FINAL
Does this sentence contain a gerund, or a gerundive? Catullus carmina scribebat puellam Lesbiam amandi causa.
gerund Puellam Lesbiam is in accusative as the direct object of the gerund, not illogically pulled into genitive with it.
Identify the form and use of bellandi in Line 11.
gerund, genitive
ad flammas anima producit anili
she brings forth the flames with an old woman's breath
fit
she is made
facit
she makes
Which of the following does NOT describe the charming, sophisticated life Catullus and his friends live in the city?
invenustus
The subject of fecit in Line 3 is
is
When Catullus's girl (Lesbia) refers to "pessimi poetae" she
is joking and is referring to Catullus.
tecum Lesbia nostra comparatur
is our Lesbia compared with you
decet
it is fitting
Decet means
it is proper
oportet
it is proper
In line 14 attingit is best translated
it touches
In Line 2, unum stands for the understood noun
iter
In line 23, what does nullum modify?
iter
In Line 1 what is the antecedent of quibus?
itinera
ut
just as
MARRVCINE Asini, manu sinistra non belle uteris: in ioco atque vino tollis lintea neglegentiorum. hoc salsum esse putas? fugit te, inepte: quamvis sordida res et invenusta est. in ioco atque vino indicates that this act may have been
meant as a joke at a drinking party
Domi is ________________case.
locative
inferior
lower
In lines 18-19 the Helvetians
made allies of the Boii
probare
make acceptable, recommend
maturare
make haste
Which word in poem 1 is an example of an independent use of the subjunctive?
maneat
What type of subjunctive clause is ne causam diceret in Line 6?
negative purpose clause
Which of the following terms did Catullus' successors apply to him and his poetry?
neoteric and doctus
In line 12 duodecim refers to
oppida
Give the 3 objects of incendunt from lines 12-13.
oppida, vicos, aedificia
If the following were turned into latin, what mood would be used for the verb "you were accustomed"? "If only you were accustomed to listen to poets!"
optative subjunctive (wish)
In line 8, what is the tense of mortuus est?
perfect
Primary sequence, action earlier than the main verb.
perfect
In Line 6, what is the tense and voice of eripuit?
perfect active
Give the tense and voice of dictum est in line 13.
perfect passive
Identify the tense and mood of consciverit in line 9.
perfect subjunctive
amatus sit
perfect subjunctive
amaverim
perfect subjunctive
amaverit
perfect subjunctive
letter group -eri-
perfect subjunctive
In line 18, what is the antecedent of qui?
Boios
What does it mean when you say that a Latin verb "takes the dative"?
It can't have a normal accusative direct object, and the thing that we translate as its direct object is in dative case.
arma gravi numero violentaque bella parabam edere, materia conveniente modis. par erat inferior versus; risisse Cupido dicitur atque unum surripuisse pedem. When Ovid writes, materia conveniete modis, he is reminding us that
Traditionally, some poetic meter indicates a serious topic, while other meter indicated more playful poetry.
Baucis and Philemon are rewarded for their kindness to strangers. What is the second thing they request?
To die together so neither has to bury the other.
The first word of poem 1 is
an interrogative pronoun
Baucis is
an old woman
lepos
charm
lepos, lepidis
charm
More than one answer is possible here. Catullus describes his book as:
charming and new
lepide
charmingly
In line 4 Gallos is
direct object of a verb
perago
disturb, kill
ten provincia narrat esse bellam
does your province say that you are pretty
Which of the following is not true?
domus is a 2nd declension noun
dubium
doubt
The second principal part of fio is______Give only this form. Do not include other principal parts.
fieri
In lines 27-28 Orgetorix gives Dumnorix
filiam
Which of the following are the perfect forms of semi-deponent verbs?
gavisus sum ausus sum
Talking about actual cause/effect in the present or past
general conditions
To whom does eos and the first eorum refer in Lines 11 and 12 ?
germanis
What is the antecedent of qui in Line 8?
germanis
singuli
single, separate
eripiere
snatch away, tear out
In line ne is best translated
so that . . .not
ne forte loquare
so that you won't by chance say
In Line 7 non nullis is translated
some
Identify the use of numero in ine 12
specification
aranea, -ae
spider web
in line 2, modo is
the adverb meaning "just now"
Parve, nec invideo,sine me, liber, ibis in urbem: ei mihi, quod domino non licet ire tuo! vade, sed incultus, qualem decet exulis esse; infelix habitum temporis huius habe. These opening lines are addressed to
the book itself
Salve, nec minimo puella naso nec bello pede nec nigris ocellis nec longis digitis nec ore sicco nec sane nimis elegante lingua. Decoctoris amica Formiani, ten provincia narrat esse bellam? Tecum Lesbia nostra comparatur? O saeclum insapiens et infacetum! The girl mentioned in this poem is
the girlfriend of a spendthrift from Formiae
Choose the best partial parsing for fuere in line 2 of poem 49
third person plural, perfect active indicative.
esse
to be
posse
to be able
fieri
to be done or made
affero, afferre, attuli, allatus
to bring
muto, mutare
to change
ustulo, ustulare
to char, scorch
ceno, cenare
to dine
facere
to do or make
Nullus, solus, alius, alter, totus, ullus and some others have -ius in the genitive singular and -i in the dative. They are regular in the other cases.
true
ODI et amo. quare id faciam, fortasse requiris. nescio, sed fieri sentio et excrucior. One characteristic of the poetry of the Poetae Novi is that it is intensely personal as illustrated in this poem.
true
Ovid tell us that he tried to write serious verse in a serious meter, but he couldn't.
