Final Exam Review
Which of the diagrams above depicts a cell at the end of meiosis II?
A
The chromosome of a bacterium...
has a circular shape
Which phrase best describes scientific theories?
"Are never proven"
Which phrase best describes the Rough ER?
"Studded with ribosomes"
How many chromosomes are in the body cell of an organism that has a haploid number of 8?
16
How many amino acids are coded for by the strand of mRNA shown below? Assume the reading frame begins with the first nucleotide. CGAUAC
2
Refer to the illustration above. Mitosis begins with the stage shown in diagram...
2
ATP is composed of nitrogenous base, a sugar, and...
3 phosphate groups
Refer to the illustration above. The process shown is...
Meiosis
To create new haploid cells during the haploid life cycle, the zygote undergoes...
Meiosis
Separation of homologous occurs during
Meiosis I
Only eukaryotic cells have...?
Membrane-bound organelles
During transcription, the genetic information for making a protein is "rewritten" as a molecule of...
Messenger RNA
All the chemical processes used to build up or break down materials is an organisms...
Metabolism
The phase of mitosis that is characterized by the arrangement of all the chromosomes along the equator of the cell is called?
Metaphase
What kind of cytoskeleton fibers could help a cell change shape to fit into a space?
Microfilaments
A cell that requires a lot of energy might contain large numbers of...
Mitochondria
Which organelles supply energy to the cell?
Mitochondria
During which of the following stages shown in figure 5.1 does the cytoplasm of a cell divide?
Mitosis
Low temperatures may cause photosynthesis to occur...
More slowly
Organisms that are not autotrophs...?
Must consume other organisms to get energy
Double membrane surrounding the nucleus is called the...
Nuclear envelope
The entire molecule shown in the diagram above is called a(n)
Nucleotide
In humans, where does DNA replication take place?
Nucleus
Refer to the illustration above.. Structure 2 is...
Nucleus
Which organelle is the storehouse for most of the cell's genetic information?
Nucleus
Mitosis is the process by which
Nucleus divided into 2 nuclei
In order to produce all the protein that a cell needs, transcription takes place
On a gene segment over and over again
In humans, the male determines the sex of the child because males have
One "X" and one "Y" chromosome
What level of organization is the small intestine?
Organ
A structure with a eukaryotic cell that carries out specific activities inside the cell is called a(n)
Organelle
Which scientist conducted tests on extracts made of bacteria to show that the genetic material in bacteria is DNA?
Oswald Avery
Cells produce ATP most efficiently in the presence of...
Oxygen
Which cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and DNA?
All cells
Refer to the illustration above. The cell in diagram 1 is in...
Anaphase
Which of the following organisms do not carry out photosynthesis?
Animals
Where are bond ribosomes located?
Attached to membranes
Transcription beings when RNA polymerase...
Attaches to the promoter sequence of a gene
Which of the following is an example of a prokaryotic cell?
Bacterium
Main difference between the four nucleotides that make up DNA is that they have different...
Bases
During replication, the function of the enzyme DNA polymerase is to
Bind nucleotides together
At the very beginning of translation, the first tRNA molecule...
Binds to the mRNA's start codon
Both of the processes shown in figure 1.2 use and apply biological processes. Both processes are examples of...
Biotechnology
What is unique about carbon?
Bonding properties
The process of cellular respiration...
Brakes down food molecules to release stored energy
Refer to the illustration above.. Which of the following correctly indicates the order in which these events occur?
C,B,A,D
Identify the products in this reaction: 6HO+ 6CO+CHO+6O
C6 H12 O6+6O2
Which of the following is a reactant in photosynthesis?
CO2
During the final stage of photosynthesis, sugars are produced from...
Carbon dioxide
Each of the following is a type of RNA except
Carrier RNA
Transfer RNA
Carries an amino acid to its correct codon
Cytokinesis in plant cells involves the formation of...
Cell plate
Which of the following pairs contains unrelated items?
Cell wall-animal cell
Scientists use observations and data to form and test...
Hypotheses
Where is messenger RNA "edited" into into final form?
In the nucleus
Refer to the illustration above. Graph A demonstrates that the rate of photosynthesis...
Increases in response to increasing light intensity, but only to a certain point
As light intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis...
Increases until the light saturation point is reached
The first 3 phases of the cell cycle are collectively known as...
Interphase
Which type of receptor is shown in the diagram figure 3.2?
Intracellular
During transcription, what does messenger RNA do?
It delivers DNA's instructions for making proteins
Chromatids are..
Joined strands of duplicated genetic material
Refer to the illustration above. What is the portion of the protein molecule coded for by a piece of mRNA with the sequence CUCAAGUGCUUC?
Leu-Lys-Cys-Phe
The water molecules labeled A in figure 4.1 are going to the thylakoids to take part in which process?
Light-dependent reactions
When a chromosome condenses...
Looped domains coil into a structure
Which organelles contain enzymes that break down old cell parts?
Lysosomes
Which statement describes the chromosome shown in figure 5.2?
Made up of two chromosomes
The major atmospheric by-product of photosynthesis is...
