condition of the tympanic membrane
Otoscope
Prostate cancer involves the ____ ring of the tissue which is palpable on rectal exam
Outer
An ectopic pregnancy occurs when the egg implants ____ the ____
Outside, uterus
The main treatment for _ _ is levodopa (L-dopa
PD
the most common treatment for ----- is anticooagulants
PE
Which disorder has routine screening at birth?
PKU
an enzyme deficiency that can lead to the accumulation of phenylalanine and phenyl pyruvic acid causes mental deficiency
PKU
Signs and symptoms of _ _ _ may include flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety as well as uncontrolled thoughts about the event
PTSD
eventually becomes the chief sign of renal cell carcinoma
Painless hematuria
A person who is very distrustful and suspicious of others may have _ _ personality disorder
Paranoid
A deeply ingrained, inflexible pattern of relating, perceiving, and thinking that is serious enough to case distress or impaired functioning describer
Personality
This refers to low placenta implantation
Placenta Previa
warts grow inward on the soles of the feet, forming hard, thick patches of skin with dark specks
Plantar
Treatment for ___ may include hearing aids if the auditory nerve and cochlea remain functiona
Presbycusis
What prepares the endometrium to receive a fertilized egg?
Progesterone
The predicted source and outcome of the disease is known as the
Prognosis
Which hormone stimulates breast development and milk production?
Prolactin
The _ _ _ secretes a thin, milky fluid that enhances sperm motility
Prostate gland
The etiology of trichomoniasis is the _ _ _trichomonas vaginalis.
Protozoan
Phototherapy is generally used for patients with moderate to severe
Psoriasis
_______is a loss of contact with reality that may include delusions and hallucinations
Psychosis
infest both men and women and are generally spread by sexual contact
Pthirus pubis
Pus in the urine is called _ _ _, which makes the urine sample turbid or cloudy
Pyuria
What are some risk factors for prostate cancer?
Race Age Family history
Prostate cancer treatment options include
Radiation Active surveillance Surgery to remove the prostate
Is the use of x-rays to forma a sill or moving of the inside of the body
Radiography
Mental disorders _
Rarely come on suddenly
Retinoblastoma is a rare, _ _ _ tumor of the retina
Recessively inherited childhood
Uremia is most commonly a manifestation of
Renal failure
This enzyme that is secreted by the kidneys and helps maintain blood pressure
Renin
Carpal tunnel syndrome is one of a larger class of problems known as _
Repetitive motion injuries
A liver biopsy provides a definitive diagnosis for _ _, which shows fatty changes in the microvasculature in the liver tissue
Reye syndrome
Kyphosis is characterized by a
Rounded back
Malignant tumors of the supportive tissue are named with the prefix that designates that cells or tissues of origin followed by the term
Sarcoma
Psoriasis can typically be found:
Scalp Knees Lower back
Louis Wains cats are viewed as an expression of his
Schizophrenia
Dislocations are most common in the ___ joint, but they can occur anywhere
Shoulder and finger joints
In chronic glomerulonephritis, an ultrasound or CT will reveal _ _
Small kidneys
Some of the symptoms of hypertensive kidney disease can be managed by controlling _ _ _ intake.
Sodium
Contraceptive Diaphragm must be used in conjunction with a(n)
Spermicide
If actinic keratosis is not treated 10% to 15% may develop into
Squamous cell carcinoma
is classifying a tumor on its size and the extent of its spread
Staging
The _ _ _ vibrates against an opening in the cochlea, a snail-shaped organ within the inner ear
Stapes
The ___ vibrates against an opening in the cochlea, a snail-shaped organ within the inner ear
Stapes
_ occurs mostly among those with risk factors such as immune deficiency and long term antibiotic abuse.
Stomatitis
Which of the following is NOT a treatment for mental disorders?
Stress
Where is cerebrospinal fluid found?
Subarachnoid space
Do the findings of the "Diabetes and Fat" article support or reject the idea that obesity can predispose someone to develop Diabetes?
Support because they found that PKCε activity in fat tissue was more important than PKCε activity in liver tissue
Lordosis is characterized by a
Sway back
Otitis externa also know as, ____ , is the infection and inflammation of the outer ear canal.
Swimmers ear
are responsible for cell-mediated immunity
T-cells
A slight decrease in _ _ _ ratio is seen with age, resulting in decreased metabolic rate
T3:T4
the mantoux test is a screen for
TB
which statement is not true concerning TB?
TB is easy to treat
Which of the following is NOT used to diagnose epilepsy?
TIA
Erin is worried that she might have Graves' disease. Which of the following are tests that the physician may run to determine if she has the disease?
TSH test Radioactive iodine test and scans
Which genetic is most prevalent in people with Jewish ancestry
Tay Sachs
The _ _ _ lobes are responsible for the senses and the ability to understand spoken language
Temporal
cancer is the most common cancer in men 20-35 years old.
