final kinesiology

distal end of axon

motor endplate

large cell body with a long axon

motor neuron

Which one-joint muscle extends the hip? A. Vastus intermedialis B. Semitendinosus C. Biceps femoris D. Gluteus maximus

gluteus maximus

The hand contains how many arches? A. 8 B. 6 C. 3 D. 1

3

Which muscle flexes the shoulder through its entire range? A. Teres major B. Subscapularis C. Pectoralis major, clavicular portion D. Anterior deltoid

Anterior deltoid

hook grip

the IP joints are flexed and the thumb does not participate

wrist drop

radial nerve

Which muscle does NOT make up the anatomical snuffbox? A. Abductor pollicis longus B. Abductor pollicis brevis C. Extensor pollicis brevis D. Extensor pollicis longus

Abductor pollicis brevis

In order to increase the challenge of a person working on balance, you could do which of the following? A. Raise the center of gravity and increase the base of support B. Raise the center of gravity and decrease the base of support C. Lower the center of gravity and increase the base of support D. Lower the center of gravity and decrease the base of support

B. Raise the center of gravity and decrease the base of support

A muscle that generates most of its force directed back into the joint is producing which type of force? A. Angular force B. Stabilizing force C. Dislocating force D. Force couple

B. Stabilizing force

The law of motion best demonstrated when a person in a wheelchair gains speed when she pushes on the rims is the A. law of inertia. B. law of acceleration. C. law of action-reaction. D. law of physics.

B. law of acceleration.

Which of the following groups are the prime movers in elbow flexion? A. Biceps, supinator, and brachialis B. Biceps, pronator teres, and supinator C. Brachialis, biceps, and brachioradialis D. Brachialis, brachioradialis, and anconeus

Brachialis, biceps, and brachioradialis

A common elbow pathology often caused by repetitive wrist extension activities is which of the following? A. Tendonitis of biceps tendon B. Lateral epicondylitis C. Volkmann's ischemic contracture D. Medial epicondylitis

Lateral epicondylitis

Which of the following muscles perform shoulder hyperextension? A. Teres major B. Latissimus dorsi C. Anconeus D. Infraspinatus

Latissimus dorsi

The type of end feel that is defined by a lack of normal mechanical limitation of joint ROM due to pain is A. capsular. B. soft. C. empty D. boggy

C. empty.

The type of machine that consists of a grooved wheel that turns on an axle with a rope or cable is a(n) A. movable pulley. B. wheel and axle. C. fixed pulley. D. inclined plane.

C. fixed pulley.

A person experiencing "foot drop" has damage to which of the following nerves? A. Radial nerve B. Common peroneal nerve C. Femoral nerve D. Median nerve

Common peroneal nerve

A common type of fracture seen in those with osteoporosis is which of the following? A. Torticollis B. Compression fracture C. Hangman's fracture D. Spondylolisthesis

Compression fracture

Ligaments

Connect bone to bone

Tendon

Connects muscle to bone

conductor of impulses from the cell body

axon

Which type of range of motion (ROM) is defined as movement of a joint created by the individual's own force? a. 0 ROM b. Active assistive c. You Answered Passive d. Active

d. Active

_______________________ is defined as the use of principles and methods of mechanics and applying them to the structure of the human body. a. Arthrokinematics b. Biomechanics c. Osteokinematics d. Kinesiology

b. Biomechanics

The triceps is responsible for which of the following actions? A. Forearm supination B. Elbow flexion and forearm supination C. Elbow extension and wrist radial deviation D. Elbow extension

Elbow extension

posterior pelvic tilt

Entire pelvis tilted backward in the frontal plane Hip extention and lumbar flexes (kyphosis) (upper back is leaned forward stomach back)

What muscles make up the anatomical snuff-box?

Extensor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Abductor pollicis longus

Gravity is always directed upward, toward the center of the earth. True or False

False

In an erect posture, scapular elevation is moving against gravity and is produced by a eccentric contraction of the upper trapezius and levator scapula muscles. True or False

False

At which level of the spinal column is damage to the spinal cord no longer a concern? A. T8 B. T10 C. C7 D. L1

L1

Lumbrical or plate

MCP joints flex and the PIP and DIP joints extend; thumb opposes the fingers

Which ligament spans the elbow longitudinally (long ways) on the little finger side of the elbow? A. Lateral collateral ligament B. Proximal radioulnar ligament C. Annular ligament D. Medial collateral ligament

Medial collateral ligament

Weakness of the pectoralis minor muscle could indicate trauma to which of the following nerves? A. Dorsal scapular nerve B. Medial pectoral nerve C. Cranial nerve XI D. Long thoracic nerve

Medial pectoral nerve

The latissimus dorsi, subscapularis, and anterior deltoid have which of the following shoulder motions in common? A. Adduction B. Lateral rotation C. Medial rotation D. Flexion

