Final Exam Review

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Which of the diagrams above depicts a cell at the end of meiosis II?

A

The chromosome of a bacterium...

has a circular shape

Which phrase best describes scientific theories?

"Are never proven"

Which phrase best describes the Rough ER?

"Studded with ribosomes"

How many chromosomes are in the body cell of an organism that has a haploid number of 8?

16

How many amino acids are coded for by the strand of mRNA shown below? Assume the reading frame begins with the first nucleotide. CGAUAC

2

Refer to the illustration above. Mitosis begins with the stage shown in diagram...

2

ATP is composed of nitrogenous base, a sugar, and...

3 phosphate groups

Refer to the illustration above. The process shown is...

Meiosis

To create new haploid cells during the haploid life cycle, the zygote undergoes...

Meiosis

Separation of homologous occurs during

Meiosis I

Only eukaryotic cells have...?

Membrane-bound organelles

During transcription, the genetic information for making a protein is "rewritten" as a molecule of...

Messenger RNA

All the chemical processes used to build up or break down materials is an organisms...

Metabolism

The phase of mitosis that is characterized by the arrangement of all the chromosomes along the equator of the cell is called?

Metaphase

What kind of cytoskeleton fibers could help a cell change shape to fit into a space?

Microfilaments

A cell that requires a lot of energy might contain large numbers of...

Mitochondria

Which organelles supply energy to the cell?

Mitochondria

During which of the following stages shown in figure 5.1 does the cytoplasm of a cell divide?

Mitosis

Low temperatures may cause photosynthesis to occur...

More slowly

Organisms that are not autotrophs...?

Must consume other organisms to get energy

Double membrane surrounding the nucleus is called the...

Nuclear envelope

The entire molecule shown in the diagram above is called a(n)

Nucleotide

In humans, where does DNA replication take place?

Nucleus

Refer to the illustration above.. Structure 2 is...

Nucleus

Which organelle is the storehouse for most of the cell's genetic information?

Nucleus

Mitosis is the process by which

Nucleus divided into 2 nuclei

In order to produce all the protein that a cell needs, transcription takes place

On a gene segment over and over again

In humans, the male determines the sex of the child because males have

One "X" and one "Y" chromosome

What level of organization is the small intestine?

Organ

A structure with a eukaryotic cell that carries out specific activities inside the cell is called a(n)

Organelle

Which scientist conducted tests on extracts made of bacteria to show that the genetic material in bacteria is DNA?

Oswald Avery

Cells produce ATP most efficiently in the presence of...

Oxygen

Which cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and DNA?

All cells

Refer to the illustration above. The cell in diagram 1 is in...

Anaphase

Which of the following organisms do not carry out photosynthesis?

Animals

Where are bond ribosomes located?

Attached to membranes

Transcription beings when RNA polymerase...

Attaches to the promoter sequence of a gene

Which of the following is an example of a prokaryotic cell?

Bacterium

Main difference between the four nucleotides that make up DNA is that they have different...

Bases

During replication, the function of the enzyme DNA polymerase is to

Bind nucleotides together

At the very beginning of translation, the first tRNA molecule...

Binds to the mRNA's start codon

Both of the processes shown in figure 1.2 use and apply biological processes. Both processes are examples of...

Biotechnology

What is unique about carbon?

Bonding properties

The process of cellular respiration...

Brakes down food molecules to release stored energy

Refer to the illustration above.. Which of the following correctly indicates the order in which these events occur?

C,B,A,D

Identify the products in this reaction: 6HO+ 6CO+CHO+6O

C6 H12 O6+6O2

Which of the following is a reactant in photosynthesis?

CO2

During the final stage of photosynthesis, sugars are produced from...

Carbon dioxide

Each of the following is a type of RNA except

Carrier RNA

Transfer RNA

Carries an amino acid to its correct codon

Cytokinesis in plant cells involves the formation of...

Cell plate

Which of the following pairs contains unrelated items?

Cell wall-animal cell

Scientists use observations and data to form and test...

Hypotheses

Where is messenger RNA "edited" into into final form?

In the nucleus

Refer to the illustration above. Graph A demonstrates that the rate of photosynthesis...

Increases in response to increasing light intensity, but only to a certain point

As light intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis...

Increases until the light saturation point is reached

The first 3 phases of the cell cycle are collectively known as...

Interphase

Which type of receptor is shown in the diagram figure 3.2?

Intracellular

During transcription, what does messenger RNA do?

It delivers DNA's instructions for making proteins

Chromatids are..

Joined strands of duplicated genetic material

Refer to the illustration above. What is the portion of the protein molecule coded for by a piece of mRNA with the sequence CUCAAGUGCUUC?

Leu-Lys-Cys-Phe

The water molecules labeled A in figure 4.1 are going to the thylakoids to take part in which process?

Light-dependent reactions

When a chromosome condenses...

Looped domains coil into a structure

Which organelles contain enzymes that break down old cell parts?

Lysosomes

Which statement describes the chromosome shown in figure 5.2?

Made up of two chromosomes

The major atmospheric by-product of photosynthesis is...

