Final Exam for Light and Sound
Distance and displacement are different quantities. Suppose that the distance from the Snow building to Idaho Falls is 29 miles. I travel from the Snow building travel to Idaho Falls and then I return to the Snow building. What is my displacement? 29 miles 58 miles 200 miles 0 miles
0 miles
Which is true concerning operational definitions and/or an operational definition for a freshmen (mark 3 of the following 4 possible answers) Includes steps needed to observe or measure a property. Should be clear enough that people get the same answer. Includes what it feels like to be a freshmen. Should have less than 32 credits.
Includes steps needed to observe or measure a property. Should be clear enough that people get the same answer. Should have less than 32 credits.
This course covers three main areas in science. Which of the following is not one of the sciences that we study in this course? A) Physics B) Biology C) Psychology D) Geology
Geology
If your direction of travel is changing, but your speed is staying the same, what is happening to your acceleration? it is changing it is staying the same
it is changing
Which best describes what a spectrum analyzer does? It is an electroacoustic transducer. Creates ultrasonic frequencies of sounds. Breaks a sound down into all of its individual parts or frequencies. Amplifies the amplitude of each frequency so they become more audible. It uses electrostatics to generate waves as sound waves strike a microphone.
Breaks a sound down into all of its individual parts or frequencies.
Which one of the following derived quantities involve changes in speed over time? A) velocity B) density C) acceleration D) displacement
C) acceleration
Correctly match Newton's laws. (use each answer only once) __1. Newton's 2nd Law __2. Newton's 1st Law __3. Newton's 3rd Law a. An object in motion tends to stay in motion and an object at rest tends to stay at rest b. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction c. F=ma
c a b
Simple harmonic motion is characterized by a velocity that... is always decreasing is always increasing constantly changes is constant
constantly changes
A young person is burning ants. Which type of lens would work the best to do this? flat concave convex
convex
A rarefaction is an area of __________ density and pressure in a medium such as air seen in ________ waves. decreased, light increased, sound decreased, sound increased, light
decreased, sound
What do we call the bending of waves when they pass through a small opening or around corners? dispersion diffraction reflection refraction diffusion
diffraction
A carpet is a ________ reflector for the kind of light we can see. specular achromatic periodic diffuse
diffuse
Which of the following is mismatched? diffusion: polarizing light by changing its frequency reflection: bouncing of a wave off a boundary dispersion: separation of light by refraction refraction: bending of a wave when it changes mediums diffraction: bending of light when it goes around corners
diffusion: polarizing light by changing its frequency
Enrico Fermi witnessed the testing of the first atomic bomb and dropped some papers to estimate the strength of the blast. He was accurate to 90%. We call this technique ________ or careful guessing. order of products educated estimates geography algebra basic physics
educated estimates
Often we don't perceive things that our eyes see. An example was the video shown in class. There was a team dressed in black and one in white and a dancing _______ that most people missed because they weren't looking for it. unicorn gorilla horse lepricon
gorilla
A spectrum for the sound coming from an instrument that is pleasing to the ear (for most people) would contain mostly _________ partials. non-harmonic harmonic
harmonic
(As discussed in class.) Due to atmospheric refraction of light coming from the sun, when the sun is close to the horizon, it appears to be ______ in the sky than it actually is. lower higher
higher
In the ray approximation light travels... back and forth around corners in straight lines in circles
in straight lines
Increased tension on a rope will do what to the velocity of a wave on the rope? have no effect decrease it increase it
increase it
Is sound a transverse or longitudinal wave? longitudinal transverse
longitudinal
Which of the following is a basic quantity in physics? velocity speed accceleration mass force
mass
Because of light refraction, when you view a fish in water, the fish appears to be ______ the surface than it actually is. further from nearer to
nearer to
While you're at rest, a sound source moves toward you. Do you measure an increase or a decrease in the speed of its sound wave? increase neither decrease
neither
"The time it takes to go through 1 oscillation." The previous is a good definition for which of the following? phase frequency simple harmonic motion wavelength period
period
The small little "localized" waves of light are called... photons phonons wavelets wavicles (refreshing, frozen treat for a hot summer day)
photons
Rank the following in the correct order: (1-4) 1. stimulus on receptors 2. attended stimulus 3. processing 4. recognition
1. attended stimulus 2. stimulus on receptors 3. processing 4. recognition
Match the lenses with their correct action on light rays. 1. convex 2. concave 3. flat a. no change b. convergence c. divergence
1. convex-----convergence 2. concave----divergence 3. flat-----------no change
As discussed in class, match the following. 1. effort 2. accomplishment a. work b. force
1. effort----force 2. accomplishment---work
Match the following with its correct definition. 1. environmental stimulus 2. attended stimulus 3. transduction 4. recognition a. things we can potentially perceive b. ability to place an object in a category c. transformation from one energy form to another d. things to which we pay attention
1. environmental stimulus- (a) things we can potentially perceive. 2. attended stimulus- (d) things to which we pay attention. 3. transduction- (c) transformation from one energy form to another. 4. recognition- (b) ability to place an object in a category.