Medial rotation

Carpal tunnel syndrome involves compression of which of the following nerves? A. Median B. radial C. brachial D. ulnar

Median

The bony landmark of the ulna, which forms the prominent posterior point of the elbow, is which of the following? A. Radial head B. Olecranon process C. Coronoid process D. Olecranon fossa

Olecranon process

Pad to side or lateral prehension

Pad of the extended thumb presses an object against the radial side of the index finger

pad-to-pad grip

Pad of thumb is touched to pad of a finger;MCP and PIP joints of the fingers are flexed; thumb is adducted and the distal IP joints of both are extended

If a person repeatedly falls on an outstretched hand (extended wrist) while snowboarding, they are at increased risk for a sprain to which of the following ligaments? A. Radial collateral ligament B. Dorsal radiocarpal ligament C. Palmar radiocarpal ligament D. Ulnar collateral ligament

Palmar radiocarpal ligament

The three wrist extensors are innervated by which nerve? A. Ulnar nerve B. Musculocutaneous nerve C. Radial nerve D. Median nerve

Radial nerve

Weakness of the triceps brachii muscle could indicate trauma to which of the following nerves? A. Ulnar nerve B. Median nerve C. Radial nerve D. Musculocutaneous nerve

Radial nerve

A client who needs a stretch to the middle trapezius and rhomboids must position the scapula in which of the following positions? A. Scapular depression B. Scapular retraction C. Scapular protraction D. Scapular downward rotation

Scapular protraction

Which muscle is responsible for scapular protraction? A. Pectoralis major B. Middle trapezius C. Coracobrachialis D. Serratus anterior

Serratus anterior

Having paralysis of the ankle dorsiflexors would cause which type of gait? A. Sore foot limp B. Bell clapper gait C. Steppage gait D. Rocking horse gait

Steppage gait

soft end feel

Stoppage of range of motion due to tight soft tissue pulling the structure in the opposite way.

Which type of bone makes up the dense, hard outer shell? a. Compact bone b. Cancellous bone c. Marrow d. Periosteum

a. Compact bone

concave hip flexion

acetabulum

How many bones make up the human skeleton? a. 80 b. 126 c. 206 d. 217

c. 206

transmits impulses toward cell body

dendrite

convex hip flexion

femoral head

Scapular winging

long thoracic nerve

ape hand

median nerve

conducts nerve impulses from the neuron

nerve fiber

collection of dendrites located near the intervertebral foramen

posterior root

gap between neurons

synapse

tip-to-tip or pincer grip

tip of thumb is touching the tip of another digit

A person experiencing pain on the superior lateral aspect of the scapula may have pathology involving which of the following structures? a. Acromion process b. Glenoid fossa c. Coracoid process d. Deltoid tubercle

a. Acromion process

Which type of motion occurs when all the parts move different distances, such as when a person grasps an overhead exercise bar and pulls it down? a. Angular motion b. Linear motion c. Kinematic motion d. Torque motion

a. Angular motion

In anatomical position, the thumb is located where in relation to the fingers? a. Medial b. Lateral c. Proximal d. Distal

b. Lateral

The fibula is on which side of the lower leg? a. Medial b. Lateral c. Proximal d. Distal

b. Lateral

A common elbow pathology often caused by repetitive wrist extension activities is which of the following? a. Medial epicondylitis b. Lateral epicondylitis c. Tendonitis of biceps tendon d. Volkmann's ischemic contracture

b. Lateral epicondylitis

Stretching a multi-joint muscle is achieved by positioning the joints to cause the muscle to be in its ___________________ ________________________. a. Shortened position b. Lengthened position c. Resting position d. Both A and B

b. Lengthened position

Which type of motion occurs when all the parts move in the same distance, such as when a person steps forward to release a bowling ball? a. Angular motion b. Linear motion c. Kinematic motion d. Torque motion

b. Linear motion

Weakness of the pronator teres muscle could indicate trauma to which of the following nerves? a. Musculocutaneous nerve b. Median nerve c. Ulnar nerve d. Radial nerve

b. Median nerve

According to the convex-concave law, the convex femoral head during hip flexion moves in which direction in relation to the direction the femur moves? a. Same direction b. Opposite direction c. First the same direction, then the opposite direction at the end of the movement d. It depends on whether the person is standing or lying down.

b. Opposite direction

Moving your scapula away from the midline is used to describe which joint motion: a. Abduction b. Protraction c. Adduction d. Retraction

b. Protraction

Which muscle is responsible for scapular protraction? a. Pectoralis major b. Serratus anterior c. Coracobrachialis d. Middle trapezius

b. Serratus anterior

The rotator cuff muscles serve to hold the humeral head against the glenoid fossa and best serve to facilitate which arthrokinematic motion of the shoulder joint? a. Roll b. Spin c. Glide d. Shear

b. Spin

A muscle that generates most of its force directed back into the joint is producing which type of force? a. Angular force b. Stabilizing force c. Dislocating force d. Force couple

b. Stabilizing force

The carrying angle at the elbow exists because of which of the following phenomena at the distal end of the humerus? a. The lateral structures extend farther distally than the medial structures. b. The distal end of the humerus is not level. c. The anterior structures extend farther distally than the posterior structures. d. The posterior structures extend farther distally than the anterior structures.

b. The distal end of the humerus is not level.