Oxygen
RNA is chemically similar to DNA except that the sugar in RNA has an additional
Oxygen atoms
Which of the following environmental factors does not affect the rate of photosynthesis?
Oxygen concentration
Which of the following is not a type of sexual life cycle?
Parthenogenesis
Transport proteins play a role in both:
Passive and active transport
Which of the following directly provides the energy needed for cell function?
Phosphate group removed from ATP
Light energy is converted to chemical energy through the process of...
Photosynthesis
Which process occurs inside the chloroplast?
Photosynthesis
Which of the following statements is true?
Plant cells and animal cells have different strategies for cytokinesis.
What do chloroplasts and mitochondria have in common?
Production of ATP
Microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate fibers are three kinds of cytoskeleton
Protein fibers
In eukaryotes, the cell cycle is controlled by...
Proteins
The four main types of carbon-based molecules in organisms are carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and...
Proteins
NADPH is important in photosynthesis because it...
Provides high-energy electrons needed to store energy in organic molecules.
Hydrogen ion pumps found in the thylakoid membrans are directly responsible for...
Providing energy to produce ATP molecules
Of the four nitrogen bases in DNA, which two are purines and which two are pyrimidines?
Purines: Adenine, Guanine Pyrimidines: Thymine, Cytosine
During transcription
RNA is produced
Transcription, which is a stage of gene expression, is the process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is transferred to a(n)
RNA molecule
Which aspect of chemical reaction is affected by enzymes?
Rate
As a result of mitosis, each of the 2 new cells produced from the parent cell during cytokinesis...
Receives an exact copy of all chromosomes present its parent cell
Chlorophyll is green because...
Reflects green wavelengths of light
All of the following are true about DNA replication in prokaryotic cell except...
Replication begins at many sites along the DNA
Which of the following is NOT a part of a molecule of DNA?
Ribose
Refer to the illustration above. Which structure packages proteins for distribution?
Ribosome
In a cell, proteins are made on the...
Ribosomes
Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes containing genes that code for...
Same traits
Which of the following is true of both DNA and some proteins?
Separate from cytoplasm
The X and Y chromosomes are called...
Sex chromosomes
The process of producing offspring is called reproduction and can be...
Sexual or asexual
Which event takes place during anaphase II of meiosis II?
Sister chromatids separate
Which of the following solutions has the highest H ion of concentration?
Solution of pH of 1
Which of the following cell types is diploid?
Somatic cell
Similar organisms that can reproduce by interbreeding being to the same...
Species
The space inside the inner membrane of a chloroplast is called...
Stroma
Refer to the illustration above.. Which structure produces vesicles filled with proteins?
Structure 1
Refer to the illustration above. Which structure immediately identifies this cell as a eukaryotic?
Structure 2
Refer to the illustration above.. In eukaryotic cells, DNA is found in...
Structure 2
Refer to the illustration above. Which structure acts as a boundary between the outside environment and the inside of the cell?
Structure 4
Which substance represented in figure 2.1 (A or B) is the solvent?
Substance A
when a phosphate group is removed from an ATP molecule...
Substantial amount of energy is released
The part of the molecule for which DNA is named is the..
Sugar
A nucleotide consists of...
Sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base
When electrons of a chlorophyll molecule are raised to a higher energy level, they...
Transferred to an electron carrier
in RNA molecules, adenine is complementary to...
Uracil
What happens to the sugars that are made during photosynthesis?
Used for cellular respiration
Refer to the illustration above. Structure 3 is a(n)
Vesicle
The source of oxygen produced during photosynthesis is...
Water
The scientists credited with establishing the structure of DNA are...
Watson and Crick
Which scientists figured out the three-dimensional structure of DNA by using a model of metal and wood?
Watson and Crick
Normal human males develop from fertilized eggs containing which of the following sex chromosomes combinations?
XY
All the following are found in both plant and animal cells, except...
A cell wall
A spindle fiber is a specialized form of
A microtubule
When glycolysis occurs...
A molecule of glucose is split
Refer to the illustration above. Suppose that you are given a protein containing the sequence of amino acids: tyrosine, proline, aspectice, acide, isoleumia, and cytosine. Use the portion of the genetic code given to delivering which of the following contains a DNA sequence that codes for this amino acid sequence?
ATG-GGT-CTA-TAT-ACG
Refer to the illustration above.. The cell uses structure 3 to...
ATP
What molecule carries chemical energy that cells use for their functions?
ATP
ATP is called a cell's energy "currency" because...
ATP can be "made" in one place and "spent" or used in another
An enzyme that catalyzed the synthesis of ATP is...
ATP syntheses
Figure 8.2 shows a single strand of DNA. Choose the first three nucleotides of the complementary RNA strand.
AUC
The attachments of nucleotides to form a complementary strand of DNA during replication...
Accomplished by DNA polymerase
Which of the following is part of the cell theory?
Cells= basic units of structure and function in organisms
Which process is best represented by the following chemical equation?
Cellular respiration
Plant cells have a large membrane-bound compartment in which water, waste products, and nutrients can be stored. This compartment is called the...
