Final Exam Review
Which of the following factors have contributed to the spread of HIV/AIDS and hepatitis C ? #1 sharing of contaminated needles, #2 drug - induced high-risk sexual practices #3 poor hygiene among restaurant workers #4 consistent and regular use of condoms during sex
Factors 1 and 2 only
CH 7 Unlike opiates, steroids do not have distinct withdrawal symptoms.
False
In 1937 marijuana became illegal in the United States largely because
Reason 1 and 2 only
The inability to resist an impulse that is originally pleasurable but ends up becoming harmful is called an impulse control disorder
True
The physical, mental, and emotional effects a person experiences from taking psychoactive drugs are caused by the modification or mimicking of the neurotransmitter's function. (T/F)
Ture
Listed below are different sequential variations of drugs in the opiate family Which one accurately represents the order in which the drugs were discovered and used (from left to right, representing oldest to newest drugs forms)
Opium, morphine, heroin
The U.S Army carried out psychological warfare and brainwashing experiments on animals and humans with psychedelic drugs for many years
TRUE
Tolerance to LSD develops quickly, within days of daily use.
TRUE
Compulsive behaviors (e.g., binge eating, anorexia, bulimia, compulsive gambling, sexual compulsion, and Internet addiction) affect many of the same areas of the brain that are influenced by psychoactive drugs.
True
The Physical, mental and emotional effects a person experiences from taking psychoactive drugs are caused by the modification or mimicking of the neurotransmitter's function (T/F)
True
The central nervous system is composed of the spinal cord and the brain. (T/F)
True
When used long-term or in large doses, a drug can cause a loss of sexual interest and inability to perform sexually.
True
Which of the following designations characterizes all arounders? 1. Hallucinogens 2. psychedelics 2. Perception stabilizers 4.. CNS stabilizers
# 1 and 2 only
Which of the following methods are used to absorb drugs through the mucosal membrane?
All of them
Compulsive behaviors, including eating disorders, result in the development of which of the following? 1. Withdrawal symptoms 2. psychological dependence 3. tolerance 4. neurological and medical problems
All of them 1,2,3,4
The most crucial neurotransmitter involved in behavioral addictions, drug use, and drug abuse is:
Dopamine
Which is the most compulsive kind of gambler?
Pathological gambler
Which of the following are factual statements about the Opium Wars?
Statements 1, 3 and 4 only
Which of the following are signs of addicition?
There is continued use despite experiencing physical or psychological problems and consequences.
Addcition is an equal opportunity destroyer
True
Human brain chemistry can be affected by psychoactive drugs, behavioral addictions, and mental illness, to induce an alerted state of consciousness. (T/F)
True
The effect an all arounder has on the user depends on which of the following factors? 1. the user mind set 2. the physical setting in which the drug is used 3. the amount taken on dosage 4. how recently the user has eaten
1 , 2, 3
Which of the following groups have been involved in growing, manufacturing, distributing, taxing, and prohibiting drugs? #1 The ruling class #2 Governments #3 Industry #4Criminal Organizations
1, 2, 3 and 4
When drugs are taken orally, the effects are delayed for approximately how long?
20 to 30 minutes
Which of the following statements most accurately represents the use of plant-based psychoactive substances?
About 4,000 plants yield psychoactive substances, and the vast majority are not illegal.
Which of the following statements is rue regarding addiction, including compulsive behavior such as gambling?
Addiction is a disease analogous to diabetes
Which of the following is currently the most popular psychoactive substance worldwide?
Alcohol
The emotional center of the brain that is activated when a person with an addiction sees a person, place, or thing that reminds him of their addiction. (e.g needle, slot machine, white powder) is called
Amygdala
The Drug Enforcement administration (DEA) classifies drugs into five levels or schedules based on their potential medical benefits and their abuse/.addiction potential. Schedule I includes drugs the DEA has classified as having high abuse/addiction potential and no accepted medical use. The DEA includes which of the following drugs in the Schedule I category? #1 Marijuana #2 Heroin #3 LSD #4 Cocaine
Drugs 1, 2, and 3 only
The comprehensive Drug abuse prevention and Control Act of 1990 was implemented in response to crack epidemic of the 1990s. (T/F)
False
The effects of psychedelic drugs are consistent and predictable
False
The good news is that Illegal methamphetamine super labs are rapidly diminishing in Mexico and the United States. (T/F)
False
The monetary value of drugs has never been a part of legitimate government's economic plans, but it has often been part of illegitimate government's economic plans. (T/F)
False
The monetary value of drugs has never been part of legitimate government's economic plans, but it has often been a part of illegitimate government's economic plans. (T/F)
False
The phrase "demand reduction" seeks to decrease drug abuse by reducing the availability of drugs
False
There are several routes of administering drugs, and some reach the brain faster than other. Which of the following sequences correctly lists the routes of administration from fastest to slowest from getting drugs to the brain.