A biaxial joint allows motion in how many directions? a. One b. Two c. Three d. None of the above

b. Two

Motions occurring within the joint that are necessary for joint motion but are not under voluntary control are called a. osteokinematic movement. b. accessory movement. c. springy block. d. manipulation

b. accessory movement.

The deltoid muscle can effectively contract through its entire ROM because of the upward rotation of the scapula, which serves to maintain tension in the deltoid muscle. If the deltoid loses tension, it becomes: a. passively insufficient b. actively insufficient c. noncontractile d. none of the above

b. actively insufficient

A flat, thin, fibrous sheet of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to another part is called? a. linea alba. b. aponeurosis. c. elastic cartilage. d. labrum.

b. aponeurosis.

Which of the following is NOT true of an eccentric contraction? a. contraction produces a greater force than an concentric contraction b. contraction is used as an acceleration activity c. muscle attachments move farther apart d. movement occurs with gravity

b. contraction is used as an acceleration activity

A bone marking that consists of a sharp ridge or border is called a a. foramen. b. crest. c. head. d. fossa.

b. crest.

A movement of one bone on another bone to cause an increase in joint angle is called a. flexion. b. extension. c. rotation. d. circumduction.

b. extension.

A ____________________ is an apparatus used to measure joint angles. a. dynamometer b. goniometer c. Facet d. Epicondyle

b. goniometer

The bony landmark of the scapula that exists where the vertebral and axillary borders meet is the a. superior angle. b. inferior angle. c. spine. d. acromion process.

b. inferior angle.

The membrane that surrounds the bone and contains nerves and blood vessels is the a. epiphysis. b. periosteum. c. medullary canal. d. metaphysis.

b. periosteum.

The type of arthrokinematic motion characterized by rotation of the movable joint surface on the fixed adjacent surface is called a. roll. b. spin. c. glide. d. Any of the above.

b. spin.

Which of the following is NOT true of a concentric contraction? a. muscle attachments move closer together b. this type of contraction produces less of a force than an eccentric contraction c. movement occurs against gravity d. a concentric contraction is on acceleration activity

b. this type of contraction produces less of a force than an eccentric contraction

__________________ is synonymous with wrist adduction. a. radial deviation b. ulnar deviation c. supination d. pronation

b. ulnar deviation

A client who needs a stretch to the middle trapezius and rhomboids must position the scapula in which of the following positions? a. Scapular protraction b. Scapular retraction c. Scapular depression d. Scapular downward rotation

a. Scapular protraction

You can make a tighter fist with your wrist extended than with your wrist flexed because of: a. active insufficiency of the finger flexors b. active insufficiency of the finger extensors c. passive insufficiency of the finger flexors d. passive insufficiency of the finger extensors

a. active insufficiency of the finger flexors

Muscles that are primarily responsible for producing a specific movement are called the ____________________. a. agonists b. antagonists c. stabilizers d. neutralizers

a. agonists

Kinetic chain movement depends on whether the distal segment is fixed (____________________) or free to move (_______________________________). a. closed-chain, open chain b. open chain, closed chain c. closed chain, closed chain d. open chain, open chain

a. closed-chain, open chain

Sliding your foot under your chair to prepare to stand involves knee a. flexion. b. extension. c. inversion. d. abduction.

a. flexion.

A bone marking that consists of a hole through which vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass is called a a. foramen. b. crest. c. head. d. fossa.

a. foramen.

When considered together, the right arm and leg can be referred to as __________________________. a. ipsilateral b. contralateral c. bilateral d. unilateral

a. ipsilateral

The ability of a muscle to respond to a stimulus is referred to as which of the following? a. irritability b. contractility c. extensibility d. elasticity

a. irritability

Turning your head to look over your left shoulder involves cervical a. left rotation. b. right rotation. c. left lateral bend. d. right lateral bend.

a. left rotation.