true
Ovid tells us that Cupid stole a foot or a metrical unit from the lines of the poem
true
iamb
u --
pyrrhic
u u
anapaest
u u --
The subject of capit (line 13) is
una pars (line 12)
What three words modify the understood noun partem? Separate each word by a comma.
unam, aliam, tertiam
subire
undergo, submit
infelix
unhappy
Speculating what would happen if something were different about the world
unreal conditions
In Line 2 what does difficile modify?
unum
This refers to the charming, sophisticated life Catullus and his friends live in the city.
urbanitas
The sophistication and manners and life-style of Catullus and his friends is referred to as
urbanitias
In lines 27-29, give a purpose clause.
ut...posset
purpose clause
ut/ne
Which is the correct way to express a thought like "He went to the store to buy milk" in Latin?
ut/ne followed by a subjunctive verb
result clause
ut/ut non and frequently a word meaning "so much" or similar
In classical Latin poetry, the sense of rhythm is achieved by...
variation between long and short syllables, according to strict rules of quantity
The setting of an epic poem is often described as
vast
velim
velimus
Which verb is the complementary infinitive placere (line 1, poem 93) directly dependent upon (i.e. which verb does it complement)?
velle
When Caesar conquered the country of Pontus, he said " ________, ________, ________"
veni vidi vici
incitare
rouse, excite
In line 1, itinera is best translated
routes
sacculus, -i
sack, wallet
Tristia, the title given to Ovid's collection, literally means
sad things
salvus
safe
sal
salt or wit
salsus, -a, -um
salty
dictio
saying, speaking
Choose the Latin word to correctly complete the sentence: cum Catullus carmina ___________, Caesar dictatorem Romae factum esse conatur. (While Catullus writes his poems, Caesar is attempting to become dictator of Rome.) NB: Catullus and Caesar weren't just contemporaries with no relationship. Catullus has poems about Caesar, and a lot of poems attacking one of Caesar's cronies who Catullus really hated.
scribat Present tense main verb (with the curveball of a deponent), and same time actions.
Give the 1st singular future perfect form of scribo, scibere, scripsi, scriptum
scripsero
Compose the 2nd person plural, future perfect passive indicative of scribo, scribere, scripsi, scriptum.
scripti eritis
In line 11 paratos modifies
se
In line 2 the phrase ex vinclis is translated
in chains
In line 3 vix qua . . . duerentur is
a relative clause of characteristic
In Line 1, quarum is
a relative pronoun
dono (the second word in poem 1) is
in the indicative mood
Pluperfect subjunctive in both clauses
past unreal
Which word is the subject of appellatus erat in Line 24?
pater
rescindere
tear back
In line 19, certiores facti sunt is best translated
they were informed
volunt
they wish
In line 17 sementes quam maximas facere means
they would plant as much food as possible
The future tense is best translated with this helping verb.
will
How many syllables would one hear in the following line of Catullus (remember the rules of elision)? quae sanctum Idalium Uriosque apertos
11
How many syllables would one hear in the following line of verse: arida modo pumice expolitum
11
How many syllables, when read as verse: quicum ludere, quem in sinu tenere
11
spondee
-- --
consedere duces et vulgi stante corona
-- -- | -- u u | -- // -- | -- -- | -- u u | -- --
Trochee
-- u
Which of the following patterns could not fit into a line of dactylic hexameter?
-- u --
cretic
-- u --
dactyl
-- u u
choriamb
-- u u --
pinea coniungens inflexae texta carinae
-- u u | -- -- | -- // -- | -- -- | -- u u | -- --
Praebuerat dictis Tritonia talibus aures
-- u u | -- -- | -- // -- | -- u u | -- u u | -- --
ipsa levi fecit volitantem flamine currum
-- u u | -- -- | -- // u u | -- -- | -- u u | -- --
diva quibus retinens in summis urbibus arces
-- u u | -- u u | -- // -- | -- -- | -- u u | -- --
in nova fert animus mutatas dicere formas
-- u u | -- u u | -- // -- | -- -- | -- u u | -- --
Regia Solis erat sublimibus alta columnis
-- u u | -- u u | -- // -- | -- u u | -- u u | -- --
Which is the correct scansion for the following half-line of hexameter (note: the half line ends at the caesura): mille domos adiere
-- u u | -- u u | -- u
Count the syllables again (remember, this is not the number you find on the page, but the number that count for the meter). nam risu inepto res ineptior nulla est
12
How many syllables in the following when read as verse: (hint: there is definitely elision going on here!) tibi haec fuisse et esse cognitissima
12
1. How does Caesar attempt to set up an overview of Gaul for his Roman readers?
1. Caesar tries to paint a visual picture for the readers. Since Romans aren't with him, they can't see what he is trying to do for Rome. He tells of the different parts of Gaul that he must and plans to conquer for the empire (Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres). He further helps the readers by saying that there are three different groups in the area: the Belgians (incolunt Belgae), the Aquitani (alias Aquitani), and the Celts (tertiam...Celtae).
Give the numbers for CCXL and CLXXX in Line 14, Separate the numbers with a comma.
240, 180
How many partitive genitive nouns (including substantive adjectives) are there in the following? poetae libellus lepidissimus omnium erat, quod poeta optimus erat, et unum duorum libellorum qui doctissimi erant illius aevi scripserat.
2
2. What important cultural facts does Caesar perceive? How could these impact his mission and intentions?
2. Caesar sees that the Belgians, Aquitani, and Celts all differ in their language, customs, and bills or laws they have, as seen in the second sentence (lingua, institutis, legibus...differunt). This makes it harder for him to conquer Gaul as there are such big differences. He cannot just use the same tactics for the entire area because of these distinct differences. These differences add to the difficulty he will have in conquering Gaul, therefore making him seem that much more brave and strong as a military and political figure.