Testicular
Which statement is incorrect concerning thalassemia?
Thalassemia major is never incompatible with life
In the fetal heart, the foramen ovale is a communication between
The atria
which of the following is NOT true about COPD?
The most common symptoms are vomiting, coughing up blood, and respiratory distress
Which intrauterine device (IUD) can be left in place for 10 years?
The one with copper and no hormones
Pregnancy statistics of a birth control patch vs a pill are
The same
Which of the following is not true about the use of chemotherapy to treat Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)?
There are always more serious side effects of when chemotherapy drugs are used to treat RA than when chemotherapy drugs are used to treat cancer.
Which statement is incorrect concerning platelets?
They have a nucleus
During the gram stain process
Thick walled cells turn purple and thin walled cells become pink
The pill effects contraception by
Thickens cervical mucus Suppresses ovulation Thins the endometrium Thickens cervical mucus and suppresses ovulation
The ____ stage of an HIV infection is when an HIV infected patient experiences symptoms but has not yet developed AIDS
Third
pairs of spinal nerves originate in the spinal cord, carrying bundles of sensory and motor neurons throughout the body
Thirty-one
Women are ___ times more likely to experience anorexia nervosa than men
Three
The _ _ _ gland, which is involved in the immune response, is often enlarged in myasthenia gravis patients
Thymus
The __ gland which is involved in the immune response, is often enlarged in myasthenia gravis patients
Thymus
The parathyroid gland is a part of which endocrine gland?
Thyroid Gland
This is when the placenta covers the cervix completely
Total Placenta Previa
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium is located in the
Trachea
Down Syndrome is
Trisomy 21
If multiple members of your family have cataracts, glaucoma, myopia, or other eye conditions you may be at an increased risk to develop those conditions.
True
It is important to understand how a disease occurs on a molecular level because it allows for the development of novel targeted therapies like a potential PKCε inhibitor.
True
The severity of the side effects from taking Ibuprofen while drinking alcohol are influenced by the quantity of alcohol consumed and the dosage of the Ibuprofen taken.
True
There are many potential causes of pressure in the ear that could cause a ruptured eardrum including loud noises, trauma/injury, infection, and barotrauma.
True
Treatment for Bipolar disorder may include Lithium medications, other medications, psychotherapy, and lifestyle modifications.
True
In TB healed lesions, visible on X-ray, are called _
Tubercles
tell cells when not to divide
Tumor suppressor genes
Diagnostic tests and procedures for the ear include:
Tuning fork Otoscope
Genotype XO is called
Turner's syndrome
Turning and reposition of patients at risk for pressure ulcers should be performed every
Two hours
Cerumen keeps the _ _ _ soft and flexible
Tympanic membrane
Alexa is a 6-month-old girl who started experiencing severe respiratory symptoms and muscle weakness immediately after birth. She was diagnosed with Spinal Muscular Atrophy before 1 month old. Which of the following types of SMA does she most likely have?
Type 1
Jeffery (who has psoriasis) wants to know which activities might be triggers for psoriasis so that he can make sure his son avoids them. Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for psoriasis?
UV radiation
During the _ _ _ high frequency sound waves are reflected off internal tissues to produce an image
Ultrasonography
Risk factors for type 2 diabetes include all but
Under age 40
Bipolar disorder is defined as
Unusual shifts in mood, energy, and activity levels
Flaccid paralysis is caused by _____
Upper motor neuron damage
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the enlargement of the inner ring of the glandular tissue that surrounds the
Urethra
Gout occurs when urate crystals accumulate in the joints due to high blood levels of
Uric acid
Abby is a patient who describes symptoms of feeling a frequent need to urinate, smelly and cloudy urine, and pain when urinating and during sexual activity. As a well-educated healthcare provider, you suspect which of the following conditions?
Urinary tract infection
The most common type of nosocomial infections are
Urinary tract infections
The Posterior pituitary gland produces which hormone?
Vasopressin or Antiduretic hormone (ADH)
Which of these is not a pigment disorder
Vertigo
All of the following are likely symptoms of a ruptured eardrum
Vision loss
Intrinsic factor is required for the absorption of
Vitamin B12
Hyperemesis gravidarum can lead to everything EXCEPT:
Weight gain
Lucy frequently gets urinary tract infections (because of some predisposing factors she has) and is tired of going to the doctor for her treatment. She decides that the symptoms really aren't that bad, and this time she will just wait and see if they go away for a few weeks before going to the doctor. Why is this a bad idea?