In moving from anatomical position into fundamental position, the forearm moves into a. pronation. b. supination. c. inversion. d. eversion.

a. pronation.

connects scapula to clavicle

acromioclavicular ligament

spherical grip

all the fingers and thumb are abducted and then flexed around an object

collection of axons located near the intervertebral foramen

anterior root

acts as a shock absorber

articular disk

If a person threw a Frisbee and wanted wrist radial deviation, which muscle group would be the antagonist? a. Wrist radial deviators b. wrist ulnar deviators c. wrist flexors d. wrist extensors

b. wrist ulnar deviators

The nerve plexus formed by the rami of C5 through T1 is called the A. lumbosacral plexus. B. thoracic plexus. C. cervical plexus. D. brachial plexus.

brachial plexus

When a patient using a walker bears weight through the wrists, what type of accessory motion force is occurring at the wrist joints? a. Shear b. Traction c. Approximation/compression d. Rotation forces

c. Approximation/compression

the wrist is an example of which type of joint? a. Nonaxial b. Uniaxial c. Biaxial d. Triaxial

c. Biaxial

When a condition involves both of the legs, which of the following terms best describes this situation? a. Unilateral b. Ipsilateral c. Bilateral d. Contralateral

c. Bilateral

What type of structure is located where tendons pass over a bone or joint and serves to decrease friction? a. Cartilage b. Fat pad c. Bursa d. Fibrocartilage

c. Bursa

Which bony landmark of the humerus is located on the lateral side near the midpoint of the shaft? a. Bicipital groove b. Lesser tubercle c. Deltoid tuberosity d. Humeral head

c. Deltoid tuberosity

The triceps is responsible for which of the following actions? a. Elbow flexion and forearm supination b. Forearm supination c. Elbow extension d. Elbow extension and wrist radial deviation

c. Elbow extension

The type of arthrokinematic motion characterized by linear movement of a joint surface parallel to the plane of the adjoining joint surface is which of the following? a. Roll b. Spin c. Glide d. Shear

c. Glide

When a person abducts the shoulder to 90 degrees, then moves the arm forward (moving their arm across the body at shoulder level), what is that motion called? a. Medial rotation b. Lateral rotation c. Horizontal adduction d. Horizontal abduction

c. Horizontal adduction

A contraction that causes no joint movement while producing muscle fiber tension is: a. Isokinetic contraction b. Isotonic contraction c. Isometric contraction d. eccentric contraction

c. Isometric contraction

Passive oscillatory motions applied by external force are referred to as: a. Manipulation b. Joint play c. Joint mobilization d. Component movements

c. Joint mobilization

____________________________ is the study of human movement. a. Bio-mechanics b. Arthrokinematics c. Kinesiology d. Osteokinematics

c. Kinesiology

Which of the following muscles perform shoulder hyperextension? a. Teres major b. Anconeus c. Latissimus dorsi d. Infraspinatus

c. Latissimus dorsi

The two bones of a joint are held together and supported by which of the following structures? a. Tendon b. Bursa c. Ligament d. Fibrocartilage

c. Ligament

Which ligament spans the elbow longitudinally (long ways) on the little finger side of the elbow? a. Lateral collateral ligament b. Annular ligament c. Medial collateral ligament d. Proximal radioulnar ligament

c. Medial collateral ligament

If shoulder girdle retraction is the desired motion, which two muscles are agonists in this motion? a. Pectoralis minor and pectoralis major b. Levator scapula and upper trapezius c. Middle trapezius and rhomboids d. Serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi

c. Middle trapezius and rhomboids

A client who needs scapular depressor strengthening would need attention to which of the following muscles? a. Rhomboids and middle trapezius b. Serratus anterior and pectoralis minor c. Pectoralis minor and lower trapezius d. Pectoralis minor and pectoralis major

c. Pectoralis minor and lower trapezius

The scapula is an example of which type of bone? a. Short b. Flat c. Irregular d. Sesamoid

b. Flat

__________________________ is a push or pull action. a. Vector b. Force c. Scalar d. Friction

b. Force

________________ tends to prevent motion of one surface across another, such as when you slide across hardwood floors in your sock-feet, compared to sliding across carpeting in your sock-feet. a. Ground reaction force b. Friction c. Vector d. Parallel forces

b. Friction

Winging of the scapula is caused by weakness of which shoulder girdle muscle? a. Pectoralis minor b. Levator scapula c. Serratus anterior d. Middle trapezius

c. Serratus anterior

Which of the following types of joints is NOT a fibrous joint? a. Gomphosis b. Synarthrosis c. Synovial joint d. Syndesmosis

c. Synovial joint

The ligament that forms an arch over the head of the humerus is the a. coracoclavicular ligament. b. costoclavicular ligament. c. coracoacromial ligament. d. interclavicular ligament.

c. coracoacromial ligament.

An inclined plane exchanges _________________ for ________________________. a. force, speed b. distance, force c. distance, effort d. speed, distance

c. distance, effort

The ability of a muscle to recoil or return to normal resting length after a stretching or shortening force is removed is called: a. irritability b. contractility c. elasticity d. extensibility

c. elasticity

The type of end feel that is defined by a lack of normal mechanical limitation of joint ROM is a. capsular. b. soft. c. empty. d. empty.

c. empty.

