Final Exam Vocabulary

Vertex

The common endpoint of two or more rays or line segments. Vertex typically means a corner or a point where lines meet. For example a square has four corners, each is called a vertex. The plural form of vertex is vertices.

Circumference

The distance around something.

Distributive Property

The distributive property lets you multiply a sum by multiplying each addend separately and then add the products.

Initial Value

The field of differential equations, an initial value problem is an ordinary differential equation together with a specified value, called the initial condition, of the unknown function at a given point in the domain of the solution

Greatest Common Factor

The greatest common divisor of two or more integers, which are not all zero, is the largest positive integer that divides each of the integers. For example, the GCD of 8 and 12 is 4.

X-Coordinate

The horizontal value in a pair of coordinates: how far along the point is. The X Coordinate is always written first in an ordered pair of coordinates (x,y), such as (12,5).

Hypotenuse

The longest side of a right triangle, opposite the right angle.

Cube Root

The number that produces a given number when cubed.

Inequality

The relation between two expressions that are not equal, employing a sign such as ≠ "not equal to," > "greater than," or < "less than.".

Same Side Interior Angles

The same-side interior angle theorem states that when two lines that are parallel are intersected by a transversal line, the same-side interior angles that are formed are supplementary, or add up to 180 degrees.

Slope Intercept Form

The slope-intercept form is simply the way of writing the equation of a line so that the slope (steepness) and y-intercept (where the line crosses the vertical y-axis) are immediately apparent. Often, this form is called y = mx + b form. This form of a line is one of the most commonly used in algebra classes.

Square Root

The square root of a number is a value that, when multiplied by itself, gives the number. Example: 4 × 4 = 16, so a square root of 16 is 4. Note that (−4) × (−4) = 16 too, so −4 is also a square root of 16. The symbol is √ which always means the positive square root. Example: √36 = 6 (because 6 x 6 = 36)

X-Intercept

The x-coordinate of a point where a line, curve, or surface intersects the x-axis.

Adjacent Angles

Two angles are Adjacent when they have a common side and a common vertex (corner point) and don't overlap.

Variable

Variable definition. A variable is a quantity that may change within the context of a mathematical problem or experiment. Typically, we use a single letter to represent a variable. The letters , , and are common generic symbols used for variables.

Collinear

(Of points) Lying in the same straight line.

Proportional

(of a variable quantity) Having a constant ratio to another quantity.

Slope

- Definition & Formulas. The slope is a measure of the steepness of a line, or a section of a line, connecting two points. In this lesson, you will use several different formulas for slope and learn how those formulas relate to the steepness of a line. Supplemental Math: Study Aid / Math Courses.

Simplify

1. To make less complicated, clearer, or easier. 2. (maths) To reduce (an equation, fraction, etc) to a simpler form by cancellation of common factors, regrouping of terms in the same variable, etc. simplification, noun.

Commutative Property

A binary operation is commutative if changing the order of the operands does not change the result.

Dependent Variable

A dependent variable is a variable whose value depends upon independent variable s. The dependent variable is what is being measured in an experiment or evaluated in a mathematical equation. The dependent variable is sometimes called "the outcome variable." In a simple mathematical equation, for example: a = b/c.

Input

A function is defined by its set of inputs, called the domain; a set containing the set of outputs, and possibly additional elements, as members, called its codomain; and the set of all input-output pairs, called its graph.

Leg

A leg of a triangle is one of its sides. For a right triangle, the term "leg" generally refers to a side other than the one opposite the right angle (which is termed the hypotenuse). Legs are also known as catheti. SEE ALSO: Cathetus, Hypotenuse, Triangle.

Line of Best Fit

A line of best fit is a straight line drawn through the center of a group of data points plotted on a scatter plot. Scatter plots depict the results of gathering data on two variables.

Linear

A linear equation is an algebraic equation in which each term is either a constant or the product of a constant and (the first power of) a single variable (however, different variables may occur in different terms). ... Linear equations occur frequently in most subareas of mathematics and especially in applied mathematics.