When a urinary tract infection is not treated, the infection can spread to the ureters and kidneys and develop into urosepsis.
hemophilia A is a ---- trait
X linked recessive
thalassemia
abnormal hemoglobin synthesis
sally has a friend who does not get vaccinations because she is afraid, she will get Autism. She says that she read a 1998 article by andrew W. that showed the "MMR vaccination" article, which of the following is the best response sally could give?
actually that researcher and article were discovered and a number of studies have been done that failed to find an association between the MMR vaccine and autism
fatty liver can occur after:
acute alcohol ingestion
Susan has breast cancer and she has two maternal aunts with breast cancer and a maternal grandmother with ovarian cancer. Which of the following are potential explanations for the cancer in the family?
all the above are potential explanations for the cancer in the family
which statement is true concerning pneumocystis jirovecii
an opportunistic infection
breast biopsy options include all except
angiogram
which statement is correct concerning atelectasis
atelectasis is a collapse of lungs
which is not true of cystic fibrosis
autosomal dominant gene
phenylketonuria is an ---- disorder
autosomal recessive
cause of pneumonia include
bacteria virsues fungi
are the least common of the WBCs and they secrete histamine and heparin
basophils
chronic bronchitis can result from
both: continual cigarette smoking continual air pollution
grows by invasion
breast cancer
according to the article on "immunotherapy in deadly breast cancer" article, which of the following is most likely to be triple negative breast cancer?
breast cancer diagnosed at age 40
mastitis is an infection of the breast tissue that most commonly occurs when
breast feeding
which statement is correct concerning asthma treatment?
bronchodilators inhibit bronchospasm medications to decrease the production of mucus steroids will suppress the inflammatory response
What increase the dilation of the penile arteries and expansion of the corpora cavernosa sinuses?
cGMP
sarcomas are
cancers derived from connective tissue
which statement is incorrect about the aorta?
carries blood to the lungs
diagnosing modality based on obtaining multiple x-rays images taken at different angles and integrating the images into a 3-demensional picture by a computer
catscan
occlusion of a coronary artery may result in
chest pain
according to the power points in this course, what is the most commonly reported STI in the US
chlamydia
what disease refers to the presence of stones in the gallbladder?
cholelithiasis
acrylamide is a group 2A probable carcinogen. it is found in which of the following substances?
cigarette smoke fires and potato chips roasted coffee beans industrial processes
Joey's dad was recommended to get a colonoscopy because of his age and family history of colon cancer. However, Joey's dad says that he doesn't believe in colonoscopies because it seems unpleasant and he doesn't see the point. Based on the article Joey recently read about colorectal cancer, he could tell his dad that
colonoscopies can help to identify colon polyps that should be removed to help prevent the development of colon cancer catching colon cancer prior to development or in early stages can improve the prognosis
An example of a ____ is a person confined to bed with a serious fracture developing pnemonia due to inactivity
complication
Kaposi sarcoma is an AIDS related tumor of the
connective tissue
causes for asthma include all but
dander
thrombocytopenia is a(n) --- platelets
decrease
anemia categories: renal failure can cause
decrease production of the erythropoietin by the kidney
osteoarthritis is considered a
degenerative disease
which of the following is not a symptom of ADHD?
deprssion
which disease is caused by an extra chromosome 21
down syndrome
in pneumonia, the percussion note is----
dull
The main symptom of Laryngitis is _
dysphonia
which of the following is not one of the foods thought to promote heart health as indicated by the provided article?
eggs
all are risk factors for the coronary artery disease except
elevated HDL
the condition where the endometrial implants outside the uterus and respond to hormonal changes of the menstural cycle is called
endometriosis
when a B-lymphocyte encounters an antigen it will engulf, digest, and produce antibodies and
enzymes
all of the following are symptoms/potential clinical features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) except
excessive vomiting
the pancreas is
exocrine organ endocrine organ
A Grandmother is a first degree relative
f
A chronic disease has a sudden onset and short duration
f
A contusion results from a blow to the head or sudden shaking or movement
f
A cystadenocarcinoma is a benign tumor of the ovary.
f
A headache is a sign of disease
f
A thick fluid called the aqueous humor fills the eyeball posterior to the lens and helps maintain the eyeball shape
f
Abruptio placenta is low placenta implantation.
f
Anencephaly is compatible with life.