A bone marking that consists of a rounded anterior projection is called a a. foramen. b. crest. c. head. d. fossa.

c. head.

The broad, flat membrane located longitudinally between the radius and the ulna is called the a. thoracolumbar fascia. b. joint capsule. c. interosseous membrane. d. annular ligament.

c. interosseous membrane.

Constant speed with variable resistance = what type of contraction? a. isotonic b. isometric c. isokinetic d. concentric

c. isokinetic

The type of bone that makes up most of the appendicular skeleton is the a. irregular bone. b. flat bone. c. long bone. d. sesamoid bone.

c. long bone.

Which of the following is a true statement regarding oblique muscle fibers? a. oblique muscle fibers tend to be longer than parrallel fibers, thus having more strength potential than parallel fibers b. oblique muscle fibers tend to be longer than parallel fibers, thus having less strength potential than parallel fibers c. oblique muscle fibers tend to be shorter than parallel fibers, thus having more strength potential than parallel fibers d. oblique muscle fibers tend to be shorter than parallel fibers, thus having less strength potential than parallel fibers

c. oblique muscle fibers tend to be shorter than parallel fibers, thus having more strength potential than parallel fibers

If a person cannot elicit movement of a joint and requires outside force for full movement, that is considered __________________ ROM. a. active assisted b. active c. passive d. 0 ROM

c. passive

What is the term for a muscle contraction in which the proximal end moves toward the distal end? a. irritability b. extensibility c. reversal of muscle action d. active insufficiency

c. reversal of muscle action

The ________________________ plane passes through the body from front to back and divides the body into right and left parts. a. frontal plane b. transverse plane c. sagittal plane d. vertical plane

c. sagittal plane

The type of joint end feel characterized by rebound movement at the end of ROM is a. bony. b. soft tissue approximation. c. springy block. d. empty.

c. springy block.

has both dendrites and an axon extending from it

cell body

When you have a patient do a "chair push-up" to strengthen the elbow triceps, what type of kinetic chain activity is this? A. Closed chain B. Open chain C. Neither D. This exercise has elements of both closed and open chains.

closed chain

serves as roof over humeral head

coracoacromial ligament

connects first rib to clavicle

costoclavicular ligament

A person who lacks the free motion of upward rotation is limited in which of the following shoulder joint motions? a. Flexion b. Extension c. Abduction d. A and C

d. A and C

Joints serve which of the following functions? a. Bear weight and provide stability b. Allow motion c. Contain fluid that lubricates and nourishes the cartilage d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system? a. Gives shape and support b. Protects vital organs c. Manufactures blood cells d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following statements is true of a ligament? a. They provide support to a joint. b. They can serve as an attachment for cartilage. c. They can serve as an attachment for fascia. d. All of the above are true of a ligament.

d. All of the above are true of a ligament.

Which muscle flexes the shoulder through its entire range? a. Subscapularis b. Teres major c. Pectoralis major, clavicular portion d. Anterior deltoid

d. Anterior deltoid

An example of linear shoulder girdle motion is a. upward rotation. b. scapular protraction. c. scapular depression. d. B and C

d. B and C

Which of the following groups are the prime movers in elbow flexion? a. Biceps, supinator, and brachialis b. Brachialis, brachioradialis, and anconeus c. Biceps, pronator teres, and supinator d. Brachialis, biceps, and brachioradialis

d. Brachialis, biceps, and brachioradialis

The ulna is where in relation to the humerus? a. Medial b. Lateral c. Proximal d. Distal

d. Distal

___________________________ is the ability to be stretched beyond normal resting length. a. Contractility b. Irritability c. Elasticity d. Extensibility

d. Extensibility

Weakness of the pectoralis minor muscle could indicate trauma to which of the following nerves? a. Cranial nerve XI b. Dorsal scapular nerve c. Long thoracic nerve d. Medial pectoral nerve

d. Medial pectoral nerve

A common pathology of the PNS characterized by weakness of the long thoracic nerve is which of the following? a. Thoracic outlet syndrome b. Bell's palsy c. Scapular winging d. Carpal tunnel syndrome

scapular winging

The type of muscle contraction that occurs with fixed speed, fixed resistance, and no joint motion is: a. Isokinetic contraction b. Isometric contraction c. Isotonic contraction d. tenodesis

b. Isometric contraction

The upper trapezius, serratus anterior, and lower trapezius have which of the following actions in common? A. Protraction of the scapula B. Retraction of the scapula C. Upward rotation of the scapula D. Downward rotation of the scapula