3. What geographical boundaries does he mention? Explain how these could be helpful to Caesar or not?
3. He mentions several rivers such as the Garonne, the Marne, and the Seine (last sentence, line 3, Garumna flumen...Matrona et Sequana). These rivers serve as territorial boundaries and divides between the groups (last sentence, line 3, Gallos ab Aquita3. He mentions several rivers such as the Garonne, the Marne, and the Seine (last sentence, line 3, Garumna flumen...Matrona et Sequana). These rivers serve as territorial boundaries and divides between the groups (last sentence, line 3, Gallos ab Aquitanis...a Belgis...dividit). These rivers could help Caesar and his legions travel faster up and down the "partes", and could be used as a barrier or stalemate between the two during fighting. The river could allow Caesar to rest on one side while a Gallic group is on the other. However, it could also be an obstacle and hard for his troops to cross if he or his troops aren't used to them. The groups may be more acclimated to navigating the rivers and outmaneuver Caesar.
What are the most likely dates for Catullus' life?
87-55 BCE
What is a good context clue that you can use to tell whether a verb in a sentence is passive or deponent?
A deponent verb can have an accusative direct object Also, a real passive verb can have an ablative of agent, and is more likely to have an ablative of instrument than a deponent.
arma gravi numero violentaque bella parabam edere, materia conveniente modis. par erat inferior versus; risisse Cupido dicitur atque unum surripuisse pedem. Pedem at the end of line four refers to
A metrical foot
Which of the following best defines "brevis in longo"?
A short syllable occurring at the end of the line, treated as if it were the second long of the final spondee.
et tacitus secum, ne quis malus audiat, optet, sit mea lenito Caesare poena levis. 30 nos quoque, quisquis erit, ne sit miser ille, precamur, placatos miseris qui volet esse deos ; quaeque volet, rata sint, ablataque principis ira sedibus in patriis det mihi posse mori.
AND HAVING BEEN SILENCED THEMSELVES, WHO HEARS NO BAD, CHOOSES, MY PUNISHMENT CALMED BY A LIGHTENED CAESAR. WE TOO, WHATEVER WILL BE, THAT IS NOT MISERABLE, ARE ASKED, WHO WILL ASK THE GODS TO SOOTHE THE MISERY; WHATEVER HE WISHES, THEY HAVE THOUGHT: WITH THE EMPEROR'S ANGER HAVING BEEN REMOVED GIVE ME THE POWER TO DIE IN MY NATIVE COUNTRY/RESIDENCE. Ovid asks the Gods to have mercy on him and soothe the misery (placatos miseris qui volet esse deos) and to give him the right to die in his native country of residence (sedibus in patriis det mihi posse mori).
neve liturarum pudeat; qui viderit illas, de lacrimis factas sentiat esse meis. vade, liber, verbisque meis loca grata saluta: contingam certe quo licet illa pede.
AND NOT SHAME OF YOUR CORRECTIONS; THOSE WHO HAVE SEEN, WILL SENSE THEY WERE MADE FROM MY TEARS. YOU GO, BOOK, GREET BELOVED PLACES WITH MY WORDS: I WILL CERTAINLY TOUCH THEM WITH THE FOOT I CAN.
Identify the use of qua die in Line 12.
Ablative of Time When
What is the syntax of regno occupato in Line 32?
Ablative Absolute
In Line 7 identify the use of vado.
Ablative of Means
What is the case and use of lege in Line 20?
Ablative of Means
In Line 1 identify the use of domo.
Ablative of Place from Which
Phoebus
Apollo
Many kinds of Latin poetry, such as the poems of Catullus, love elegies, and odes, are short poems that would not have been published on their own. How were they arranged?
Artistically, but not in any kind of chronology The order of Latin poems doesn't vary from manuscript to manuscript and clearly has some significance. Think about this next chapter--you will be reading Poem Number One from a collection. Why is it first?
In poem 1, how does Catullus describe his own poetry?
As trifles or nonsense
parva quidem, stipulis et canna tecta palustri, sed pia Baucis anus parilique aetate Philemon illā sunt annis iuncti iuvenalibus, Choose the answer that best express the meaning of these verses.
Baucis and Phileon are the same age and live in a small house. They have lived here together since they were young
Something quite unusual happens next. What do they see? What do they do? frondere Philemona Baucis, Baucida conspexit senior frondere Philemon. 715 iamque super geminos crescente cacumine vultus mutua, dum licuit, reddebant dicta "vale" que "o coniunx" dixere simul, simul abdita texit ora frutex:
Baucis saw Philemon put forth leaves, Old Philemon saw Baucis put forth leaves. Already the top is sprouting over the two both faces, while it was allowed, returned the words "goodbye" and "Oh spouse" they have said simultaneously, the shrub has covered them at the same time hiding their mouths They see each other start putting forth leaves and sprouting leaves. They say goodbye together as they are covered in the shrub intertwined together.
The subject of spectant (line 16) is
Belgae (line 15)
The subject of sunt (line 8) is
Belgae (line 5)
Which Co-Consul did Caesar so overshadow that the consulship was called the consulship of Julius and Caesar?
Bibulus
Which Roman province did Catullus travel to?
Bithynia
The inhabitants point out the trees because the trunks have grown together. How does our narrator, Lelex come to know this story? ostendit adhuc Thyneius illic incola de gemino vicinos corpore truncos. 720 haec mihi non vani (neque erat, cur fallere vellent) narravere senes; equidem pendentia vidi serta super ramos ponensque recentia dixi
Bithynia residents still show the neighboring trunks from the two bodies there. Old people have truly told this (and not yet was, for what reason to wish to lie); Indeed I saw garlands hanging above branches just placing some I said Lelex knows this story from old men truthfully telling it.
at vos interea venite in ignem, pleni ruris et inficetiarum. annales Volusi, cacata carta.