f
As rheumatoid arthritis of the hands progresses the finger move medially
f
As rheumatoid arthritis of the hands progresses the fingers move medially
f
Autoimmunity has no known cause but it can be easily prevented
f
BRCA 1and 2 increase the risk of breast cancer but not the risk of ovarian cancer
f
Beneficial changes from exertion are affected by the intensity of the activity and the age or weight of each participant
f
Benign tumors grow by invasion
f
Breast cancer cell hormone receptors cannot be treated with medication
f
Breast cancer most commonly occurs in the inner lower quadrant of the breast
f
CD 8 T Cells are capable of destroying only viruses
f
Clubbing is an enlargement of the ends of the nails due to long term blood iron deficiency
f
Cones detect light and dark
f
Conjugated monoclonal antibodies are also referred to as tagged labeled or loaded antibodies. These are monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that are joined to a chemotherapy drug or to a radioactive particle
f
Conjunctivitis will not resolve by itself and require antibiotics
f
Conjunctivitis will not resolve by itself and requires antibiotics
f
DNA repair genes instruct a cell to repair DNA and RNA
f
DUB most commonly occurs in older women
f
Deleting Sprouty (Spry) 1 and Spry 2, will affect the transformation from memory cells into effector cells
f
Deleting sprouty (Spry) 1 and spry 2 decreased the immune response
f
Diffusion is the movement of water from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution
f
Diverticulitis is cause by intolerance to gluten, a protein component of wheat
f
Erythroblastosis Fetalis occurs when the mother is Rh positive and the baby is Rh negative
f
Esophageal varices is caused by either a congenital defect in the diaphragm or by increased intra-abdominal pressure
f
H pylori does well in an acidic environment
f
HPL is measured in pregnancy tests
f
Hepatitis A is a sexualy transmited infection
f
Hyperparathyroidism is more common in men than in women
f
IgA neuropathy is more common in women than in men
f
In Wilm's tumors, cysts may number in the hundreds or thousands
f
In children MRSA is never fatal
f
Incidence of breast cancer is 1 out of 10 women
f
Kapossi sarcoma is an aids related tumor of the lymph node
f
MRSA can be treated at home
f
Menopause is 6 months without a period
f
Multiple myeloma is a cancer of the T lymphocytes
f
Myasthenia gravis is characterized by rapid fatigue of involuntary muscles
f
Myasthenia gravis is characterized by the rapid fatigue of involuntary muscles
f
Natural killer cells recognize and eliminate virus infected cells and bacteria infected cells
f
Non specific immunity must be primed by an initial exposure to an antigen before it can protect the body against disease
f
Oat-based products significantly elevate HDL
f
Osmosis is the movement of dissolved particles from a higher concentration to a lower concentration
f
Osteomalacia is common in the united states and in asian women
f
Osteoporosis is an increase in bone density
f
PSA is a good screen for prostate cancer.
f
Parenchyma is the supporting framework of an organ
f
Parietal pleura covers the lungs
f
Patent ductus is common in the elderly
f
Patient with spina bifida can be intellectually normal.
f
Phosphodiesterase prolongs the action of cGMP
f
Placenta previa premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall
f
Preeclampsia is hypertension, protein in the urine and seizures
f
Prevention for lupus includes drinking plenty of fluids and maintaining a normal blood pressure
f
Prolapse mitral valve is When the mitral valve prolapses into the right atrium.
f
Reverse transcriptase copies DNA into RNA
f
Secondary osteoarthritis occurs with normal aging
f
Sjogren's syndrome can be cured or prevented by takings NSAIDs or over the counter medications for dry eyes and dry mouth
f
Stroma are the functioning cells of glands
f
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention act as a coordinating authority on international public health
f
The adrenal cortex secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
f
The adrenal glands gave an inner part, the adrenal cortex, and an outer portion, the adrenal medulla
f
The applecore is pathognomonic for liver cancer
f
The cardiac condition system originates in the Purkinje fibers
f
The damage to reproductive organs caused by PID can be reversed, if the full course of antibiotics is taken as scheduled
f
The first half of the normal 28 day menstrual cycle has estrogen and progesterone present
f
The labia minora, or outer vaginal lips, enclose and protect other external reproductive organs.
f
The left atrium receives blood from the inferior vena cava
f
The mitral valve is in between the right atrium and right ventricle.
f
The most distinctive sign of hyperparathyroidism is hyperpigmentation of the skin
f
The number of existing cases of a diseases is known as the incidence
f
The pleural space has a slightly elevated pressure as compared to atmospheric pressure.
f
The prostate gland is located behind the rectum
f
The signs and symptoms of the flu come on gradually, but last for a long period of time
f
The spina bifida meninges fails to fuse correctly
f
The testes reside outside of the body because sperm production requires a temperature higher than the rest of the body
f
True Diffusion is the movement of water from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution
f
Unlike white blood cells, red blood cells have a nucleus
f
Uterine fibroids are cancerous.
f
Vibrations are transmitted through the auditory ossicles - the malleus, incus and stapes in the outer ear
f
Viruses do not cause cancer
f
Von Willebrand's disease is sex linked
f
ADHD stands for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and is diagnosed in about 75% of children between 2-17 years old in the USA
false
About 8-10% of African Americans have Sickle Cell Disease. (Chapter 7-9)
false
Claudication, a clot within a blood vessel, forms because of ulceration and turbulent blood flow
false
Crohn's disease is much more common in women than men and typically affects people between 15 and 35 years old
false
MRI is different than other imaging technologies such as X-rays because it uses ionizing radiation that is harmful to the body
false
MRSA is primarily only a problem in hospitals and healthcare centers and has not been reported to have spread in the community
false
Older birth control pills were not associated with a reduced ovarian cancer risk, but the new pills are associated with a reduced ovarian cancer risk.