Several events occur that enable you to look into a mirror and see your own eyes. Rank the following in order of occurrence (1-4) 1. light reflects specularly off the mirror 2. light travels from a light source and hits the eye 3. light is refracted by the eye 4. light reflects diffusely off the eye
1. light travels from a light source and hits the eye 2. light reflects diffusely off the eye 3. light reflects specularly off the mirror 4. light is refracted by the eye
What are the units for the following? Match them up correctly. 1. power 2. intensity 3. work 4. force 5. SIL 6. frequency a. hertz b. newtons c. J/s d. watts/m^2 e. joules f. decibels
1. power-----J/s 2. intensity--watts/m^2 3. work-----joules 4. force---newtons 5. SIL----decibels 6. frequency--hertz
I get in my car in the morning. It is not moving. I start the engine and step on the gas. In 10 seconds my speed is 14 m/s. What was my average acceleration? 140 m/s2 4 m/s2 1.4 m/s2 24 m/s2
1.4 m/s2
Suppose I do 5000 J of work in 1 hour. How much power does this represent? 1.4 watts 100 W 57 watts 23 W
1.4 watts
I have a sound wave with a Period of 2 s. The wavelength is 3 m. What is the speed of the sound wave? 6 m/s 1.5 m/s 5 m/s 1 m/s
1.5 m/s
I push on a ball with a force of 10N. My hand has an area of 0.01m^2. What is the pressure I am exerting on the ball? 10 N/m^2 1000 N/m^2 1 N/m^2 100 N/m^2
1000 N/m^2
You are sitting in devotional. The speaker is talking into the microphone and the sound system radiates sound with a power of 200 W. You are 20 m from the sound system output. What is the sound level? 51 121 113 106 98 77
106
If 1 violinist produces 100 dB on the sound intensity level. Approximately how many decibels would 4 violinists playing the same volume produce? 100 dB 103 dB 101 dB 106 dB 104 dB 105 dB 102 dB
106 dB
You are standing outside the stadium for a Neil Diamond concert. You have a sound level meter and find that where you are standing the sound level is 100 dB. You figure you are about 30 meters from the stadium. How much acoustic power is Neil creating at his output location. (Io = 10^-12) 100 W 117 W 113 W 97 W 109 W 92 W 105 W
113 W
You are standing near a loud speaker that has an output intensity of 1 W/m^2 where you are standing. What is the sound intensity level of this loud speaker at your location? (I0 = 1 X 10^(-12 w/m^2) 75 dB 120 dB 10 dB 109 dB
120 dB
Two people apply forces on a box in the horizontal plane in the same direction. One applies a force of 10 N and the other applies a force of 5 N. The box weighs 10 Kg. What is the net force on the box? 15 N 25 N 50 N 100 N 10 N 5 N
15 N
I have a loud speaker that gives 200 J of sound energy in 10s. How much power is this? 20 W 100 W 10 W 1 W
20 W
I have a closed ended pipe that is 0.5 m long. The fundamental frequency of my closed ended pipe is 50 Hz. What is the 3rd harmonic or 3rd mode of the pipe? 25 Hz 150 Hz 250 Hz 100 Hz
250 Hz
I have an organ pipe that is 0.343 m long (about a foot). The speed of sound in air in the concert hall where the organ is housed is 343 m/s What is the fundamental frequency of this organ pipe if it is closed on one end? 250 Hz 100 Hz 500 Hz 50 Hz
250 Hz
I have a wave with a wavelength of 3m and a frequency of 10 Hz. How fast is it going? 50 m/s 30 m/s 100 m/s 3.33 m/s 7 m/s
30 m/s
I have a sound wave with a frequency of 400 Hz. The wavelength is ¾ m. What is the speed of the sound wave? 3000 m/s 30 m/s 300 m/s 0
300 m/s
I pluck one string of my bass fiddle, I find that it vibrates with a fundamental frequency of 220 Hz What is the frequency of the second harmonic? 880 Hz 440 Hz 550 Hz 220 Hz
440 Hz
You are the first violinist in an orchestra. You play an A to let all the other players tune their instruments. The second violinist next to you plays an A and while she plays, you hear the combined sound of your instruments get soft and loud. The change from soft to loud happens about 10 times in a second. If your A note is 440 Hz which of the following frequencies might your second chair violinist be playing? 900 Hz 345 Hz 500 Hz 450 Hz 100 Hz