Coefficient

A multiplier or factor that measures some property.

Irrational Number

A number that cannot be expressed as a ratio between two integers and is not an imaginary number. If written in decimal notation, an irrational number would have an infinite number of digits to the right of the decimal point, without repetition. Pi and the square root of 2 (√2) are irrational numbers.

Ordered Pair

A pair of elements a, b having the property that ( a, b) = (u, v ) if and only if a = u, b = v.

Perfect Square

A perfect square is a number that has an whole number square root. For example, 25 is a perfect square, because is 5, a whole number. Here's a problem for you: Name the next perfect square higher than 25.

Coordinate Plane

A plane spanned by the x-axis and y-axis in which the coordinates of a point are its distances from two intersecting perpendicular axes

Ratio

A ratio is a relationship between two numbers indicating how many times the first number contains the second. For example, if a bowl of fruit contains eight oranges and six lemons, then the ratio of oranges to lemons is eight to six.

Rational Number

A rational number is any number that can be expressed as the quotient or fraction p/q of two integers, a numerator p and a non-zero denominator q. Since q may be equal to 1, every integer is a rational number.

Function

A relationship or expression involving one or more variables.

Scale Factor

A scale factor is a number which scales, or multiplies, some quantity. ... In the field of measurements, the scale factor of an instrument is sometimes referred to as sensitivity. The ratio of any two corresponding lengths in two similar geometric figures is also called a scale factor.

Transformation

A transformation is a general term for four specific ways to manipulate the shape of a point, a line, or shape. The original shape of the object is called the pre-image and the final shape and position of the object is the image under the transformation. Types of transformations in math. Translation. Reflection.

Independent Variable

A variable (often denoted by x ) whose variation does not depend on that of another.

Integer

A whole number; a number that is not a fraction.

Right Angle

An angle of 90°, as in a corner of a square or at the intersection of two perpendicular straight lines.

Equation

An equation is a statement of an equality containing one or more variables.

Expression

An expression or mathematical expression is a finite combination of symbols that is well-formed according to rules that depend on the context

Point of Intersection

An intersection is a point where two lines or streets cross. There are two places you're most likely to find intersections: in math class and in traffic. In math, an intersection is the spot where two lines cross. Those lines share this common point. The center of the letter X is an intersection.

Perpendicular

At an angle of 90° to a given line, plane, or surface.

Vertical Angles

Each of the pairs of opposite angles made by two intersecting lines.

Supplementary Angles

Either of two angles whose sum is 180°.

Complementary Angles

Either of two angles whose sum is 90°.

Equivalent

Equal in value, amount, function, meaning, etc.

Evaluate

Find a numerical expression or equivalent for (an equation, formula, or function).

Output

For instance, in the function y = x - 3, y is the output value, while x is the input value.

Equilateral

Having all its sides of the same length.

Congruent

Identical in form; coinciding exactly when superimposed.

Term

In Algebra a term is either a single number or variable, or numbers and variables multiplied together. Terms are separated by + or − signs.

Like Terms

In algebra, like terms are terms that have the same variables and powers. The coefficients do not need to match. Unlike terms are two or more terms that are not like terms, i.e. they do not have the same variables or powers. The order of the variables does not matter unless there is a power.

Linear Function

In calculus and related areas of mathematics, a linear function from the real numbers to the real numbers is a function whose graph is a line in the plane.

Non-Linear

In mathematics and physical sciences, a nonlinear system is a system in which the change of the output is not proportional to the change of the input.

Radical

In mathematics, a radical expression is defined as any expression containing a radical (√) symbol. Many people mistakenly call this a 'square root' symbol, and many times it is used to determine the square root of a number. However, it can also be used to describe a cube root, a fourth root, or higher.

Set

In mathematics, a set is a collection of distinct objects, considered as an object in its own right.

Pythagorean

In mathematics, the Pythagorean theorem, also known as Pythagoras' theorem, is a fundamental relation in Euclidean geometry among the three sides of a right triangle. It states that the square of the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle) is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides.