Upward rotation of the scapula

You will be working with a patient who has had a stroke. You expect which of the following descriptions to best characterize the typical gait pattern that you will see? A. A shift of the trunk to the affected side with weight-bearing B. Weight shift to the uninvolved side with circumduction of the involved leg C. Excessive anterior pelvic tilt and lumbar lordosis with exaggerated arm swing D. A quick shift posteriorly of the trunk at the moment of heel strike

Weight shift to the uninvolved side with circumduction of the involved leg

The intervention of joint mobilization is best performed in the close-packed position at any given joint. True or False

false

A normal end feel exists when there is full PROM at the joint and the normal anatomy of the joint stops movement. True or False

True

Active insufficiency of a muscle that crosses two or more joints occurs when the muscle produces simultaneous movement at all of the joints it crosses and reaches such a shortened position that it no longer has the ability to develop effective tension. True or False

True

Biomechanics is the application of mechanics to the study of the structure and function of the human body. True or False

True

Diarthrodial is another name for a synovial joint. True or False

True

Hyper mobility is an excessive amount of movement; joint ROM that is greater than the normal ROM expected at the joint. True or False

True

Muscle endurance is the ability of a muscle or muscle group to perform repeated contractions, against a resistance, or maintain an isometric contraction for a period of time. True or false

True

Passive insufficiency of a muscle occurs when the length of a muscle prevent full ROM at the joint or joints that the muscle crosses over. True or False

True

ROM is the amount of movement that occurs at a joint to produce movement of a bone in space. True or False

True

Radial deviation is movement of the hand toward the thumb side. True or False

True

Tenodesis can produce hand opening and closing. True or False

True

The acromioclavicular joint and the sternoclavicular joint contribute to scapular motions. True or False

True

The lower extremities when one is performing wall slides would be an example of a closed kinetic chain. True or False

True

The reason that a large-handled object is easier to turn is that the mechanical advantage is larger. true or false

True

A person with weakness of knee extension has damage to which of the following nerves? A. Radial nerve b. Femoral nerve c. Common peroneal nerve d. Median nerve

femoral nerve

Causes of poor posture can be which of the following? A. Paralysis of key postural muscles B. Any of the above can be a cause of poor posture. C. Congenital malformation D. habit

Any of the above can be a cause of poor posture.

The structure that spans the posterior side of the wrist from the ulnar styloid process to the lateral radius is called the A. extensor hood. B. flexor retinaculum. C. palmar carpal ligament. D. extensor retinaculum.

extensor retinaculum.

According to the concave-convex relationship, the convex surface is curved inward. True or False

false

A person who lacks the free motion of upward rotation is limited in which of the following shoulder joint motions? A. Flexion B. Abduction C. A and C D. Extension

A and C

A person with excessive lumbar lordosis could need stretching instruction for which group of muscles? A. hip flexors B. A and C C. hip extensors D. Trunk extensors

A and C (hip flexors and extensors)

A person experiencing pain on the superior lateral aspect of the scapula may have pathology involving which of the following structures? A. Acromion process B. Coracoid process C. Deltoid tubercle D. Glenoid fossa

Acromion process

cylindrical grip

All fingers flex around the object and thumb is wrapped around object in opposite that usually lies at a right angle to the object

The erector spinae are prime movers in which of the following motions? A. B and C B. Extension C. Flexion D. Lateral bend

B and C (extension and flexion)

You are working with a client to regain function after shoulder surgery. Now you want to focus on exercises to increase power/force. You would choose which of the following exercises? A. Concentric strengthening B. Eccentric strengthening C. Stretches D. It doesn't matter; any of the above will help increase power.

B. Eccentric strengthening

Your patient had trauma to the ulnar nerve and cannot actively abduct and adduct her fingers. You note weakness of which of the following muscles as a result of this? A. Lumbricales three and four B. Flexor digiti minimi C. Dorsal and palmar interossei D. Opponens digiti minimi

Dorsal and palmar interossei

Weakness of the trapezius muscle could indicate trauma to which of the following nerves? A. Long thoracic nerve B. Medial pectoral nerve C. Cranial nerve XI D. Dorsal scapular nerve

Cranial nerve XI

A client who needs scapular depressor strengthening would need attention to which of the following muscles? A. Pectoralis minor and lower trapezius B. Pectoralis minor and pectoralis major C. Rhomboids and middle trapezius D. Serratus anterior and pectoralis minor

Pectoralis minor and lower trapezius

Two forces acting in equal but opposite directions and resulting in a turning effect is called a A. stabilizing force. B. dislocating force. C. moment of force. D. force couple.