450 Hz
I traveled to Idaho Falls, a distance of 30 miles and it took me 30 minutes. What was my average speed? 60 miles/hour 30 miles/hour 15 miles/hour 10 miles/hour
60 miles/hour
If a person has a mass of 70 Kg and I accelerate that person @ 10m/s2. How much force would that take? 60 N 80 N 7 N 700 N
700 N
Suppose I have two trumpet players both playing the same note at the same time. I stand a meter away and find that they are both playing with an intensity of 0.00001 W/m^2. What is the sound level? (Io=10^-12) 82 85 76 79 73 70
73
Which of the following would be the best definition or example of refraction? A light ray passing from one medium to another causing it to speed up or slow down resulting in "bending" of the light ray. Cooking a hotdog with a parabolic oven. Scattering of light through a narrow slit to make a light and dark pattern. Demonstrating the path a light ray would take when bouncing off a specular reflector.
A light ray passing from one medium to another causing it to speed up or slow down resulting in "bending" of the light ray.
In physics, what is light? It is the same as heat. An optical illusion. A wave in the electric and magnetic fields.
A wave in the electric and magnetic fields
Which of the following is a derived quantity in physics? A) velocity B) mass C) charge D) length E) time
A) velocity
Dr. P, a patient of Oliver Sacks, had difficulty _________. A. seeing B. recognizing faces C. recognizing voices D. with his visual association area E. with his visual cortex B and C B and D B and E
B and D
I throw a ball from the outfield to the picture's mound. It travels a distance of about 54 meters. The ball travels for about 3 seconds. How fast does the ball go? A) 6 m/s B) 18 m/s C) 104 m/s D) 162 m/s
B) 18 m/s
Concerning light and vision, where does transduction take place? A) in light rays coming from the sun B) in our eyes C) in the nerves that lead to the brain D) in the brain
B) in our eyes
I add two sinusoidal waves on a string and the two waves have the same amplitude and frequency, but are going in opposite directions. If the phase difference is equal to a whole wavelength, what do I get? Constructive interference Nothing Destructive interference A negative amplitude
Constructive interference
You push on a box with a mass of 50 kg. The box accelerates with an acceleration of 5 m/s2. There are no other forces acting on your box (no friction, no gravitation, etc.). How hard must you be pushing? A) 10 N B) 50 N C) 55 N D) 250 N
D) 250 N
I have a mass hanging on a spring. I pull the mass downward, and the mass spring system begins to oscillate. Now I change my mass to another spring that is twice as stiff. Will the oscillation frequency of the new mass-spring system increase, decrease, or stay the same? (hint, the equation for frequency of a mass-spring system may help you figure this one out) Mass has nothing to do with oscillation frequency Stay the same Decrease Increase
Increase
In physics, what is an image? It is a photograph. It is a series of dots of light on my computer screen that form a pattern. It is a social impression. It is a set of rays of light that form a pattern.
It is a set of rays of light that form a pattern.
In class we studied lenses. We held up a lens and had it form an image on the white board. How does the lens do this? It uses refraction to bend light rays so they collect at a certain point. It uses dispersion to separate the colors of light into a pattern. That is why the image was in color. It uses reflection to bounce the light rays into a recognizable pattern. It uses diffraction to bend the light rays out ward so you can see a recognizable pattern. This is why the image of the object was larger than the actual object.
It uses refraction to bend light rays so they collect at a certain point.