false
of the two major forms of scleroderma, the more commo is systemic sclerosis scleroderma
false
short bouts of activity only have positive health effects for people who are young and fit
false
studies have consistently shown that the potential benefits to your heart from drinking large quantities of red wine outweigh the risks associated with consuming large quantities of alcohol
false
the MMR vaccine has not been shown to cause autism, but the study described in the MMR article suggested that other vaccines have been shown to cause autism
false
the buildup of fats, calcium and other materials into the plaques which causes atherosclerosis can only occur within the arteries inside the heart
false
the findings of the article about "deleting two molecules from immune cells" may help in the fight against cancer but are unlikely to help with any other common disease
false
the prognosis for microcytic anemia is the same no matter what the cause is
false
tumors that are classified as cancer are called benign
false
Roger knows his uncle was diagnosed with Lynch syndrome, but his dad is 70 years old and hasn't gotten cancer, so he knows he himself isn't at risk for colon cancer and doesn't need to do his colonoscopies. Which of the following best explains whether this statement is true or false
false because not everyone with lynch syndrome develops cancer. Even if he doesn't have lynch syndrome, he needs to do his colonoscopies because most colon cancer isn't caused by lynch syndrome
which of the following is a risk factor for cancer
family medical history alcohol obesity radiation
sjogren's syndrome can be cured or prevented by taking NSAIDS or over the counter medications for dry eyes and dry mouth
fasle
which may be considered a sign of disease?
fast heart rate
alcoholic liver disease includes:
fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis cirrhosis
which of the following is a sign or symptom of cancer?
fever fatigue leukoplakia indigestion
thrombin converts --- to ---
fibrinogen to fibrin
a benign tumor formed in fibrous tissue is known as
fibroma
Are inanimate (non-living) objects that spread infection
formites
flow rate through the coronary artery varies with the --- power of the luminal dimatere
fourth
CD8 T cells can kill all but
fugi
which vaccine is considered cancer preventing?
gardasil
the expression of the genes is referred to as
genotype
intracellular gram negative cocci are characteristic of
gonorrhea
the most important risk factor of cancer is
growing older
Diabetics may have
have retinal vascular changes loss of visual acuity decreased night vision
What is the leading cause of death in the US?
heart disease
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects and kills
helper t cells
Symptoms of BPH include all but
hematuria (blood in urine)
individual liver cells are also known as
hepatocytes
a pair of identical alleles is termed
homozygous
focuses on blocking estrogen and progesterone receptors
hormone therapy
what is the most common cause for cervical dysplasia?
human papilloma virus
a disease of unknown origin or cause?
idopathic
A type I allergic reaction is triggered by ____ the immunoglobulin that responds to the presence of allergens
igE
which of the following was NOT one of the article on atherosclerosis and inflammation?
in this study, they proved that individuals who they provided with anti-inflammatory drugs developed less atherosclerosis
which is the number of cases of a disease in a population
indidence
the right atrium receives blood from the
inferior vene cava superior vena cava cornary sinus
Fibroid complications include all except
infertility or pregnancy loss
Uveitis is:
inflammation of the uvea
refers to a visual examination of the external surface of the body, its movements, and posture for abnormalities or evidence of disease
inspection
which of the following statements regarding lupus is false
it effects primarily men
which statement is not true concerning the mitral valve
it has three cusps
Hep A symptoms include
jaundice
Erythropoietin is produced by the
kidneys
which is not a way HIV can spread?
kissing
this applecore sign indicates cancer of the
left colon
Jaundice is frequently associated with _ disease
liver
bile is produced by the --- and stored in the ---
liver, gallbladder
Petechiae are due to.
low platelets
removing the breast cancer tumor and a small margin of surrounding healthy tissue is known as
lumpectomy
for women in the US breast cancer death rates are higher than those of any other cancer besides?
lung cancer
hemoglobin carries oxygen from the --- to the ----
lungs, tissue
which leukocyte is responsible for specific immunity against antigens?
lymphocytes
how do conjugated monoclonal antibodies assist in fighting cancer?
mAbs carries chemotherapy drugs or radioactive particles directly to the cancer cells
infeferons increase the activity of
macrophages and natural killer cells
A woman who is 39 years old and pregnant does an amniocentesis because she had a screening test that showed the pregnancy was at risk for a chromosome abnormality. The amniocentesis results are below. What would you expect the sex, genotype and phenotype of this pregnancy to be?
male with a genotype of trisomy 21 phenotype of down sydrome
which statement is false regarding breast cancer?