But meanwhile you come into the fire Full of country lands (countryside) and crudities Annals of Volusius, defecated paper Aside from cacata carta, he says "pleni ruris et inficetiarum" which means that Volusius's writings are full of countryside and crudities. Full of countryside can also be taken as boring writings or plain writings. When he mentions crudities, Catullus is saying that Volusius's writings are crude, unrefined, rudimentary, or undeveloped. In that line Catullus essentially calls Volusius's annals boring, plain, crude, unrefined, and rudimentary, indicating that Volusius doesn't belong in Catullus's new-style poets group
In Line 19, to whom does eius refer?
Caesar
imperat Caesar ne milites Pompeiani interficiantur.
Caesar commands that the soldiers from Pompey's army not be killed. negative indirect command, primary sequence
In lines 16-19 Caesar discusses three essentials for the success of this undertaking.
Caesar discusses purchasing the greatest number of beasts of burden and wagons (iumentorum et carrorum...coemere), make their sowings as large/great as possible (sementes...maximas), and establish peace and friendship with the nearest states (cum proximis civitatibus pacem et amicitiam confirmare).
bellum civile gerendo Caesar dictator factus erat.
Caesar had been made dictator by waging civil war
Which of the following expressions conveys Catullus's message to Lesbia in this poem?
Carpe Diem!
Ille mi par esse deo videtur, ille, si fas est, superare divos, qui sedens adversus identidem te spectat et audit dulce ridentem, misero quod omnis eripit sensus mihi: nam simul te, Lesbia, aspexi, nihil est super mi vocis in ore, lingua sed torpet, tenuis sub artus flamma demanat, sonitu suopte tintinant aures, gemina teguntur lumina nocte. Otium, Catulle, tibi molestum est: otio exsultas nimiumque gestis: otium et reges prius et beatas perdidit urbes. This poem, Catullus 51, is an adaption of a poem by the Greek poet, Sappho. What is one reason Catullus may have chosen this poem?
Catullus and his friends liked all things Greek and like to use Greek words and references in their poems.
Vivamus mea Lesbia, atque amemus, rumoresque senum severiorum omnes unius aestimemus assis! soles occidere et redire possunt: nobis cum semel occidit brevis lux, 5 nox est perpetua una dormienda. In lines two and three,
Catullus suggests that they (Catullus and Lesbia) shouldn't worry about what the old men say.
Choose the best translation: Cicero rem publicam servare conabatur eloquenter dicendo.
Cicero kept trying to protect the Republic by speaking eloquently. gerund acting as ablative of instrument
The author implicitly compares and contrasts Cicero's and Ovid's styles. What inference can you draw from the comparison?
Cicero's sentences were much longer than Ovid's on average "Cleverness" and "point" tend to come across better in shorter sentences, and "rolling" and "copiousness" are pretty close to being euphemisms for "longwindedness".
bellum civile Caesari gerendum est.
Civil war must be waged by Caesar
Which of these adjectives would the author think was appropriate for Ovid?
Clever/witty
Find the two vocative nouns in poem 1 and quote them here in Latin exactly from the poem.
Corneli Iuppiter
To whom does Catullus plan to give his book?
Cornelius Nepos
MARRVCINE Asini, manu sinistra non belle uteris: in ioco atque vino tollis lintea neglegentiorum. hoc salsum esse putas? fugit te, inepte: quamvis sordida res et invenusta est. The best translation of line four is
Do you think this is witty? It escapes you, foolish (man):
If we were translating the following English sentence into Latin, what construction would we use for the verbs? "Why was I to go to Seattle? Who was I to meet there?"
Deliberative subjunctive
What is the antecedent of qui in Line 26?
Diviciaci
In lines 26-27 we learn that the leader of the Aeduans is
Diviciacus
What is the use of Orgetorigem in Line 1.
Direct Object
The Amores are written in this meter.
Elegiac Couplet
The Amores are best described as
Entertaining stories of love and romance.
Cenabis bene, mi Fabulle, apud me paucis, si tibi di favent, diebus, si tecum attuleris bonam atque magnam cenam, non sine candida puella et vino et sale et omnibus cachinnis. Catullus asks Fabullus to bring all of the following except
Fabullus's money pouch
Which of the following phrases in English would need a partitive genitive in Latin?
Five of the teachers
Gallia
Gaul
Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae, alias Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra Galli appellantur. Hi omnes lingua, institutis, legibus inter se differunt. Gallos ab Aquitanis Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matrona et Sequana dividit.
Gaul as a whole is divided into three parts, one of which the Belgians inhabit, another the Aquitani, third which in their own language are Celts, called Gauls in ours. All these differ in language, customs, and bills (laws) between themselves. The Garonne river divides Gaul from the Aquitani, and the Marne and Seine from the Belgians.
Galli
Gauls
In Line 8 to what does eo oppido refer?
Genava
In lines 15-16, we learn that Caear hurries to
Geneva
Which is NOT a valid way to tell gerunds apart from gerundives in the context of a sentence?
Gerundives are 1st/2nd declension but gerunds are 4th. Both gerunds and gerundives are 1st/2nd declension, though gerunds' endings are restricted because they are all neuter gender and have no nominatives or plurals. CAN TELL: no masculine or feminine gerunds no nominative gerunds gerundives are adjectives and so will be found in agreement with nouns
arma gravi numero violentaque bella parabam edere, materia conveniente modis. par erat inferior versus; risisse Cupido dicitur atque unum surripuisse pedem. As the Amores begins, Ovid tells us that he was preparing to do which of the following.