I am an astronaut (but assume my mass is negligible--a word which here means you can ignore my mass) and I have traveled far from any other object in space, except a baseball. If I throw the baseball, which of the following best describes the speed and direction of the ball? It will curve but travel the same speed It will go straight but slow down It will go straight at the same speed It will curve and speed up
It will go straight at the same speed
Suppose I have a mass on a spring and I find the system oscillates with a frequency of 400 Hz. Further suppose I switch it to a stiffer spring whose spring constant is twice that of the first. What can we say about the new frequency? It will have a frequency larger than 400 Hz It will have a frequency smaller than 400 Hz It will have a frequency of 400 Hz It will not oscillate
It will have a frequency larger than 400 Hz
Which part of the perceptual process is very different than the rest because it affects more than one other part of the cycle? Transduction Environmental Stimulus Recognition Knowledge
Knowledge
If I have the same acceleration acting on two objects, but one has twice the mass, what can I say about the forces on the two objects? The forces must sum up to 0. One must be 4 times the other. One must be 2 times the other. They must be the same because the accelerations are the same
One must be 2 times the other.
What definition below best describes the word perception as used in our class? Perception means to see. Perception is a conscious awareness. Perception is bottom-up processing. Perception is to recognize something. Perception is top-down processing.
Perception is a conscious awareness.
I have two waves coming from speakers in my room. I am sitting 3 wavelengths away from one speaker and 4.5 wavelengths away from the other speaker. I hear..... 8 times the normal loudness Practically nothing Twice the normal loudness 4 times the normal loudness
Practically nothing
You see Dr. Richard Kimball from the movie "Fugitive" running toward you blowing a whistle. What would you have to do to hear the same tone that running Dr. Kimball hears from the whistle? Run toward him at the same speed he is running toward you. Run away from him at the same speed he is running toward you. Don't run at all; just stay in the same place.
Run away from him at the same speed he is running toward you.
What is a field in physics? A coordinate system in which something happens. Something that surrounds a charge that communicates the force between charged particles. A place where you grow potatoes. A line of work.
Something that surrounds a charge that communicates the force between charged particles.
There are three types of energy we studied. Which of the following is not really a form of energy? Static energy, the energy of something at rest in free space. Work, the energy in applying a force and causing motion. Kinetic energy, the energy of motion. Potential energy, the energy of being up high or having the ability to cause kinetic energy.
Static energy, the energy of something at rest in free space
We learned that two waves in the same medium will add up point for point at every location in the medium. We gave a name for this special kind of adding. That name was... Differentiation Differential adiocondensation Integration Superposition Wave adding
Superposition
Suppose I make a wave in a swimming pool at one end of the pool. What reaches the other end of the pool? The water particles I disturbed on my end of the pool Air particles from my end of the pool The energy I gave the wave on my end of the pool
The energy I gave the wave on my end of the pool
Kinetic energy is ... A kind of work energy. The energy of motion. The energy of being up high or having the ability to cause kinetic energy. The energy associated with a spring.
The energy of motion.
In class we talked about a bed of nails. The person laying on the bed of nails did not get hurt because... There was more force because there were more nails. The force from the person's weight was more spread out over a larger area, so there was less pressure. There was less force from the person's weight when there were more nails, so no nails hurt the person. There was less area when there were more nails. If there were a bigger area, then there would be more force from that area.
The force from the person's weight was more spread out over a larger area, so there was less pressure.
Which best describes the reason why an image made by a magnifying glass is upside down? The magnifying glass reflects the light past the focal point and then inverts the image. The light rays are refracted and then reflected. The light rays cross over at the focal point and an image forms beyond it. The magnifying glass diverges the light rays at the focal point to invert the image. The light rays collect at the focal point which is where the image forms.
The light rays cross over at the focal point and an image forms beyond it
I gather the last row of our class to come push on a box at the front of the room. The back row surrounds the box and pushes, but the box does not move. What is the net force on the box? The net force is large, you sum up all the force from the back row people The net force is small, you sum up the forces, but you have to account for the different directions of the forces. The net force is zero, since the box is not accelerating. The net force does not apply to this circumstance.
The net force is zero, since the box is not accelerating.
If a a violin and piano are playing the same note why do they sound different? Their fundamental frequencies are different. The speed of the sound waves they generate are different. The partial frequencies they generate are different.
The partial frequencies they generate are different.
A sharp needle is easier to push through a piece of leather than a blunt needle even if we push both needles with equal force. This is because... Really blunt objects have higher pressure, and are easier to push through leather. The sharp needle has a smaller area on it's tip so it's pressure is much bigger. Really both would be just as easy to push through, because the force is the same. It is not really, you always push harder on needles.
The sharp needle has a smaller area on it's tip so it's pressure is much bigger.
Considering the perception cycle diagram. Which of the following is part of the cycle? Transition Transduction Transportation Television Temporation
Transduction
Which of the following is true concerning the reflection of light with a flat (plane) mirror? (You may consider the OCE #2 mirror activity). With reflection, the incidence angle is greater than the reflection angle. With reflection, the incidence angle is equal to the reflection angle. With reflection, the incidence angle is less than the reflection angle.