mammographs are only useful after a lump is palpable
in the article "immunotherapy in deadly breast cancer", they used a combination of treatments methods. The chemotherapy helped to ----- while the immunotherapy helped to -----.
mark the cancer cells to be destroyed: boost the immune system to attack the cancer cells
removal of the brest and breast tissue is known as a
masteconomy
which statement is true concerning FNA?
may be useful in lump evaluation
risk factors for congenital heart disease include all
medications taken during pregnancy infectious during pregnancy such as German measles chromosomal abnormalities such as down syndrome
Produces haploid cells (having 1 chromosome of each pair)
meiosis
CTE may be associated with
memory loss impaired judgement aggression depression
diseases are caused by a disruption of the normal processes of converting food to energy on a cellular level
metabolic
daughter cells are identical to initial parent cell
mitosis
which of the following is true of individuals with sickle cell trait?
most individuals are healthy, but can develop symptoms under extreme circumstances
If the tumor epithelium resembles that line the endocervix it is called
mucinous
the thickest layer of the heart that contracts to pump blood out of the heart
myocardium
which of the following cell types is most directly affected by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
nerve cells
Basic unit of the nervous system
neuron
what is the primary cell in the inflammatory response?
neutrophil
the inflammatory response is considered
non-specific immunity (innate)
which of the following inserts newly-coded viral DNA into the host cell DNA in an AIDS infection?
none of the above
which statement is incorrect concerning hemophilia
occurs almost exclusively in women
which is not a phase of mitosis
oncophase
enlarged cystic ovaries, irregular period, elevated androgen levels are symptoms of
polycystic ovarian syndrome
Which STD results in the growth of chancre?
primary syphillis
what is not true of cellular immunity
produces antibodies
in dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB), it results from a lack of ----- and only the presence of ----
progesterone, estrogen
may mutate and cause the cell to grow out of control and lead to cancer
proto-oncogenes
what kind of therapy is used to treat cancer in a localized area of the body?
radiation therapy
The studies referenced in the "prolonged sitting" article showed that short bouts of activity had which of the following effects
reduced glucose, insulin and triglyceride (fat) levels
which statement is correct concerning surfactant
reduces surface tension produced by alveolar cells present in infant lungs
how does HIV CAUSE opportunistic infections?
reduction of helper t-cells
Some diseases enter a period of ____ during which signs and symptoms subside or disapear
remission
After the Gram stain procedure, what color will gram positive bacteria be
rosy pink
which virus does not cause cancer
sars
cancer is the ---- most comon cause of death in the US
second
If the tumor epithelium resembles the cells lining the fallopian tube it is called
serous
all of the following are true of colorectal cancer except
serrated colon polyp based colorectal cancer develops slowly, so early detection in not important
sickle cell anemia is associated with
shortened red blood cell lifespan may cause damage to heart, liver and spleen requires both genes are for hemoglobin s
the hallmark symptoms of ---- are dry eyes and mouth
sjogren's syndrome
fibroadenoma are --- and --- breast tumors that occur most often in females under the age of 30
solid, noncanerous
all are related to coronary heart disease except
spider veins
mary is describing to you a test that she recently did at a doctor's visit. she describes it as "the doctor had me breathe into a tube that was connected to a machine". based on the article on COPD, you can tell her that this was most likely what type of test?
spirometry
which of the following is a cancer risk factor?
sunlight hep c tabacco
A chronic and debilitating autoimmune disease, rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic inflammatory disease
t
A colposcopy is used to visualize the cervix
t
A digital rectal exam for men after age 50 is recommended as a screen for prostate cancer
t
A disease can be recognized through its characteristic signs and symptoms
t
A herniated disk in protrusion of the nucleus pulposus through the annular ring
t
A herniated disk protrusion of the nucleus pulposus through the annular ring
t
A relapse describes the return of disease weeks or months after its apparent cure
t
A remission may last days, months, or years, after which the disease can recur
t
A significant disturbance in the homeostasis of the body leads to disease
t
A whiplash is a sprain in which the cervical ligaments and tissues are injured
t
ABO incompatibility can occur in the first pregnancy.
t
ADHD is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and hyperactivity
t
Achondroplasia results in achondroplastic dwarfism.
t
Acute kidney disease has three main causes: shock, tubular necrosis, and obstructed urine flow
t
Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is caused by an antigen-antibody reaction
t
Age is the main risk factor for otitis media
t
Alcohol and drug abuse may cause mental health disorders and exacerbate preexisting mental health disorder
t
An Adenocarcinoma is a malignant tumor of a gland
t
An ulcer is an area of the skin in which the surface has eroded
t
An ulcer is an area of the skin in which the surface has eroded.
t
Angina pectoris is treated with nitroglycerin
t
Animal and human vaccinations has made rabies in the United States.