D. force couple.

Which bony arch is formed by the heads of the metacarpals? A. Longitudinal arch B. Distal carpal arch C. Proximal carpal arch D. Lumbrical arch

Distal carpal arch

You are working with a client to regain function after shoulder surgery. Now you want to focus on exercises to increase power. You would choose which of the following exercises? A. Stretches B. Concentric strengthening C. It doesn't matter; any of the above will help increase power. D. Eccentric strengthening

Eccentric strengthening

The intrinsic muscle mass on the little finger side of the palm is made up of which set of muscles? A. Thenar muscles B. Radial muscles C. Hypothenar muscles D. Opponens muscles

Hypothenar muscles

A hip joint pathology characterized by lateral knee pain, often due to poor footwear or running on uneven surfaces, is which of the following? A. Trochanteric bursitis B. Hamstring strain C. Hip pointer D. Iliotibial band syndrome

Iliotibial band syndrome

The quadratus lumborum is a prime mover in which of the following trunk motions? A. Lateral bending B. Compression of abdominal contents C. Trunk extension D. Trunk flexion

Lateral bending

Weakness of the biceps brachii muscle could indicate trauma to which of the following nerves? A. Ulnar nerve B. Median nerve C. none of these D. Musculocutaneous nerve

Musculocutaneous nerve

break in myelin sheath

Node of Ranvier

The muscles that would act on the forearm to neutralize forearm supination would be which of the following muscles? A. Triceps and anconeus B. Pronator teres and pronator quadratus C. Triceps and pronator teres D. Brachialis and brachioradialis

Pronator teres and pronator quadratus

The serratus anterior and the pectoralis minor have which of the following motions in common? A. Shoulder medial rotation B. Downward rotation C. Protraction D. Upward rotation

Protraction

Winging of the scapula is caused by weakness of which shoulder girdle muscle? A. Levator scapula B. Pectoralis minor C. Middle trapezius D. Serratus anterior

Serratus anterior

Which of the following statements is true: A. The rhomboid muscles are located superficially to the trapezius muscles B. The clavicle is superior to the first rib C. The spine is on the anterior surface of the scapula D. The vertebral column is lateral to the scapula

The clavicle is superior to the first rib

The type of abnormal end feel characterized by a soft "wet sponge" feel or the presence of soft tissue edema is which of the following? a. Boggy end feel b. Springy block c. Empty end feel d. Soft tissue approximation

a. Boggy end feel

The levator scapula and rhomboids have which of the following motions in common? a. Elevation b. Depression c. Upward rotation d. Depression

a. Elevation

Shoulder abduction occurs in which plane and around which axis? a. Frontal plane through a sagittal axis b. Frontal plane through a frontal axis c. Transverse plane through a vertical axis d. Sagittal plane through a frontal axis

a. Frontal plane through a sagittal axis

When the origin of the contracting muscle moves toward the insertion, this is referred to as? a. Reversal of muscle action b. Isokinetic contraction c. Concentric contraction d. Eccentric contraction

a. Reversal of muscle action

________________________ is slight tension in a muscle. a. Contractility b. Tenodesis c. Muscle excursion d. Tone

d. Tone

The hip is an example of which type of joint? a. Nonaxial b. Uniaxial c. Biaxial d. Triaxial

d. Triaxial

Palpation is the examination of the body surface by touch. Palpation is performed to: a. access bony and soft tissue contours b. assess soft tissue consistency c. assess skin temperature and texture d. all of the above

d. all of the above

The structure of the bone where growth occurs is the a. medullary canal b. metaphysis c. diaphysis d. epiphysiseal plate

d. epiphysiseal plate

Two forces acting in equal but opposite directions and resulting in a turning effect is called a a. stabilizing force. b. dislocating force. c. moment of force. d. force couple.

d. force couple.

A bone marking that consists of a hollow or depression is called a a. foramen. b. crest. c. head. d. fossa.

d. fossa.

All of the following can contribute to joint subluxation of the glenohumeral joint EXCEPT a. weight of the upper extremity. b. gravity. c. shallow glenoid fossa. d. strong lateral capsular ligaments.

d. strong lateral capsular ligaments.

The bony landmark located at the posterior lateral side of the radius at the distal end is called the a. olecranon process. b. radial tuberosity. c. radial head. d. styloid process.

d. styloid process.

The tendency of force to produce rotation is: a. inertia b. velocity c. friction d. torque

d. torque

Providing a patient with an ambulatory assistive device such as a walker, ____________ base of support and ________________ overall stability. a. widens, decreases b. increases, shortens c. shortens, decreases d. widens, increases

d. widens, increases

When conducting a physical assessment, explain to the patient the rationale for performing the physical assessment and the component parts of the assessment process as these are carried out. The therapist should: a. speak slowly b. use lay terms c. provide concise, easy to understand explanations d. encourage the patient to ask questions e. all of the above

e. all of the above

what are the Prime movers of knee flexion and extension?

extension: quadriceps - rectus femoris - vastus medialis - vastus intermedialis - vastus lateralis flexion: Hamstring - semimembranosus - semitendinosus - biceps femoris popliteus gastrocnemius