Oxygen

RNA is chemically similar to DNA except that the sugar in RNA has an additional

Oxygen atoms

Which of the following environmental factors does not affect the rate of photosynthesis?

Oxygen concentration

Which of the following is not a type of sexual life cycle?

Parthenogenesis

Transport proteins play a role in both:

Passive and active transport

Which of the following directly provides the energy needed for cell function?

Phosphate group removed from ATP

Light energy is converted to chemical energy through the process of...

Photosynthesis

Which process occurs inside the chloroplast?

Photosynthesis

Which of the following statements is true?

Plant cells and animal cells have different strategies for cytokinesis.

What do chloroplasts and mitochondria have in common?

Production of ATP

Microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate fibers are three kinds of cytoskeleton

Protein fibers

In eukaryotes, the cell cycle is controlled by...

Proteins

The four main types of carbon-based molecules in organisms are carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and...

Proteins

NADPH is important in photosynthesis because it...

Provides high-energy electrons needed to store energy in organic molecules.

Hydrogen ion pumps found in the thylakoid membrans are directly responsible for...

Providing energy to produce ATP molecules

Of the four nitrogen bases in DNA, which two are purines and which two are pyrimidines?

Purines: Adenine, Guanine Pyrimidines: Thymine, Cytosine

During transcription

RNA is produced

Transcription, which is a stage of gene expression, is the process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is transferred to a(n)

RNA molecule

Which aspect of chemical reaction is affected by enzymes?

Rate

As a result of mitosis, each of the 2 new cells produced from the parent cell during cytokinesis...

Receives an exact copy of all chromosomes present its parent cell

Chlorophyll is green because...

Reflects green wavelengths of light

All of the following are true about DNA replication in prokaryotic cell except...

Replication begins at many sites along the DNA

Which of the following is NOT a part of a molecule of DNA?

Ribose

Refer to the illustration above. Which structure packages proteins for distribution?

Ribosome

In a cell, proteins are made on the...

Ribosomes

Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes containing genes that code for...

Same traits

Which of the following is true of both DNA and some proteins?

Separate from cytoplasm

The X and Y chromosomes are called...

Sex chromosomes

The process of producing offspring is called reproduction and can be...

Sexual or asexual

Which event takes place during anaphase II of meiosis II?

Sister chromatids separate

Which of the following solutions has the highest H ion of concentration?

Solution of pH of 1

Which of the following cell types is diploid?

Somatic cell

Similar organisms that can reproduce by interbreeding being to the same...

Species

The space inside the inner membrane of a chloroplast is called...

Stroma

Refer to the illustration above.. Which structure produces vesicles filled with proteins?

Structure 1

Refer to the illustration above. Which structure immediately identifies this cell as a eukaryotic?

Structure 2

Refer to the illustration above.. In eukaryotic cells, DNA is found in...

Structure 2

Refer to the illustration above. Which structure acts as a boundary between the outside environment and the inside of the cell?

Structure 4

Which substance represented in figure 2.1 (A or B) is the solvent?

Substance A

when a phosphate group is removed from an ATP molecule...

Substantial amount of energy is released

The part of the molecule for which DNA is named is the..

Sugar

A nucleotide consists of...

Sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base

When electrons of a chlorophyll molecule are raised to a higher energy level, they...

Transferred to an electron carrier

in RNA molecules, adenine is complementary to...

Uracil

What happens to the sugars that are made during photosynthesis?

Used for cellular respiration

Refer to the illustration above. Structure 3 is a(n)

Vesicle

The source of oxygen produced during photosynthesis is...

Water

The scientists credited with establishing the structure of DNA are...

Watson and Crick

Which scientists figured out the three-dimensional structure of DNA by using a model of metal and wood?

Watson and Crick

Normal human males develop from fertilized eggs containing which of the following sex chromosomes combinations?

XY

All the following are found in both plant and animal cells, except...

A cell wall

A spindle fiber is a specialized form of

A microtubule

When glycolysis occurs...

A molecule of glucose is split

Refer to the illustration above. Suppose that you are given a protein containing the sequence of amino acids: tyrosine, proline, aspectice, acide, isoleumia, and cytosine. Use the portion of the genetic code given to delivering which of the following contains a DNA sequence that codes for this amino acid sequence?

ATG-GGT-CTA-TAT-ACG

Refer to the illustration above.. The cell uses structure 3 to...

ATP

What molecule carries chemical energy that cells use for their functions?

ATP

ATP is called a cell's energy "currency" because...

ATP can be "made" in one place and "spent" or used in another

An enzyme that catalyzed the synthesis of ATP is...

ATP syntheses

Figure 8.2 shows a single strand of DNA. Choose the first three nucleotides of the complementary RNA strand.

AUC

The attachments of nucleotides to form a complementary strand of DNA during replication...

Accomplished by DNA polymerase

Which of the following is part of the cell theory?

Cells= basic units of structure and function in organisms

Which process is best represented by the following chemical equation?

Cellular respiration

Plant cells have a large membrane-bound compartment in which water, waste products, and nutrients can be stored. This compartment is called the...