t
Apocrine sweat glands begin to function at puberty
t
Bacteria are microscopic single celled organisms
t
Because of reduced antibody production, vaccines are less likely to produce immunity in older people
t
Both specific and nonspecific immunity are involved in the elimination of abnormal cells
t
CTS usually begins as numbness or tingling in the hands but can progress to pain that radiates up to the shoulder
t
Congenital defects usually occur during the first two months of pregnancy
t
Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide
t
Corrective surgery within the first two to three weeks of life is essential for transposition of the great arteries condition
t
Cystic fibrosis affects the glands that secrete mucus, leading to recurrent, severe respiratory infections and gastrointestinal disorders
t
Ectopic pregnancies can be life threatening
t
Endocarditis does not affect a healthy heart
t
Endocrine tissue can be found in the heart
t
Endometrial cancer is much more common than any other cancer of the uterus
t
Endometriosis can cause infertility.
t
Endometriosis is a benign condition
t
Eosin Myalgia syndrome has been related to ingestion of the dietary supplement L- tryptophan
t
Epiphyseal plates are where the growth in length of the long bones occurs
t
Erysipelas and cellulitis infections usually appear on the trunk or back
t
Fibroadenomas can be malignant
t
Food and beverages can transmit infectious disease, such as through the fecal-oral route
t
Fungal infections are caused by microscopic yeast and mold that live on the skin, hair, or nails
t
Fungal infections are caused by microscopic yeast and mold that live on the skin, hair, or nails.
t
Genes may influence the development of some mental disorders
t
Health care workers who have antibodies to HBV either from pre exposure vaccination or prior infection are not at risk for contracting Hepatitis B
t
Hydronephrosis is diagnosed with physical exam and a CT or ultrasound
t
In acute kidney injury, at first low blood pressure occurs, then hypertension
t
In bronchitis, excessive secretion of mucous blocks airflow.
t
In children MRSA usually starts as a skin infection that can appear anywhere on a child's body
t
In relative polycythemia, the increase in red blood cell mass is due to a loss of plasma volume
t
Long periods with little exertion reduce insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, while increasing levels of triglycerides
t
Male cirrhotics develop gynecomastia
t
Mastitis is caused bacteria from the nursing infant's mouth.
t
Medullary sponge kidney disease is present at birth, but is usually asymptomatic until adulthood
t
Men can have normal PSA level and have prostate cancer
t
Men whose blood cells lack Y chromosomes are more susceptible to Alzheimer's disease
t
Most spontaneous abortions result from a genetic abnormality of the fetus
t
Never being pregnant can increase the risk of breast cancer
t
Never having given birth is one of the risk factors for dysmenorrhea
t
One of the risk factors for ovarian cancer is never having given birth.
t
One of the symptoms of nephrotic syndrome include low blood pressure
t
One transplanted kidney can replace the function of two nonfunctional kidneys
t
PCOS is a risk factor for cancer of the endometrium
t
Particular viruses and bacteria can serve as carcinogens
t
Pleural fluid reduces surface tension, which helps keep the lungs flexible
t
Portal hypertension can be caused severe cirrhosis
t
Prolactin secretion is controlled by PIF (prolactin inhibiting factor)
t
Protozoa are single celled eukaryotic microorganisms
t
RDS is due to decreased surfactant
t
Reye's syndrome occur in young children after administration of aspirin
t
Shingles can be prevented in children with the chickenpox vaccine
t
Signs and symptoms of malnutrition include lack of energy and inability to maintain weight
t
Some antiviral drugs act as nucleic analogues, substances that mimic DNA or RNA bases
t
Thalassemias are the most common genetic disorder in the world
t
The are two types of DI: central DI and Nephrogenic DI
t
The average incidents of the common cold is five to seven colds per year in preschool children
t
The average risk of HIV infection after needlestick exposure or cut exposure of HIV infected blood is 0.3%
t
The etiology of sjogren's syndrome is idiopathic
t
The greatest danger with myasthenia gravis is respiratory failure
t
The inflammatory response can be triggered by infection, trauma, intense heat, and chemicals
t
The liver is one of several organs in the body that receives 2 separate blood supplies
t
The main symptom of pleuritis is a sharp chest pain
t
The most common cause of arteriosclerosis is arthrosclerosis
t
The prognosis for pancreatitis is very poor if related to alcoholism
t
The signs and symptoms of bipolar disorder vary from person to person
t
The signs and symptoms of hypertensive kidney disease include the typica; features of systemic hypertension
t
The study of disease includes study of its causes, mechanisms, signs and symptoms, treatments, and prevention
t
The vitamin isotretinoin, used to treat acne, is associated with severe birth defects if pregnancy occurs during the course of treatment.