With reflection, the incidence angle is equal to the reflection angle.
Can you move the Earth? No, that is impossible since you are so small compared to the earth Yes, By Newton's 3rd law this happens all the time No, it would take huge machines or rocket engines
Yes, By Newton's 3rd law this happens all the time
Is there a name for a condition like speeding up or curving? Yes, acceleration Yes, force Yes, velocity Yes, mass No
Yes, acceleration
I push on the piano in our classroom. I push with a force of 5N. But the piano does not move. How much work have I done? Zero 10 J 50 J 5 J
Zero
To make waves we need two things - a medium and what else? a disturbance a wavicle high temperatures high density
a disturbance
How does each work to create a focused image. Match correctly. 1. lens of camera 2. lens of eye a. moves back and forth b. changes shape
a. 1. lens of camera b. 2. lens of eye
You stand 10 m from a light source. The light source is a light bulb that gives light uniformly in all directions. The light bulb has an output power of 300 W (it is very bright!) What is the intensity where you are standing? about 1/4 W/m^2 about 1/12 W/m^2 about 4 W/m^2 about 2 W/m^2
about 1/4 W/m^2
The part of the standing wave where the amplitude is the highest is called a(n) _________. node antinode
antinode
As discussed in class, a mirage results from ..... refraction of light coming from the sky by water droplets in the air. refraction of light coming from the sky as it passes from cooler, more dense air into warmer, less dense air near the earth's surface. reflection of light coming from the sky as it passes from cooler, more dense air into warmer, less dense air near the earth's surface. reflection of light coming from the sky by water droplets in the air.
refraction of light coming from the sky as it passes from cooler, more dense air into warmer, less dense air near the earth's surface.
To see a double rainbow, what is the order of reflection and refraction from when a ray of light first hits a raindrop to when it leaves the raindrop and makes it to your eye? refraction, refraction, refraction, reflection refraction, reflection, reflection, refraction reflection, reflection, refraction, refraction reflection, refraction, refraction, reflection refraction, refraction, reflection, reflection reflection, refraction, refraction, refraction reflection, refraction, reflection, refraction refraction, reflection, refraction, reflection
refraction, reflection, reflection, refraction
To see a rainbow, what is the order of reflection and refraction from when a ray of light first hits a raindrop to when it leaves the raindrop and makes it to your eye? reflection, refraction, reflection refraction, refraction, reflection refraction, reflection, reflection reflection, reflection, refraction refraction, reflection, refraction reflection, refraction, refraction
refraction, reflection, refraction
I drive my car toward Idaho Falls. I am going south. My acceleration direction is north. What am I doing? speeding up traveling at a constant speed slowing down spinning around going in reverse
slowing down
In what state of matter are the atoms that make up matter most tightly bound by electrical forces? solid plasma gas liquid
solid
A mirror is a ________ reflector for the kind of light we can see? achromatic specular sustentacular periodic diffuse
specular
There is a graph which shows two straight lines plotting displacement on the y-axis vs. time on the x-axis. You notice that the slope of one line is steeper than the other. What does this slope tell us about average velocity difference between the two lines? steeper slope indicates higher average velocity steeper slope indicates lower average velocity
steeper slope indicates higher average velocity
The units for energy is _________________. the Newton m/s the Joule kg/m^2 m/s^2
the Joule
As discussed in class and in the reading, since 1983, the meter has been defined as -the length of Pharaoh's ceremonial reed used to measure the length of the temple. -the distance light travels in a vacuum during a time interval of 1/299792458 seconds. -one ten millionth of the distance from the North Pole to the equator. -the length of a platinum 'reed' standard kept in France.
the distance light travels in a vacuum during a time interval of 1/299792458 seconds
The note that the instrument plays is the same frequency as the _________. non-harmonics superimposed on one another harmonic partials superimposed on one another the 2nd harmonic the fundamental
the fundamental
How are blue light and red light different? (mark all that apply) the speed they travel in a vacuum their frequencies their wavelengths
their frequencies their wavelengths
Treating someone poorly because you heard they were mean would be an example of: bottom-up processing top-down processing
top-down processing
The lady that said she was "legally blind" but then was able to separate the mail based on color had a tumor in her ________. (hint: she was not consciously aware that she could see). visual cortex retina visual association area
visual cortex