Inhaling(smoke) injecting ( intravenous) mucous membrane absorption (nasal passage) oral ingestion
The 18th amendment (The Volstead Act) was implemented to
Prohibit the manufacture and the sale of any alcoholic beverage in the United Stated
A person's level of emotional and physical stress can increase the ability of psychoactive drugs to cross the blood brain barrier. (T/F)
True
Inhalant effects resemble those of alcohols and sedative intoxication
True
The ruling classes, governments, industry, and criminal organizations have controlled the trade of psychoactive drugs. A. true B. false
True
The use of an addiction substance ( such as alcohol and other drugs) at an early age change vulnerable brain functions and increase a person likelihood of developing an addiction
True
To titrate a drug means to continuously regulate the amount of drug you are receiving. (T/F)
True
Contaminated needles spread which diseases?
all
According to the authors of Uppers, Downers, All arounders, psychoactive drug is defined as
any substance that directly alters the normal functioning of the central nervous system.
Ch 6. Hashish is made from
cannabis resin
which disorder is similar to compulsive shopping?
hoarding
Which of the following are waring signs that someone may be abusing inhalants? 1. recurring or frequent headaches 2. chemicals odor on the body 3. inflammation of the nasal lining 4. needle tracks
signs 1 2 3 only
Which of the following statements are true about drug courts?
statements 1 and 3 only
The historical and moral conflict between doing what an individual wants to do (primal urges) versus what he should do (common sense, reason) is mirrored in the conflict that arises between the old brain and the new brain when addictive drugs and behaviors are involved. (T/F)
True
Low serotonin levels (which cause depression) are associated with which of the following? 1. Compulsive shoppers among women 2. the development of eating disorders among women 3. Risk taking among men 4. violence among men
options 1 , 2 3, 4
A practical way to classify psychoactive substance is the following.
Stimulants, depressants, and psychedelics.
When neurotransmitter regulates mood, emotional behavior, motor control and orgasms'
dopamine
When drugs are taken orally, the effects are delayed for approximately how long?
20 to 30
When the human body is continually challenged by the use of drugs that alter the body's natural balance a "new normal' is created known as
Allostasis
The progression from abuse to addiction is most influenced by
Compulsion
From our nation's early beginnings, the United States strictly regulated alcohol, opium, morphine, cannabis and other psychoactive medications (T/F)
False
Inhalants are categorized as stimulants or uppers. True or False
False
Limiting the places where tobacco smoking is permitted has not reduced the use of tobacco in the United States or other countries where such policies have been implemented. (T/F)
False
Marijuana is not addictive and does not induce compulsive
False
Originally called "freebase." "crack cocaine: fist appeared at the beginning of this century. (T/F)
False
Psychedelics come from natural plant sources.
False
Psychoactive drugs promote homeostatic conditions in the central nervous system. (T/F)
False
The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1990 was implemented in response to crack epidemic of the 1990s. True or False
False
The more rapidly a psychoactive drug reaches its central nervous system target, the less the reward and the lower the reinforcing effect. (T/F)
False
There is no such thing a psychological dependence (T/F)
False
There is no such thing as psychological dependence. (T/F)
False
There are several routs of administering drugs, and some reach the brain faster than others. Which of the following sequences correctly lists the routes of administration from fastest to slowest for getting drugs to the brain?
Inhaling(smoke) injection (intravenous), mucous membrane absorption(nasal passage) oral ingestion
Synaptic plasticity in response to psychoactive drugs can result in which of the following? #increase in the number of available neurotransmitters #2 Decrease in the number of available neurotransmitters #3 increase in the number of receptors and receptor sites. #4 the ability of the synapse to change in strength and function when the pathway is overused or underused
Results 1, 2 , 3 , and 4
Which of the following statements are true regarding technology, gaming and gambling?
Statements 1,2, and 4 only
A person's level of emotional and physical stress can increase the ability of psychoactive drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier. (T/F)
True
Alcohol or other drugs are involved in 70% of teen suicides.
True
An Important lessons from all the primary prevention programs is that to be successful a program must be continual. One year attempts to inoculating students against alcohol drug use have not been effective enough.
True
Anterograde amnesia is the term used to describe an inability to remember what happened during a psychedelic tripe.
True
College students have a higher rate of problems pathological gambling than the general population.
True
Human brain chemistry can be affected by psychoactive drugs, behavioral addictions, and mental illness, to induce an altered state of consciousness. True or False
True
In recent decades, policy decisions regarding drugs and alcohol have been made based on the political climate rather than on the effects of drugs on the individual and society. True or False
True
Mexican cartels have replaced Colombian cartels in smuggling cocaine into the United States.
True
Psilocybin mushrooms cause less disassociation, panic, and psychotic reactions compared with LSD.
True
Regardless of which method a person uses to consume a psychoactive drug, the drug reaches the brain through the bloodstream. (T/F)
True
Synapses are able to change strength and function when a pathway is stressed, overused, or underused, such as by the intake of psychoactive substances (T/F)
True
The compulsive gambler's addiction pathway in the brain becomes hijacked similar to the ways the brain becomes rewired from alcohol and other drug addictions. (T/F)
True
The three main prevention methods use are
harm reduction, supply reduction and demand reduction
Down regulation of a brain cell's receptors occurs when a person uses drugs and
the cell retracts receptor sites to slow down message transmission because there are too many neurotransmitters.
"addiction" is the disease whereas inhalants abuse, steroid misuse, or compulsive gambling, eating, shopping, or sex are the manifestations of the disease.
true