Final Exam A&P Lab
Which statement best describes arteries?
All carry blood away from the heart
Which of the following maintains the patency (openness) of the trachea?
C-shaped cartilage rings
What are the cell-to-cell contacts of the cardiac muscle fibers called?
Intercalated discs
Which statement about CO2 is incorrect?
More CO2 dissolves in the blood plasma than is carried in the RBCs.
Which of the cardiovascular system's circuits has deoxygenated blood in its arteries
Pulmonary Circuit
Because the lungs are filled with fluid during fetal life, which of the following statements is true regarding respiratory exchange?
Respiratory exchanges are made through the placenta
Which heart chambers contain deoxygenated blood?
Right atrium and right ventricle
Which circuit of the cardiovascular system includes the left ventricle and aorta?
Systemic circuit
Select the correct statement about the heart valves.
The atrioventricular valves present backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction
The main site of gas exchange in the __________.
alveoli
The diameter of a typical capillary is similar to that of
an erythrocyte
How is the bulk of carbon dioxide carried in blood?
as the bicarbonate ion in the plasma after first entering the red blood cells
The nose serves all the following functions except __________.
as the direct initiator of the cough reflex
Which of the following is not part of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart?
atrioventricular valve (AV)
Which of the following is the most significant source of blood flow resistance?
blood vessel diameter
B lymphocytes develop immunocompetence in the ________.
bone marrow
Which of the following receives blood during ventricular systole?
both the aorta and pulmonary trunk
The first branch off the aortic arch is called the
brachiocephalic
The correct proximal to distal sequence of the three vessels branching from the aortic arch is
brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian
Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of _____.
capillaries
The baroreceptors in the carotid sinus and aortic arch are sensitive to which of the following?
changes in arterial pressure
The process whereby neutrophils and other white blood cells are attracted to an inflammatory site is called _________.
chemotaxis
The thymus is most active during ___________.
childhood
Most inspired particles such as dust fail to reach the lungs because of the ________.
ciliated mucous lining in the nose
Normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following events?
closure of the heart valves
The erythrocyte count increases after a while when an individual goes from a low to a high altitude because the ________.
concentration of oxygen and/or total atmospheric pressure is lower at high altitudes
Blood is a type of _______ tissue.
connective
The source of blood carried to the capillaries in the myocardium would be the
coronary arteries
if cardiac muscle is deprived of its normal blood supply, damage would primarily result from
decreased delivery of oxygen
The arteries of the pulmonary circuit carry
deoxygenated blood from the heart
The veins of the systemic circuit carry
deoxygenated blood to the heart
Oxygen and carbon dioxides are exchanged in the lungs and through all cell membranes by ________.
diffusion
Lymph leaves a lymph node via _________.
efferent lymphatic vessels
Which of the following is not a part of the lymphatic system
erythrocytes
Tidal volume is air _______.
exchanged during normal breathing
The lung volume that can be exhaled from the lungs after the tidal volume has been exhaled is the ______.
expiratory reserve volume
Like blood, lymph flows both to and from the heart
false
Helper T cells _________.
function in the adaptive immune system activation
Complete the following statement using the choices below. Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lung is ________.
greater than the pressure in the atmosphere
The primary immune response _________.
has a lag period while B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells
Which of the following cells is the most critical cell in immunity
helper t cell
Peyer's patches are found in the _________.
ileum of the small intestine
The lumbar veins drain the inferior posterior abdominal wall and direct oxygen-poor blood into the
inferior vena cava
The amount of air that can be inspired above the tidal volume is called ___________.
inspiratory reserve
The lung volume that can be forcefully inhaled into the lungs above the tidal volume is the ________.
inspiratory reserve volume
Surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by ______.
interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thereby reducing the surface tension of alveolar fluid
Which of the following is a characteristics associated with a typical artery that would NOT be seen in a vein?
internal and external elastic membrane
The posterior interventricular sulcus _______.
is a groove between the ventricles on the back of the heart
Digestive tract-associated lymphatic tissue includes all of the following except _________.
islets of Langerhans
Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the ________.
left atrium
The tonsils located at the base of the tongue are the ________.
lingual tonsils
Where in the body would you find low oxygen levels causing vasoconstriction and high levels causing vasodilation?
lungs
When viewing a dissected heart, it is easy to visually discern the right and left ventricles by ______.
noticing the thickness of the ventricle walls
Which of the following would not be classified as a lymphatic structure?
pancreas
Innate immune system defenses include ________.
phagocytes
The main arteries of the sole of the foot- the medial and lateral plantar arteries- arise behind the ankle from which artery?
posterior tibial
Which of the following is not a function of lymph nodes?
produce lymph fluid and cerebrospinal fluid
The blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs comprise the
pulmonary circuit
Which vessels of the heart receives blood from the right ventricle?
pulmonary trunk
Which of the following transports oxygen-rich blood?
pulmonary vein
The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to
pump blood with greater pressure
Residual volume is air __________.
remaining in the lungs after forced expiration
To auscultate the aortic semilunar valve, you would place your stethoscope in the ______.
second intercostal space to the right of the sternum
The walls of the alveoli are composed of two types of cells, type 1 and type 2. The function of type 2 is to _________.
secrete surfactant
Which of the following factors does not influence heart rate?
skin color
Which of the following is least involved in pulmonary circulation?
superior vena cava
The factors responsible for holding the lungs to the thorax wall are _______.
surface tension from pleural fluid and negative pressure in the pleural cavity
The circuit that travels through the left side of the heart is the _______ circuit
systemic
The pulse pressure is _______.
systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure
Select the correct statement about the pharynx.
the auditory tube drains into the nasopharynx
The abdominal aorta divides at its distal end into which arteries?
the common iliac arteries
If the vagal nerves to the heart were cut, the result would be that _____.
the heart rate would increase by about 25 beats per minute
The pulse rate depends on all of the following except one. Select the one answer that does not affect a pulse rate reading.
the vessel selected to palpate
The lung volume that represents the volume of air exchanged in a normal relaxed breath is the _______.
tidal volume
Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system.
transporting respiratory gases
In the adult, the hepatic portal system carries nutrients absorbed from the digestive tract to the liver. In the fetus, nutrients are absorbed at the placenta, and the vessel that carries these nutrients to the liver is the
umbilical cord
Factors that aid venous return include all except?
urinary input
What prevents the backflow of blood in veins
valves
Weak venous valves can result in
varicose veins
Increasing the diameter of a blood vessel by relaxing a muscle is called
vasodilation
The majority of the body's blood volume at one time is found within the
veins
When does the period of atrial repolarization occur?
ventricular depolarization
The vessels that collect blood from capillary beds are called
venules
The lung volume that represents the total volume of exchangeable air is the ________.
vital capacity
The most effective way to aid venous return in lower limbs following any surgery is to
walk to contract leg skeletal muscles
The atrioventricular valves are closed _______.
when the ventricles are in systole