He was prepared to write about weapons and violent wars in meter appropriate for a serious topic.
His rebus adducti, et auctoritate Orgetorigis permoti constituerunt ea quae ad proficiscendum pertinerent comparare, iumentorum et carrorum quam maximum numerum coemere, sementes quam maximas facere,ut in itinere copia frumenti suppeteret, cum proximis civitatibus pacem et amicitiam confirmare.
Having been led by these conditions, and influenced by the authority of Orgetorix, they have decided to pair the things which pertained to their departure, to purchase the greatest number of beasts of burden and wagons, to make their sowings as large as possible, so that an abundance of grain might be available on the way, to establish peace and friendship with the nearest states.
Nulli se dicit mulier mea nubere malle quam mihi, non si se Iuppiter ipse petat. dicit: sed mulier cupido quod dicit amanti, in vento et rapida scribere oportet aqua In poem 70, Catulllus reveals that
He cannot trust everything that Lesbia says Her words flow away like water in a stream.
How might we best describe Catullus' attitude to Caesar after reading poem 93?
He doesn't care for him.
What does Catullus hope will happen to his book?
He hopes it will last for more than one age.
Ovid was saddened and inspired to write the Tristia because
He was exiled from Rome.
sex mihi surgat opus numeris, in quinque residat: ferrea cum vestris bella valete modis! cingere litoreā flaventia tempora myrto, Musa per undenos emodulanda pedes! As the poem ends, Ovid says goodbye to was indicating that
He will not write about wars and serious topics as originally planned.
In poem 1, what is the explicit relation of Cornelius to Catullus?
He's the recipient of Catullus' little book
In lines 23-25, Caesar remembers that
Helvetians killed a Roman counsul and sent his army under the yoke
In Line 10, what is the subject of conantur?
Helvetii
Where is the main caesura to be expected in a line of dactylic hexameter?
Hepthemimeral - the seventh half-foot (after the long that starts the fourth foot) Between the two shorts of a dactyl in the third or fourth foot Penthemimeral - the fifth half-foot (after the long that starts the third foot) all of the above
"Vivamus dum vivimus." What's the mood of vivamus here?
Hortatory subjunctive
Odi et amo. Quare id faciam, fortasse requiris. Nescio. Sed fieri sentio et excrucior excrucior
I am tortured
Odi et amo. Quare id faciam, fortasse requiris. Nescio. Sed fieri sentio et excrucior nescio
I don't know
invideo
I envy
eo
I go
Odi et amo. Quare id faciam, fortasse requiris. Nescio. Sed fieri sentio et excrucior odi
I hate
Odi et amo. Quare id faciam, fortasse requiris. Nescio. Sed fieri sentio et excrucior amo
I love
precor
I pray
parabam
I was preparing
Volo, velle means
I wish or want
In lines 4-5 we learn that rivers
In lines 4-5 we learn that rivers
Ille mi par esse deo videtur, ille, si fas est, superare divos, qui sedens adversus identidem te spectat et audit dulce ridentem, misero quod omnis eripit sensus mihi: nam simul te, Lesbia, aspexi, nihil est super mi vocis in ore, lingua sed torpet, tenuis sub artus flamma demanat, sonitu suopte tintinant aures, gemina teguntur lumina nocte. Otium, Catulle, tibi molestum est: otio exsultas nimiumque gestis: otium et reges prius et beatas perdidit urbes. This may be a description of the first time Catullus sees Lesbia. In the first stanza, Catullus is observing the man with whom Lesbia is talking. In the second stanza, he is observing Lesbia. In the third, he is describing his own reaction. Summarize what is happening in each of the three sections.
In the first stanza, Catullus says that the man Lesbia is talking with seems equal to a god and may even surpass the gods. The man looks at Lesbia and listens to her. In the second stanza, Lesbia's laugh essentially stops Catullus in his tracks, makes him breathless and entrances him. He is so fascinated with Lesbia that he has no feelings left and left speechless. In the third stanza, he cannot speak and is just paralyzed by Lesbia. He says that there's a fire through him and his limbs, his ears ring, and there is darkness over his eyes. In the fourth stanza, he talks on how leisure is trouble for Catullus and how it has ruined kings and prosperous cities before.
Iuppiter huc specie mortali cumque parente venit Atlantiades positis caducifer alis. line 626-627 Atlantiades means grandson of Atlas. Mercury is the son of Jupiter and Maia, a daughter of Atlas. Positis is best translated put aside. Mercury couldn't appear as a mortal with his wings, could he? Select the answer that best translates these verses.
In the form of a mortal, Jupiter came here and, with his parent came, Mercury, the caduceus bearer, with his wings put aside.
quare aut hendecasyllabos trecentos exspecta, aut mihi linteum remitte, quod me non movet aestimatione, verum est mnemosynum mei sodalis. nam sudaria Saetaba ex Hiberis miserunt mihi muneri Fabullus et Veranius: haec amem necesse est ut Veraniolum meum et Fabullum. The napkin is valuable because
It is a symbol of the friendship Catullus has with Veranius and Fabullus
non certus est quo modo magnum incendium Romae Neronis tempore accendatur
It is unclear how the great fire of Rome in Nero's time was started. Quo modo (sometimes written as one word quomodo), though literally "in what way", frequently introduces an indirect question and works like English "how".
Why is it not normally possible to use a perfect or pluperfect subjunctive verb in a purpose or result clause?
It's illogical for a purpose or result to be earlier in time than the main clause
How would you explain the use of the infinitive "esse" in line 4 of poem 1? Pick the best answer.
It's infinitive used as the main verb within an indirect statement.
In the following English, if we were to translate it into Latin, what construction would we use for the verb? "Let them eat cake!"
