Final Exam Notes

Kai cuts her foot while hiking. She forgot to pack bandages, but she has a tube of superglue and uses that to seal the wound. Kai's ability to invent a solution uses the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence.

creative

The amplitude of a wave is the height of a wave as measure from the highest point on the wave *blank* to the lowest point on the wave *blank*

crest:trough

Mohammed is sleeping. His eyelids are quivering because his eyes are darting around. Mohammed is probably experiencing ________ sleep.

REM

Which researcher believed that dreams simply reflect life events that are important to the dreamer?

Rosalind Cartwright

Why can amphetamines be used to treat ADHD in children?

They increase neurotransmitter activity within certain areas of the brain associated with impulse control.

The myelin sheath is made from

axons

Which of the following is an example of instinct?

baby turning it's head to suckle when it's check is stroked

*Blank* is a neurotransmitter which roles in a pleasure and pain modulation

beta-endorphin

Regular feelings of hunger are an example of a(n) ________ rhythm.

biological

When considering the wavelength of a radio wave-like the kind you hear when listening to music driving- you would be correct when you think it is the size of a

building

The two major divisions of the nervous systems are the

central and peripheral nervous system

The formulation of new memories is something called *blank*, and the process of bringing up old memories is called *blank*

construction: reconstruction

What is the main idea of levels of process theory?

If you want to remember a piece of info, you should think about it more deeply and link it to other info and memories to make it more meaningful

What has research shown about processing subliminal messages?

In laboratory settings, people can process and respond to information outside of their awareness.

Which is the following statement about rotating shift work is false?

It carries a much higher risk of leading to substance abuse

Which option is the most valid criticism of Watson and Rayner's work of "Little Albert"

It would be unethical by today's research standards

Elaina has been diagnosed with a small brain tumor. She first went to see her doctor after experiencing symptoms such as feeling very cold, almost fainting, a reduced appetite, and reduced sexual desire. Which of the following structures is her tumor most likely affecting?

hypothalamus

Which pair of individuals is most likely to receive similar intelligence test scores?

identical twins who were seperated at birth

One example of *Blank* is the difference between hemispheres in the area underlying language function.

lateralization

Which term refers to the vocabulary of a language, or the words contained within that language?

lexicon

Dave's boss told him that he doesn't have to attend the company picnic(which everyone dislikes) if Dave meets his sales quota this month. Dave's boss is using

negative reinforcement

People who have their corpus callosum severed for medical reasons would be able to tell you about what images shown to

only the right visual field

Sleepwalking, night terrors, and restless leg syndrome are all examples of________.

parasomnias

*blank*refers to the way that sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced; *blank* refers to what happens when sensory info is detected by a sensory receptor

perception;sensation

A *blank* is a basic sound unit of a given language

phoneme

What is an engram?

physical representation of what has been learned

*Blank* reinforcers have innate reinforcing qualities

primary

Which perceptual system allows Nancy to run without watching her feet and hit a baseball without focusing on her hands?

proprioception

Which option is not one of the Wechsler test of intelligence? (WISC)- Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children (WPPSI)-Wechsler Preschool and Primary scale of Intelligence (WAIS)- Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

(WAIM) Wechsler Adolescent Intelligence Measure

An intelligence score that falls below *blank* indicates significant cognitive delays, and may be indicative of an intellectual disability.

70

Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 ________, which are composed of long strands of ________.

Chromosomes and DNA

*Blank* encompasses the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgement,language and memory.

Cognition

*Blank* theory suggests that when people are hypnotized they have voluntarily divided their conscious: one half aware of reality and the other half tuned in to the hypnotist.

Dissociative

How is an explicit memory different from an implicit memory?

Explicit memories are memories we consciously try to remember and recall, while implicit memories are those that are not part of our consciousness.

The somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing

Temperature, touch, and pain

Which theory of dreams suggested that they do not, in fact, have any meaning at all but rather are simply the brain's attempt to make sense of random neural firing that occurs while we sleep?

The activation-synthesis model

Imagine yourself in a dark classroom reading Power Point slides. If an audience member checked cell phone now opposed to if she checked it in a brightly lit room very people would noticed it.They notice it in the dark room scenario. The cell phone doesnt change. This is an example of

Weber's law

Terrance finds it difficult to learn the alphabet, until he hears the alphabet song. Then he can easily remember it. This is an example of *blank* encoding

acoustic

What term describes the continuation of a visual sensation after removal of the stimulus?

afterimage

If I am looking at a snake and processing the fear caused by the snake, what part of the brain am I using?

amygdala

Which is the main type of chemical messengers secreted by the male gonads?

androgens

When a child works on a connect the dots puzzle, she can often see the completed work before she has finished all of the dots. Once there is enough visual information present, she's able to preceive the completed picture even though it is still complete. Which Gestalt principle does this demonstrate?

closure

Tabetha has a mental picture of the layout of her house, also called a ________, so when she comes home late at night she can navigate through the rooms without turning on a light.

cognitive map

Learning that occurs but is not observable in behavior until there is a reason to demonstrate it is called * blank* learning

conditioned

Carmella belives her assistant, Lian, is incompetent. She notices only what Lian does wrong while ignoring the above average quality of most of her work. This eximplifies *blank* bias.

confirmation

Ronaldo was born without the ability to experience pain, though he can perceive temperature differences and changes in pressure. What is his condition called? A. congenital analgesia B. inherited numbness C. nociception D. Pacinian Syndrome

congenital analgesia

What does the place theory of pitch perception suggest?

different portions of the basilar membrane are sensitive to sounds of different frequencies

Which two neurotransmitters have roles in appetite suppression?