A person with inflammation in the carpal tunnel could have weakness in any of the following muscles EXCEPT the A. extensor digitorum B. abductor pollicis brevis C. flexor digitorum profundus D. flexor digitorum superficialis

extensor digitorum

With the palm down on the table, raise the second finger off the table. This requires muscle action of the __ A. flexor digitorum longus. B. extensor indicis. C. extensor digiti minimi. D. flexor indicis.

extensor indicis

Damage to the radial nerve would impair all of the following muscles EXCEPT the A. extensor pollicis longus. B. extensor digitorum. C. extensor digiti minimi. D. flexor pollicis longus.

flexor pollicis longus.

contains mostly unmyelinated fibers

gray matter

hard end feel

hard and abrupt limit to passive joint motion with no give on overpressure. (bony end feel)

connect clavicles

interclavicular ligament

integrates signals from sensory neurons

interneuron

The broad, flat membrane located longitudinally between the radius and the ulna is called the A. annular ligament B. thoracolumbar fascia C. joint capsule D. interosseous membrane

interosseous membrane

boggy end feel

is often found in acute conditions when soft tissue edema is present, like after a severely sprained ankle. (wet sponge feel)

firm end feel

is the most common and results from tension in the surrounding ligaments, capsule, and/or muscles and is perceived and a firm stop to the motion with only a "slight give" or overpressure.

The bony landmark located on the distal medial side of the humerus is the A. lateral condyle. B. supracondylar ridge. C. medial condyle. D. styloid process of the humerus.

medial condyle.

A person experiencing "ape hand" has damage to which of the following nerves? A. Common peroneal nerve B. Radial nerve C. Median nerve D. Femoral nerve

median nerve

The white fatty substance present in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) that serves to increase the speed of impulse conduction is called A. a neuron B. myelin C. node of ranvier D. a tract

myelin

fatty sheath

myelin

nerve cell

neurons

empty end feel

occurs when there is too much pain and the patient stops the clinician from moving the joint further.

pinch grip

pad to pad grip involving thumb and usually index finger

three jaw chuck grasp

pad to pad grip involving thumb, index, and middle finger

The innermost layer of the protective membrane that contains the blood vessels to the brain is the A. ventricular mater. B. pia mater. C. subarachnoid mater. D. dura mater.

pia mater.

The ligament that attaches to the styloid process of the radius and to the scaphoid and trapezium bones is the A. radial collateral ligament B. interosseous membrane C. dorsal radiocarpal ligament D. ulnar collateral ligament

radial collateral ligament

A person with "wrist drop" has damage to which of the following nerves? A. Femoral nerve b. Common peroneal nerve c. Median nerve d. Radial nerve

radial nerve

Springy block

rebound movement is felt at the end of the ROM, and usually occurs with internal derangement of a joint, such as torn cartilage.

muscle spasm

reflexive muscle guarding during motion. A protective response seen with acute injury

anterior pelvic tilt

rotation of the pelvis when sitting if there is an increase in lumbar lordosis (this angle will increase as the pelvis tilts anteriorly and will decrease as the pelvis tilts posteriorly) ((stomach sticks out chest leans back))

________________________________ _______________________________ (2 word answer) is a concept that further describes the movement relationship between the shoulder girdle and the shoulder joint, stating that for every 2 degrees of shoulder flexion or abduction that occurs, the scapula must upwardly rotate 1 degree, forming a 2:1 ratio.

scapulohumeral rhythm

has cell body in dorsal root ganglion

sensory neuron

sensory and motor neurons

sensory pathways go towards the gray matter and motor pathways go out. Posterior horn is the top but the anterior horn is the bottom.

The functional position of the hand includes all of the following joint positions EXCEPT A. the thumb in slight opposition B. none of these C. some wrist flexion D. flexion of the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints

some wrist flexion

The rotator cuff muscles serve to hold the humeral head against the glenoid fossa and best serve to facilitate which arthrokinematic motion of the shoulder joint? A. spin B. shear C. glide D. roll

spin

connects sternum to clavicle

sternoclavicular ligament

The bony landmark located at the posterior lateral side of the radius at the distal end is called the A. radial head. B. styloid process. C. radial tuberosity. D. olecranon process.

styloid process.

group of myelinated nerve fibers within central nervous system

tract

The "stress-response" and stimulation part of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is the sympathetic nervous system. True or false

true

The acromioclavicular joint and the sternoclavicular joint contribute to scapular motions. True or false

true

The reason that a large-handled object is easier to turn is that the mechanical advantage is larger. True or false

true

Visual observation is an integral part of assessment of joint range of motion and muscle strength. True or False

true

side to side grip

two adjacent fingers are adducted

claw hand

ulnar nerve

includes major tracts in the CNS

white matter