Jussive Subjunctive
What is NOT a valid explanation for why "past tense" is never a correct answer to a Latin grammar question?
Latin doesn't meaningfully have the concept of "past v. present" like English does; all tenses are just relative to each other. "Relative tenses" are real Latin phenomena in some parts of the language, like subjunctives and participles, but Latin is perfectly capable of stating that an indicative verb is in the past!
Salve, nec minimo puella naso nec bello pede nec nigris ocellis nec longis digitis nec ore sicco nec sane nimis elegante lingua. In poem 43, Catullus compare a country girl to
Lesbia, his girlfriend
Let (those who) take care of the gods____________and those who worshiped the gods_______________________ "cura deum di sint, et, qui coluere, colantur."'
Let those who take care of the gods be gods and those who worshipped the gods be worshipped.
Vivamus, mea Lesbia, atque amemus, rumoresque senum severiorum omnes unius aestimemus assis! soles occidere et redire possunt: nobis cum semel occidit brevis lux, nox est perpetua una dormienda. The best translation of the first line of this poem is
Let us live, my Lesbia, and let us love
Choose the best translation of multae epistulae Ciceroni scribendae sunt.
Many letters must be written by Cicero. "Cicero must write many letters" is also generally considered a valid translation, though it is not literal because you have changed the passive structure of the sentence.
In Line 13 a.d. V Kal Apr. is in the month of
March
Who was the governor of the province Catullus served in?
Memmius
One of Ovid's most famous and important works is the
Metamorphoses
Ovid tell mythological stories of change in the __________________.
Metamorphoses
"Utinam pereat poeta pessimus!" Identify the mood of the verb pereat, and explain it.
Optative subjunctive (subjunctive of wish)
In lines 21-22 Orgetorix concerns himself with which one of these?
Orgetorix focuses on the third one, trying to form relations with the neighboring states (cum proximis civitatibus...amicitiam confirmare). He is chosen to be the ambassador to the other states (Ad eas res conficiendas Orgetorix deligitur).
nam, puto, sentirem, si quo temptarer amore - an subit et tecta callidus arte nocet? sic erit: haeserunt tenues in corde sagittae, et possessa ferus pectora versat Amor. Here Ovid compares Love to
NOT AN ARROW
There are an awful lot of picky and complicated terms for grammar in Latin. Where do they come from?
Native Latin speakers invented them to describe their own language, and they got pulled into English in translation-ese by scholars assuming everyone already knew some Latin.
In lines 7-9 to what lengths did the Helvetians have to proceed in order to attempt to bring Orgetorix to the court of justice?
Orgetorix gathered all of his people and family to come to support him while he pleads his case. Somehow they are able to rescue him as seen in line 6. In lines 7-9, it could be assumed that they were somewhat violent or at least threatening since the court had magistrates started getting their own men together from the country "multitudinemque hominum ex agris magistratus cogerent". They had to physically intimidate and challenge the state in an effort to bring Orgetorix justice.
How does Orgetorix go far beyond the simple establishment of friendly relations?
Once appointed ambassador, he convinces Casticus of the Sequani to "seize power" in his state, and also persuades Dumnorix of the Aedui to marry his (Orgetorix's) daughter as seen in lines 22-28 (In eo...in matrimonium dat). He also assures those states that he would get power and territory for them using his own resources because the Helvetii were the strongest of all three of them (lines 28-31).
nox est perpetua una dormienda. This is best translated
One eternal night must be slept
In lines 4-7, how powerful a man is Orgetorix shown to be and how does that aid him?
Orgetorix is shown to have a significant amount of power, wealth, influence, and authority to have about "milia decem" (ten thousand) of his "familiam" (family), "obaeratosque" (debtors), and "clientes" (clients) show up in support to hear him plead his case. This helps him because power can be seen in numbers and the sheer number of his supporters may intimidate and persuade the court to let him go. He later says that those are the reason he was able to be rescued from pleading his case line 6, "causam diceret se eripuit".
In line 1, Ea res refers to
Orgetorix's plan
arma gravi numero violentaque bella parabam edere, materia conveniente modis. par erat inferior versus; risisse Cupido dicitur atque unum surripuisse pedem. par erat inferior versus indicates
Originally, the lines of the poem were equal in respect to the metrical pattern.
Which of the following authors wrote during the "Augustan" period (i.e. during the reign of Augustus)?
Ovid Though he was quite a bit younger than most of the Augustan writers.
me miserum! certas habuit puer ille sagittas. 25 uror, et in vacuo pectore regnat Amor. From Ovid's reaction in line 25, we know that
Ovid has been struck by Cupid's arrow.
Ovidius puellam iterum rogabat num cras eum conveniret.
Ovid kept asking his girlfriend whether she would meet him tomorrow. indirect question
Choose the best translation: Ovidius carmina scribebat ad Romam redeundam.
Ovid kept writing poems in order to return to Rome. Ad frequently expresses some idea of purpose, not just position in space, in literary Latin.
Ovidius carmen nomine Metamorphoseon tam pulchrum scripsit ut per saecula multi id legerent.
Ovid wrote a poem called the Metamorphoses that was so beautiful that many people through the ages have read it.
In the following English, if we were to translate it into Latin, what kind of genitive would we use for the noun "students"? "The cleverest of the students earned the highest grade."
Partitive Genitive
Which of these descriptions would the author of the article think was true of the poems of Catullus and his friends?
Personal and self-expressive
What does Catullus say he has done to prepare his book for sharing with his friends?
Polished the edges of the scroll flat with dry pumice
MARRVCINE Asini, manu sinistra non belle uteris: in ioco atque vino tollis lintea neglegentiorum. hoc salsum esse putas? fugit te, inepte: quamvis sordida res et invenusta est. non credis mihi? crede Pollioni fratri, qui tua furta vel talento mutari velit: est enim leporum differtus puer ac facetiarum. Which brother does Catullus like? Which brother has urbanitias?