dopamine and norepinephrine

Barney used to live in Pittsburgh. He has the same are code as the first three digits of his new number. Barney remembers it by connecting it to his old number. This is an example of

elaborative

What did John B Watson and Rosalie Rayner demonstrate with their studies of Little Albert?

emotion can be a conditioned response

Which psychological perspective might advance the argument that our sleep patterns evolved as an adaptive response to predatory risks, which are higher during periods of darkness?

evolutionary

Molly attempts to condition her puppy to greet her when she enters the house. She repeatedly pairs her entry to the house with a treat for the puppy. The puppy eventually acquires this ability, and Molly realizes how irritating it is for the puppy to run up to her every time she enters the house. She attempts to make the puppy stop, and eventually the puppy no longer feels motivated to greet her when she enters the house. The puppy no longer greeting her when she enters the house is an example of ________.

extinction

Which concept is a type of mental set where you can not perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for?

functional fixedness

Mescaline is considered a ________ drug because it results in profound alterations in sensory and perceptual experiences.

hallucinogenic

Which part of my brain is probably damaged if I am unable to recognize basic objects around my house?

hippocampus

*Blank* is a state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions ( such as body temp) are maintained at optimal levels.

homeostasis

Birds migrating, cats chasing prey, sea turtles moving toward the ocean immediately after birth, and joeys moving to the mother's pouch immediately after birth are all examples of ________.

instincts

In Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences theory, *blank* intelligences and *blank* intelligence are often combined into a single type: emotional intelligence

interpersonal;intrapersonal

What impact did Genie's early isolation have on her ability to aquire language? She never developed a ?

mastery of the grammatical aspects of the language

A state of Blank, as shown by EEG recordings of new practitioners, is not an altered state of conciousness: however, paterns of brain waves exhibited by expert practitiiners may repersent a unique state of consciousness.

meditation\

What is the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time?

memory

Gabrielle watches her father put batteries into her toy phone, and she is then able to put the batteries into the toy phone herself without further instruction from her father. In this example, Gabrielle's father is a ________.

model

Aram is proficient in playing a number of instruments and can easily learn new songs and rhythms. This exemplifies ________ intelligence.

musical

Cataplexy is a symptom associated with ________.

narcolepsy

Samek was driving to work when he suddenly felt paralyzed and couldn't resist falling asleep. Samek may have ________.

narcolepsy

If you watch a flock of birds flying overheard, each very close to the next one, you may perceive them as all being part of the same group. If they were all spaced very much apart, however, you may see them as individual birds not flying together. This distinction takes advantage of which Gestalt principle?

proximity

*Blank* asserts that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our enviroment interacts with our genes to determine where within those boundaries we will fall.

range of reaction

Each person is born with a genetic potential to reach a certain level of potential, but whether or not they accomplish that level depends on their enviroments and experiences. This is the foundation of the *blank* model

range of reaction

Kenethia enjoys knitting. When she begins college, she has less time for knitting and finally stops altogether. After graduation, she wants to knit again, so she practices with her needles until she is good at it again. This is an example of ________, a means of retrieving information out of your long-term memory storage system.

relearning

The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as ________.

retrieval

Katya studies Spanish for three years, and then switches to Pashto. When asked to remember Spanish vocab she can't; instead she can only remember Pashto vocab. This is an example of *blank* interference

retroactive

Elaine wakes up in the hospital with a head injury. She gets to know her doctors and nurses over time, but it soon becomes clear that she has no memories from before she woke up in the hospital. Elaine has ________ amnesia.

retrograde

What did the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart suggest about intelligence? The findings from this study ________.

revealed a genetic component to intelligence

Which of the following experiments involves the use of operant conditioning?

rewarding a child for finishing his oatmeal mush and counting how many times the child needs to be rewarded before he finishes his oatmeal voluntarily

Wesley is in a movie theater with no windows- the only light is low illumination from the er lights on the floor. Which photoreceptors will be most useful to Wesley as he attemps to leave the theatre?

rods

Which term refers to the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words?

semantics

Which term best describes rewarding succesive approximations of a target behavior?

shaping

Which of the following senses is not first routed through the thalamus?

smell

Crack is regarded as more addictive than cocaine because it is

smokeable, so it reaches the brain more quickly v

After a hurricane warning came across the television, young Eli became terrified of the alarm sound that signaled a severe weather warning. Over the next few months he heard it several times when the "required monthly test" came on the tv, and his fear faded away. One day the alarm sounded and Eli jumped up and ran out of the room. This return of a previously extinguished response is called

spontaneous recovery

You are a big fan of your grandmother's chocolate chip cookies. Just the smell of them causes you to feel hungry. One night she is making chocolate chip oatmeal almond cookies, a variation of her usual recipe. You smell the baking cookies and even though it is different than her usual cookie scent, you still suddenly feel hungry for a treat. This demonstrates the classical conditioning principle of

stimulus generalization

The *Blank* nervous system is responsible for stimulating digestion and causing the bladder to contract

sympathetic

Which of these is not one of the structures that comprimises the outer ear?

the basilar membrane

Your ears receive sound waves and convert this energy into neural messages that travel to your brain and are processed as sounds. This is an example of ________.

transduction

What of the following is an example of a mnemonic device?

using the acronym "HOMES" to remember the names of the Great Lakes

Individulas undergoing hypnosis

usually have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and ae in control of their own behaviors

Gambling at a slot machine is an example of which reinforcement schedule?

variable ratio

Vinnie is standing on one leg with his arms in the air. The ________ sense helps keep him balanced so he has less chance of falling over.

vestibular