Central vacuole

The carbon cycle makes carbon compounds continuously available in an ecosystem and delivers...

Chemical energy to organisms within the ecosystem

The organelles associated with plant photosynthesis are the...

Chloroplasts

Difference between anaphase of mitosis and anaphase I of meiosis is that...

Chromatids do not separate at the centromeres in anaphase I

Purines and pyrimidines are...

Classification groups of nitrogen bases

Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a(n)...

Codon

RNA differs from DNA in that RNA...

Contains nitrogen base Uracil

During interphase, a cell grows, duplicates organelles, and...

Copies DNA

Which of the following does not provide new genetic combinations?

Cytokinesis

During cytokinesis, in the female, what divides unequally?

Cytoplasm

The organelle that modifies, sects, and packages protein is the...

Cytoplasm

The amount of guanine in an organism always equals the amount of...

Cytosine

Which of the diagrams above depicts a cell at the beginning of mitosis?

D

The genetic material that provides instructions for making proteins is..

DNA

The enzymes that unwind DNA during replication are called

DNA helicases

Watson and Crick built the models that demonstrated that...

DNA made of two strands that twist into a double helix

X-ray defraction photographs by Wilkins and Franklin suggest that...

DNA molecules are arranged as a tightly coiled helix

The enzymes responsible for adding nucleotides to the exposed DNA loses during replication are

DNA polymerases

The synthesis (S) phase is characterized by...

DNA replication

The central dogma states that information flows from

DNA to RNA to proteins

Crossing-over occurs...

During prophase I

Which of the diagrams above depicts a cell at the end of meiosis I?

E

The series of molecules that cause protons to build up on one side of a membrane is a(n)...

Electron transport chain

The organelle that makes proteins and other substances through the cell is...?

Endoplasmic reticulum

In the lock-and-key model of enzyme function shown in figure 2.2, what is happening in step 2?

Enzyme is causing new bonds to form between substrates

Identify the type of cell shown in figure 3.1

Eukaryotic

Which process is occurring when a vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents outside the cells?

Exocytosis

Which process requires no energy from the cell?

Facilitated diffusion

Both animal fats and plant oils are made up of glycerol and...

Fatty acids

Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of...?

Fatty acids

Name of the process that takes place when organic compounds are broken down in the absence of oxygen is...

Fermentation

Sexual reproduction includes...

Fertilization

A solution that is hypotonic to a cell has...

Fewer solutes than the cell

The function of rRNA is to...

Form ribosomes

At which stage of scientific thinking are scientists most likely to consider the data and conclusions of other scientists to propose new experiments?

Forming hypothesis

Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the cell cycle?

G1--> S--> Gs--> Mitosis--> Cytokinesis

Refer to the illustration above. Which of the following could represent the strand of DNA from which the mRNA strand CUC-AAG-UGC-UUC was made?

GAG-TTC-ACG-AAG

Refer to the illustration above. The anitcodons for the codons in the mRNA with the sequence CUCAAGUGCUUC

GAG-UUC-ACG-AAG

During DNA replication, a complementary strand of DNA is made from each original DNA strand. Thus, if a protein of the original strand is CGTAGCT, then the new strand will be...

GGATCGA

Figure 8.1 shows a single strand of DNA. Choose the first three nucleotides of the other DNA strand

GGC

Diploid : Somatic cell :: Haploid :

Gamete

Which of the following statements about glucose is correct?

Glucose is a less stable carbon compound than CO2 is

Before cellular respiration, glucose must be broken down by the process of...

Glycolysis

Refer to the illustration above. Structure 5 is...

Golgi Apparatus

Refer to the illustration above.. The structure labeled 4 is...

Golgi Apparatus

Adenine: Thymine ::

Guanine : Cytosine

In alternation of generations, a diploid spore-forming cell gives rise to four...

Haploid spores

Two similar chromosomes that you inherit from your parents (one from mom, one from dad) are called?

Homologous chromosomes

Which of the following is the best explanation for the presence of both chloroplasts and mitochondria in plant cells?

Sugars are produced in chloroplasts. These sugars can be stored and used by the mitochondria to produce ATP.

Chemosynthesis is a process through which some organisms use energy from chemicals in their environment to build sugars in the absence of...

Sunlight

Which of the following is not a reason cells divide?

Surface area-to-volume ratio becomes too large

Refer to the illustration above. The cell shown in diagram 5 is in...

Telophase

Because of photosynthesis...

The atmosphere is rich in oxygen gas

Which of the following is not true about DNA replication?

The new DNA molecule has 2 newly made strands

Which of the following does NOT affect the final outcome of gene expression?

The number of amino acids in the protein being produced

Which of the following statements about prokaryotes is correct?

Their evolution preceded that of eukaryotes

Where in plant cells are the energy-absorbing molecules for photosynthesis located?

Thylakoids

Which of the following is NOT found in RNA?

Thymine

While one type of electron transport chain of photosynthesis is used to form molecules of ATP, a second electron transport chain is used...

To form molecules of NADPH


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