Pollio
Quintia formosa est multis. mihi candida, longa, recta est: haec ego sic singula confiteor. totum illud formosa nego: nam nulla venustas, nulla in tam magno est corpore mica salis. Lesbia formosa est, quae cum pulcerrima tota est, tum omnibus una omnis surripuit Veneres. Although Quintia is beautiful to some, she lacks a very important quality. What is it? Why is this significant to Catullus as a Poetae Novi?
Quintia has attractive features but "nam nulla venustas" which means "for no beauty/charm/elegance". Catullus says that she has so many beautiful qualities but has no charm or elegance because Lesbia stole all of that from all other women. Poetae Novi poetry has shorter, "finely crafted", and has more puns and allusions. This is significant because he wrote about his love life and showed the Roman life while being witty. This was a topic that was personal to him while being concise and to the point. Epic poems were longer and much more detailed.
Rhenus
Rhine River
Rhodanus
Rhone River
What social conditions led to the earliest preserved Latin literature being strongly based on Greek models?
Romans used educated Greek slaves to teach their children
aut mihi linteum remitte This is best translated
Send my napkin back to me
Pick the best translation for the following: Sit disertissima, sit doctissima virgnum omnium; ne libellos lepidissimos ei dones!
She may be the most eloquent and educated of all maidens; don't give her the most charming books!
Which is a valid way to think about how to make the future perfect tense (in active voice)?
Start with the perfect stem, then add future forms of sum as if they were endings
quare aut hendecasyllabos trecentos 10 exspecta, aut mihi linteum remitte, quod me non movet aestimatione, verum est mnemosynum mei sodalis. nam sudaria Saetaba ex Hiberis miserunt mihi muneri Fabullus 15 et Veranius: haec amem necesse est ut Veraniolum meum et Fabullum. If the napkin isn't returned, what does Catullus threaten?
That Catullus will write a nasty poem about the thief
What does Ovid tell us about Lesbia
That Lesbia wasn't her real name
What does the historian Suetonius (writing in the 2nd century CE) tell us about Catullus
That he reconciled with Caesar despite hurting his reputation
What do we mean when we say that a syllable is anceps?
That position in the line can be filled with a long or a short syllable
Salve, nec minimo puella naso nec bello pede nec nigris ocellis nec longis digitis nec ore sicco nec sane nimis elegante lingua, decoctoris amica Formiani. 5 ten provincia narrat esse bellam? tecum Lesbia nostra comparatur? o saeclum insapiens et infacetum! In line five, Catullus implies that
The 'boyfriend' is from Formiae and therefore is a country boy who is looked down upon by Catullus and his city-friends.
senatus nesciat quid Catilina facere audeat
The Senate does not know what Catiline is prepared to do The most common English equivalent of audeo is "to dare", but "The Senate does not know what Catiline dares to do" is not natural English.
In line 3 of poem 49, post is
The adverb "afterwards"
dominus ancillae imperat ut multum cibum coquat
The master commands that the servant to cook a lot of food.
What's the best translation for the phrase "unus italorum" from poem 1?
The only one of the Italians
Which of the following best defines the idea of metrical caesura?
The place in the line where, in the process of composition, two half-lines are joined together at a word-break
servus domino rogavit quam togam nunc gerere vellet
The slave asked the master which toga he would like to wear now!
Lelex is
The storyteller
femina timuit ne suum amatorem pater interficeret
The woman feared that (her) father would kill her lover.
In poem 49, Catullus describes himself as
The worst poet of all.
sunt tibi magna, puer, nimiumque potentia regna; 13 cur opus adfectas, ambitiose, novum? The best (most literal) translation of line 13 is
There are for you (you have), boy, great and excessively powerful kingdoms.
mille domos adiere locum requiemque petentes, mille domos clausere serae; tamen una recepit, adiere is best translated
They approached
Baucis and Philemon are rewarded for their kindness to strangers. What is one thing they request?
They become priests in the temple.
In Line 9, how did they believe he had escaped that justice?
They believe he committed suicide. This is seen in line 9 "quin ipse sibi mortem consciverit" with the Helvetians thinking that he inflicted death to himself.
What two considerations influenced the Helvetians to leave everything they had ever known?
They were led and influenced by Orgetorix's authority and reputation. He was able to easily persuade the citizens to expand outward by saying that they (the Helvetians) are enclosed by the nature of the place everywhere (quod undique locī nātūrā Helvētiī continentur), by the widest and deepest Rhine river (flumine Rheno latissimo atque altissimo) to the Jura mountains (monte Iura altissimo) to the Lake of Lemmanus (lacu Lemanno) in lines 5-10. While also being well known and eager for war (homines bellandi cupidi...pro gloria belli), they also felt their boundaries are too narrow for their proportion of people (Pro multitudine autem hominum...angustos se fines habere arbitrabantur).
Cui dono lepidum novum libellum arida modo pumice expolitum? Corneli, tibi: namque tu solebas meas esse aliquid putare nugas iam tum, cum ausus es unus Italorum 5 omne aevum tribus explicare cartis doctis, Iuppiter, et laboriosis. quare habe tibi quidquid hoc libelli qualecumque; quod, patrona virgo plus uno maneat perenne saeclo. 10 When Catullus uses words like nugas in line 4 and libelli in line 8 to describe his work, he wants us to know that
This new book of his is not a traditional epic poem.
At the time Ovid was writing the Tristia, he was living in
Tomis This city is on the Black Sea in Romania today.
consenuere is best translated "they grew old".