t
There is no research proving that coffee is a carcinogen
t
Tonometry measures eyeball pressure used to detect glaucoma
t
Treatment for breast cysts may include oral contraceptives
t
Under a microscope the cells of a malignant tumor do not resemble cells of their origin
t
Unopposed estrogen refers to the absence of progesterone opposition
t
Wilm's tumors have a genetic basis.
t
With urticaria, wheals usually appear first on the covered area of the skin
t
Women who smoke are twice as likely as nonsmokers to get cervical cancer.
t
Wth urticaria, wheals usually appear first on the covered area of the skin
t
cGMP causes vasodilation of the penile arteries
t
which treatment(s) attack specific abnormalities within cancer cells
targeted drug treatments
which of the following makes MRSA more complicated to treat than some other bacterial infections?
the bacteria that cause MRSA are often resistant to common antibiotics
which statement is incorrect concerning the pleural cavity
the pleural space has a slightly increased pressure relative to atmospheric air
all of the following are true about microcytic anemia except
the red blood cells have a larger volume than normal
in the TNM classification system of malignant tumors, M describes
the size of the primary tumor and whether it has invaded nearby tissue
all of the following are conclusions in the article "immunotherapy in deadly breast cancer" except
the treatment was able to cure the cancer of 90% of trial participants
which of the following is TRUE for in situ carcinoma
they are a group of abnormal cells that are only found where they first found
which is not a type of shock?
they are all types of shock: cardiogenic hypovolemic anaphylactic septic
which statement is incorrect considering bronchiectasis?`
this condition is reversible
platelets are essential for coagulation of blood and are also called:
thrombocytes
what is the purpose of an MRI with contrast (via injection) versus a traditional MRI (without contrast)
to allow for easier visualization of a specific tissue that the doctor wants to focus on during the scan
reverse transcript
translate the viral RNA into DNA
Achondroplasia results in achondroplasia dwarfism
true
Atherosclerosis has been associated with inflammation, but the exact connection between inflammation and atherosclerosis had not yet been completely described
true
Huntington's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder
true
Loss of expression of two genes leads to abnormal production of PD-L1 which is bad because abnormal PD-L1 levels have been shown to help the cancer evade the immune system response.
true
Pleural fluid reduces surface tension, which helps keep the lungs flexible.
true
The studies referenced in the "prolonged sitting" article found that short bouts of activity were beneficial no matter how intense the activities were.
true
a doctor may recommend treatment for microcytic anemia even if someone shows no or few symptoms
true
a down syndrome child is always mentally impaired to some degree
true
because the immune system should recognize and destroy mutated cells, cancer may indicate a failure of the immune system
true
corrective surgery within the first two to three weeks of life is essential for transposition of the great arteries condition
true
heart disease is the number on cause of death in the united states
true
invasive MRSA is MRSA that has spread to other areas of the body beyond the initial infection site and it is more common in infants younger than 90 days
true
more than half of people with lung cancer die within one year of being diagnosed
true
people with asthma that develop pneumonia may show symptoms of chest pain when coughing, a fever, and/or mucus in their cough
true
risk factors for cancer including smoking, obesity, alcohol intake, sun exposure, workplace exposures, and inherited risks
true
since crohn's disease occurs when the body's immune system attacks the gut and creates inflammation, treatments include aminosalicylates and corticosteroids to reduce inflammation as well as immune modifiers and biologic therapies to reduce immune response
true
some of the symptoms of tetralogy of fallot is difficulty eating, failure to gain weight, poor development
true
the danger of an aneurysm is the tendency to increase in size and rupture
true
the study described in the ALS article classifies as an "immunotherapy" because treatment improves the ability of the patient's own immune system (T cells) to fight the ALS disease
true
genetype XO
turner's sydrome
anaphylaxis induced by a peanut allergy would be an example of hypersensitivity reaction
type 1
what type of hypersensitivity is common in incompatible blood transfusions?
type 2
diagnostic modality that uses high frequency sound waves
ultrasound
fibrocystic breast tissue (FTC) is most commonly located in the ---,---- quadrant of the breast
upper, outer
which of the following are symptoms of neisseria gonorrhea infection?
urethritis in men reduced fertility PID
----- are also called myomas or leiomyomas and are benign growths of the uterus
uterine fibroids
the best prevention for hep B is
vaccination
the componets of the conduction system of the heart include all but
vagal fibers
reye's syndrome can be caused by
viral illness treated with aspirin
Myasthenia gravis is characterized by rapid fatigue of
voluntary muscles
the signs and symptoms of rheumatic fever begin approximately 2---- following the infection
weeks
Genital HSV-2 infection is more common in
women
roger has been struggling for years with a terrible respiratory condition that lead to a lot of lung damage. you have recently read that article on "asthma and pneumonia". based on the article, what would you tell him about his pneumonia risk?
you may be at a higher risk to develop pneumonia because your previous lung damage could predispose you to develop pneumonia
One of the risk factors for tonsillitis is _
young age