Final Exam Review

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Which of the following factors have contributed to the spread of HIV/AIDS and hepatitis C ? #1 sharing of contaminated needles, #2 drug - induced high-risk sexual practices #3 poor hygiene among restaurant workers #4 consistent and regular use of condoms during sex

Factors 1 and 2 only

CH 7 Unlike opiates, steroids do not have distinct withdrawal symptoms.

False

In 1937 marijuana became illegal in the United States largely because

Reason 1 and 2 only

The inability to resist an impulse that is originally pleasurable but ends up becoming harmful is called an impulse control disorder

True

The physical, mental, and emotional effects a person experiences from taking psychoactive drugs are caused by the modification or mimicking of the neurotransmitter's function. (T/F)

Ture

Listed below are different sequential variations of drugs in the opiate family Which one accurately represents the order in which the drugs were discovered and used (from left to right, representing oldest to newest drugs forms)

Opium, morphine, heroin

The U.S Army carried out psychological warfare and brainwashing experiments on animals and humans with psychedelic drugs for many years

TRUE

Tolerance to LSD develops quickly, within days of daily use.

TRUE

Compulsive behaviors (e.g., binge eating, anorexia, bulimia, compulsive gambling, sexual compulsion, and Internet addiction) affect many of the same areas of the brain that are influenced by psychoactive drugs.

True

The Physical, mental and emotional effects a person experiences from taking psychoactive drugs are caused by the modification or mimicking of the neurotransmitter's function (T/F)

True

The central nervous system is composed of the spinal cord and the brain. (T/F)

True

When used long-term or in large doses, a drug can cause a loss of sexual interest and inability to perform sexually.

True

Which of the following designations characterizes all arounders? 1. Hallucinogens 2. psychedelics 2. Perception stabilizers 4.. CNS stabilizers

# 1 and 2 only

Which of the following methods are used to absorb drugs through the mucosal membrane?

All of them

Compulsive behaviors, including eating disorders, result in the development of which of the following? 1. Withdrawal symptoms 2. psychological dependence 3. tolerance 4. neurological and medical problems

All of them 1,2,3,4

The most crucial neurotransmitter involved in behavioral addictions, drug use, and drug abuse is:

Dopamine

Which is the most compulsive kind of gambler?

Pathological gambler

Which of the following are factual statements about the Opium Wars?

Statements 1, 3 and 4 only

Which of the following are signs of addicition?

There is continued use despite experiencing physical or psychological problems and consequences.

Addcition is an equal opportunity destroyer

True

Human brain chemistry can be affected by psychoactive drugs, behavioral addictions, and mental illness, to induce an alerted state of consciousness. (T/F)

True

The effect an all arounder has on the user depends on which of the following factors? 1. the user mind set 2. the physical setting in which the drug is used 3. the amount taken on dosage 4. how recently the user has eaten

1 , 2, 3

Which of the following groups have been involved in growing, manufacturing, distributing, taxing, and prohibiting drugs? #1 The ruling class #2 Governments #3 Industry #4Criminal Organizations

1, 2, 3 and 4

When drugs are taken orally, the effects are delayed for approximately how long?

20 to 30 minutes

Which of the following statements most accurately represents the use of plant-based psychoactive substances?

About 4,000 plants yield psychoactive substances, and the vast majority are not illegal.

Which of the following statements is rue regarding addiction, including compulsive behavior such as gambling?

Addiction is a disease analogous to diabetes

Which of the following is currently the most popular psychoactive substance worldwide?

Alcohol

The emotional center of the brain that is activated when a person with an addiction sees a person, place, or thing that reminds him of their addiction. (e.g needle, slot machine, white powder) is called

Amygdala

The Drug Enforcement administration (DEA) classifies drugs into five levels or schedules based on their potential medical benefits and their abuse/.addiction potential. Schedule I includes drugs the DEA has classified as having high abuse/addiction potential and no accepted medical use. The DEA includes which of the following drugs in the Schedule I category? #1 Marijuana #2 Heroin #3 LSD #4 Cocaine

Drugs 1, 2, and 3 only

The comprehensive Drug abuse prevention and Control Act of 1990 was implemented in response to crack epidemic of the 1990s. (T/F)

False

The effects of psychedelic drugs are consistent and predictable

False

The good news is that Illegal methamphetamine super labs are rapidly diminishing in Mexico and the United States. (T/F)

False

The monetary value of drugs has never been a part of legitimate government's economic plans, but it has often been part of illegitimate government's economic plans. (T/F)

False

The monetary value of drugs has never been part of legitimate government's economic plans, but it has often been a part of illegitimate government's economic plans. (T/F)

False

The phrase "demand reduction" seeks to decrease drug abuse by reducing the availability of drugs

False

There are several routes of administering drugs, and some reach the brain faster than other. Which of the following sequences correctly lists the routes of administration from fastest to slowest from getting drugs to the brain.