Central vacuole
The carbon cycle makes carbon compounds continuously available in an ecosystem and delivers...
Chemical energy to organisms within the ecosystem
The organelles associated with plant photosynthesis are the...
Chloroplasts
Difference between anaphase of mitosis and anaphase I of meiosis is that...
Chromatids do not separate at the centromeres in anaphase I
Purines and pyrimidines are...
Classification groups of nitrogen bases
Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a(n)...
Codon
RNA differs from DNA in that RNA...
Contains nitrogen base Uracil
During interphase, a cell grows, duplicates organelles, and...
Copies DNA
Which of the following does not provide new genetic combinations?
Cytokinesis
During cytokinesis, in the female, what divides unequally?
Cytoplasm
The organelle that modifies, sects, and packages protein is the...
Cytoplasm
The amount of guanine in an organism always equals the amount of...
Cytosine
Which of the diagrams above depicts a cell at the beginning of mitosis?
D
The genetic material that provides instructions for making proteins is..
DNA
The enzymes that unwind DNA during replication are called
DNA helicases
Watson and Crick built the models that demonstrated that...
DNA made of two strands that twist into a double helix
X-ray defraction photographs by Wilkins and Franklin suggest that...
DNA molecules are arranged as a tightly coiled helix
The enzymes responsible for adding nucleotides to the exposed DNA loses during replication are
DNA polymerases
The synthesis (S) phase is characterized by...
DNA replication
The central dogma states that information flows from
DNA to RNA to proteins
Crossing-over occurs...
During prophase I
Which of the diagrams above depicts a cell at the end of meiosis I?
E
The series of molecules that cause protons to build up on one side of a membrane is a(n)...
Electron transport chain
The organelle that makes proteins and other substances through the cell is...?
Endoplasmic reticulum
In the lock-and-key model of enzyme function shown in figure 2.2, what is happening in step 2?
Enzyme is causing new bonds to form between substrates
Identify the type of cell shown in figure 3.1
Eukaryotic
Which process is occurring when a vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents outside the cells?
Exocytosis
Which process requires no energy from the cell?
Facilitated diffusion
Both animal fats and plant oils are made up of glycerol and...
Fatty acids
Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of...?
Fatty acids
Name of the process that takes place when organic compounds are broken down in the absence of oxygen is...
Fermentation
Sexual reproduction includes...
Fertilization
A solution that is hypotonic to a cell has...
Fewer solutes than the cell
The function of rRNA is to...
Form ribosomes
At which stage of scientific thinking are scientists most likely to consider the data and conclusions of other scientists to propose new experiments?
Forming hypothesis
Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the cell cycle?
G1--> S--> Gs--> Mitosis--> Cytokinesis
Refer to the illustration above. Which of the following could represent the strand of DNA from which the mRNA strand CUC-AAG-UGC-UUC was made?
GAG-TTC-ACG-AAG
Refer to the illustration above. The anitcodons for the codons in the mRNA with the sequence CUCAAGUGCUUC
GAG-UUC-ACG-AAG
During DNA replication, a complementary strand of DNA is made from each original DNA strand. Thus, if a protein of the original strand is CGTAGCT, then the new strand will be...
GGATCGA
Figure 8.1 shows a single strand of DNA. Choose the first three nucleotides of the other DNA strand
GGC
Diploid : Somatic cell :: Haploid :
Gamete
Which of the following statements about glucose is correct?
Glucose is a less stable carbon compound than CO2 is
Before cellular respiration, glucose must be broken down by the process of...
Glycolysis
Refer to the illustration above. Structure 5 is...
Golgi Apparatus
Refer to the illustration above.. The structure labeled 4 is...
Golgi Apparatus
Adenine: Thymine ::
Guanine : Cytosine
In alternation of generations, a diploid spore-forming cell gives rise to four...
Haploid spores
Two similar chromosomes that you inherit from your parents (one from mom, one from dad) are called?
Homologous chromosomes
Which of the following is the best explanation for the presence of both chloroplasts and mitochondria in plant cells?
Sugars are produced in chloroplasts. These sugars can be stored and used by the mitochondria to produce ATP.
Chemosynthesis is a process through which some organisms use energy from chemicals in their environment to build sugars in the absence of...
Sunlight
Which of the following is not a reason cells divide?
Surface area-to-volume ratio becomes too large
Refer to the illustration above. The cell shown in diagram 5 is in...
Telophase
Because of photosynthesis...
The atmosphere is rich in oxygen gas
Which of the following is not true about DNA replication?
The new DNA molecule has 2 newly made strands
Which of the following does NOT affect the final outcome of gene expression?
The number of amino acids in the protein being produced
Which of the following statements about prokaryotes is correct?
Their evolution preceded that of eukaryotes
Where in plant cells are the energy-absorbing molecules for photosynthesis located?
Thylakoids
Which of the following is NOT found in RNA?
Thymine
While one type of electron transport chain of photosynthesis is used to form molecules of ATP, a second electron transport chain is used...
To form molecules of NADPH