Y-Intercept

In the equation of a straight line (when the equation is written as "y = mx + b"), the slope is the number "m" that is multiplied on the x, and "b" is the y-intercept (that is, the point where the line crosses the vertical y-axis).

Origin

In two dimensions. On the flat coordinate plane, there are two axes, the vertical y-axis and the horizontal x-axis. The origin is the point where they intersect. This point has the coordinates 0,0 and is usually labelled with the letter O.

Infinitely Many Solutions

Infinite solutions would mean that any value for the variable would make the equation true.

Perimeter

Math Term Definition. Perimeter. The perimeter of a figure is the total distance around the edge of the figure. For example, a square whose sides are 6 inches long has a perimeter of 6 x 4 = 24 inches because it has 4 sides 6 inches long.

Prime Factorization

Math Term Definition. Prime factorization. Prime factorization is finding the factors of a number that are all prime. Here's how you do it: Find 2 factors of your number. Then look at your 2 factors and determine if one or both of them is not prime.

Substitution

Math definition of Substitution: Substitution - A strategy for solving systems of equations that include solving for one variable and using that solution to find the other variable. Subject : Math. Topic : Algebra 2.

Inverse

Mathematically, inverse operations are opposite operations. Addition is the opposite of subtraction; division is the opposite of multiplication, and so on. Inverse operations are used to solve simple algebraic equations to more difficult equations that involve exponents, logarithms, and trigonometry.

No Solution

No solution would mean that there is no answer to the equation. It is impossible for the equation to be true no matter what value we assign to the variable. Infinite solutions would mean that any value for the variable would make the equation true. No Solution Equations.

Area

Number of square units needed to cover a surface.

Parallel Lines

Parallel lines are two lines that are always the same distance apart and never touch. In order for two lines to be parallel, they must be drawn in the same plane, a perfectly flat surface like a wall or sheet of paper. ... Any line that has the same slope as the original will never intersect with it.

Rate of Change

ROC is often used when speaking about momentum, and it can generally be expressed as a ratio between a change in one variable relative to a corresponding change in another; graphically, the rate of change is represented by the slope of a line.

Unit Rate

Rates. ... When rates are expressed as a quantity of 1, such as 2 feet per second or 5 miles per hour, they are called unit rates. If you have a multiple-unit rate such as 120 students for every 3 buses, and want to find the single-unit rate, write a ratio equal to the multiple-unit rate with 1 as the second term.

Scientific Notation

Scientific notation is a mathematical expression used to represent a decimal number between 1 and 10 multiplied by ten, so you can write large numbers using less digits. An example of scientific notation is when you write 4 x 10³ for 4,000.

Similar Figures

Similar figures are figures that have the same shape, but may have different sizes. A polygon is a two-dimensional object with a minimum of three straight sides and three angles. ... Similar figures are proportional, so when two polygons are similar, the ratios of their corresponding sides are all equal.

Solve

Solve. To solve something is to find a solution, like figuring out the answer to a complex riddle. The verb solve is often used in mathematics, and it means to answer a math problem.

System of Linear Equations

Solving Systems by Addition. A "system" of equations is a set or collection of equations that you deal with all together at once. Linear equations (ones that graph as straight lines) are simpler than non-linear equations, and the simplest linear system is one with two equations and two variables.

Standard Form

Standard Form. more ... A general term meaning "written down in the way most commonly accepted" It depends on the subject: • For numbers it means "Expanded Form" (such as 125 = 100+20+5), but in Britain it means "Scientific Notation"

Y-Coordinate

The Y Coordinate is always written second in an ordered pair of coordinates (x,y) such as (12,5).

Absolute Value

The actual magnitude of a numerical value or measurement, irrespective of its relation to other values.

Constant

The adjective constant means non-varying. The noun constant may have two different meanings.

Exterior Angles

The angle between a side of a rectilinear figure and an adjacent side extended outward.

Corresponding Angles

The angles that occupy the same relative position at each intersection where a straight line crosses two others. If the two lines are parallel, the corresponding angles are equal.

Associative Property

The associative property is a property of some binary operations.