Inhaling(smoke) injecting ( intravenous) mucous membrane absorption (nasal passage) oral ingestion

The 18th amendment (The Volstead Act) was implemented to

Prohibit the manufacture and the sale of any alcoholic beverage in the United Stated

A person's level of emotional and physical stress can increase the ability of psychoactive drugs to cross the blood brain barrier. (T/F)

True

Inhalant effects resemble those of alcohols and sedative intoxication

True

The ruling classes, governments, industry, and criminal organizations have controlled the trade of psychoactive drugs. A. true B. false

True

The use of an addiction substance ( such as alcohol and other drugs) at an early age change vulnerable brain functions and increase a person likelihood of developing an addiction

True

To titrate a drug means to continuously regulate the amount of drug you are receiving. (T/F)

True

Contaminated needles spread which diseases?

all

According to the authors of Uppers, Downers, All arounders, psychoactive drug is defined as

any substance that directly alters the normal functioning of the central nervous system.

Ch 6. Hashish is made from

cannabis resin

which disorder is similar to compulsive shopping?

hoarding

Which of the following are waring signs that someone may be abusing inhalants? 1. recurring or frequent headaches 2. chemicals odor on the body 3. inflammation of the nasal lining 4. needle tracks

signs 1 2 3 only

Which of the following statements are true about drug courts?

statements 1 and 3 only

The historical and moral conflict between doing what an individual wants to do (primal urges) versus what he should do (common sense, reason) is mirrored in the conflict that arises between the old brain and the new brain when addictive drugs and behaviors are involved. (T/F)

True

Low serotonin levels (which cause depression) are associated with which of the following? 1. Compulsive shoppers among women 2. the development of eating disorders among women 3. Risk taking among men 4. violence among men

options 1 , 2 3, 4

A practical way to classify psychoactive substance is the following.

Stimulants, depressants, and psychedelics.

When neurotransmitter regulates mood, emotional behavior, motor control and orgasms'

dopamine

When drugs are taken orally, the effects are delayed for approximately how long?

20 to 30

When the human body is continually challenged by the use of drugs that alter the body's natural balance a "new normal' is created known as

Allostasis

The progression from abuse to addiction is most influenced by

Compulsion

From our nation's early beginnings, the United States strictly regulated alcohol, opium, morphine, cannabis and other psychoactive medications (T/F)

False

Inhalants are categorized as stimulants or uppers. True or False

False

Limiting the places where tobacco smoking is permitted has not reduced the use of tobacco in the United States or other countries where such policies have been implemented. (T/F)

False

Marijuana is not addictive and does not induce compulsive

False

Originally called "freebase." "crack cocaine: fist appeared at the beginning of this century. (T/F)

False

Psychedelics come from natural plant sources.

False

Psychoactive drugs promote homeostatic conditions in the central nervous system. (T/F)

False

The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1990 was implemented in response to crack epidemic of the 1990s. True or False

False

The more rapidly a psychoactive drug reaches its central nervous system target, the less the reward and the lower the reinforcing effect. (T/F)

False

There is no such thing a psychological dependence (T/F)

False

There is no such thing as psychological dependence. (T/F)

False

There are several routs of administering drugs, and some reach the brain faster than others. Which of the following sequences correctly lists the routes of administration from fastest to slowest for getting drugs to the brain?

Inhaling(smoke) injection (intravenous), mucous membrane absorption(nasal passage) oral ingestion

Synaptic plasticity in response to psychoactive drugs can result in which of the following? #increase in the number of available neurotransmitters #2 Decrease in the number of available neurotransmitters #3 increase in the number of receptors and receptor sites. #4 the ability of the synapse to change in strength and function when the pathway is overused or underused

Results 1, 2 , 3 , and 4

Which of the following statements are true regarding technology, gaming and gambling?

Statements 1,2, and 4 only

A person's level of emotional and physical stress can increase the ability of psychoactive drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier. (T/F)

True

Alcohol or other drugs are involved in 70% of teen suicides.

True

An Important lessons from all the primary prevention programs is that to be successful a program must be continual. One year attempts to inoculating students against alcohol drug use have not been effective enough.

True

Anterograde amnesia is the term used to describe an inability to remember what happened during a psychedelic tripe.

True

College students have a higher rate of problems pathological gambling than the general population.

True

Human brain chemistry can be affected by psychoactive drugs, behavioral addictions, and mental illness, to induce an altered state of consciousness. True or False

True

In recent decades, policy decisions regarding drugs and alcohol have been made based on the political climate rather than on the effects of drugs on the individual and society. True or False

True

Mexican cartels have replaced Colombian cartels in smuggling cocaine into the United States.

True

Psilocybin mushrooms cause less disassociation, panic, and psychotic reactions compared with LSD.

True

Regardless of which method a person uses to consume a psychoactive drug, the drug reaches the brain through the bloodstream. (T/F)

True

Synapses are able to change strength and function when a pathway is stressed, overused, or underused, such as by the intake of psychoactive substances (T/F)

True

The compulsive gambler's addiction pathway in the brain becomes hijacked similar to the ways the brain becomes rewired from alcohol and other drug addictions. (T/F)

True

The three main prevention methods use are

harm reduction, supply reduction and demand reduction

Down regulation of a brain cell's receptors occurs when a person uses drugs and

the cell retracts receptor sites to slow down message transmission because there are too many neurotransmitters.

"addiction" is the disease whereas inhalants abuse, steroid misuse, or compulsive gambling, eating, shopping, or sex are the manifestations of the disease.

true


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