True, it is the shorted form of consenuerunt.
What is the best description of how you form a subjunctive verb in the perfect passive system?
Use a subjunctive form of sum instead of indicative as your helping verb
The rhythm of Latin poetry is constituted by
Variation between long and short syllables, as determined by rules of quantity
Caesar claimed to be a descendant of _________________________.
Venus
What did E.T. Merrill say about our knowledge of Catullus' life?
We can know him as we can know few other historical authors
What was Catullus' brother's name?
We do not know
quod tu cum olfacies, deos rogabis, totum ut te faciant, Fabulle, nasum. Which is the best translation of this section?
When you will smell this (perfume) you will ask the gods to make you, Fabullus, all nose.
In line 5, what does quod mean?
because
siquis, ut in populo, nostri non inmemor illi, siquis, qui, quid agam, forte requirat, erit: vivere me DICES, salvum tamen esse NEGABIS; id quoque, quod vivam, munus habere dei. What is the subject of both dices and negabis?
You is the subject. It refers to the book itself and by extension the reader also.
Pick the best translation for "hoc fortis facias"
You would do this if you were brave
In line 15 paratiores is
a comparative adjective
In line 15 trium mensum is
a genitive of measure
In line 15 subeunda is
a gerundive
In line 7 ad effeminandos animos is
a gerundive phrase
nec te purpureo velent vaccinia fuco— non est conveniens luctibus ille color— nec titulus minio, nec cedro charta notetur, candida nec nigra cornua fronte geras. Here Ovid describes what his book will NOT have. Which of these doesn't he mention?
a gold cover
Vivamus, mea Lesbia, atque amemus, rumoresque senum severiorum omnes unius aestimemus assis! soles occidere et redire possunt: nobis cum semel occidit brevis lux, nox est perpetua una dormienda. Lesbia is
a pseudonym for Catullus's girlfriend
In line 27, ut introduces
a purpose clause
In line 18 quae . . . pertinet is
a relative clause
The ablative of description is usually
a noun and an adjective
In line 5 omnium is
a partitive genitive
sed contra accipies meros amores seu quid suavius elegantiusve est: nam unguentum dabo, quod meae puellae donarunt Veneres Cupidinesque, What does Catullus offer Fabullus?
a perfume that smells like love and comes from Venus and Cupid
In line 1 of poem 49, Romuli is
a possessive genitive
In line 2 qui introduces
a relative clause
MARRVCINE Asini, manu sinistra non belle uteris: in ioco atque vino tollis lintea neglegentiorum. hoc salsum esse putas? fugit te, inepte: quamvis sordida res et invenusta est. IN Catullus 12, Marrucinus Asinius is
a thief who has taken a memento that is important to Catullus
exul
an exile
What case is saeclo in line 10 of poem 1?
ablative
Identify the construction of die constituta in Line 3
ablative absolute
What is the use of spe sublata in line 14?
ablative absolute
Salve, nec MINIMO puella NASO nec bello pede nec nigris ocellis nec longis digitis nec ore sicco nec sane nimis elegante lingua. Decoctoris amica Formiani, ten provincia narrat esse bellam? Tecum Lesbia nostra comparatur? O saeclum insapiens et infacetum! Minimo naso is this grammatical construction.
ablative of description
What is the case and usage of Aquitanis in Line 4?
ablative of separation
Give the case and usage for the word lingua in line 2
ablative of specification
Identify the case and use of natura in Line 6.
ablative, means
In line 1, Helvetios is
accusative object of preposition
Identify the case and use of longitudinem in line 14.
accusative, extent of space
gerundive
adjective
In line 1, longe is
adverb
What part of speech is continenter in line 9?
adverb
Which of the following vowel pairs will not normally be read as two syllables? In other words, which is a genuine dipthong in latin?
ae
posito sedili
after the couch was placed
When Caesar crossed the Rubicon, he said "__________ ____________ _________"
alea iacta est
In line 22, the second iter is modified by
aliud nullum (lines 22-23)
What is the figure of speech in Line 4?
alliteration
omnino
altogether
Which of the following is a gerund?
amandum
Choose the correct Latin word to complete the sentence: cum Lesbia alterum virum __________, Catullus in eam carmina saeva scribebat. (Since Lesbia had been with another man, Catullus started writing cruel poems to [attack] her.) NB: Another fine detail--it's absolutely true that "to X" in the sense of an indirect object is translated with dative, but an act of aggression directed at someone (like mean poems that were circulated rather than literally sent straight to Lesbia) is in or ad + accusative.
amavisset
In line 32 inter se is translated
among themselves
In Lines 11-12 omnibus rebus comparatis is
an ablative absolute
In line 32 regno occupato is
an ablative absolute
In line 10 virtute is
an ablative of specification
scripta tardipedi deo daturam infelicibus ustulanda lignis. Scripta is a substantive adjective. What is substantive?
an adjective with an implied noun
Salve, nec minimo puella naso nec bello pede nec nigris ocellis nec longis digitis nec ore sicco nec sane nimis elegante lingua. Decoctoris amica Formiani, ten provincia narrat esse bellam? Tecum Lesbia nostra comparatur? O saeclum insapiens et infacetum! What do we call the repetition of a short connective word that adds "punch" to the message?
anaphora
inque foco tepidum cinerem dimovit
and she moves aside the warm ashes in the hearth
et ignes suscitat hesternos
and she stirs up yesterday's flames
atque ita tu tacitus,....cave!
and so be careful you are quiet
Which of the following is NOT the Dative case?
arma IS IN DATIVE: cupidini rebus puero armis
apud
at the home of
conari
attempt
iumentum
beast of burden
vergo
bend
praeterquam
besides
pons
bridge
consciscere
bring on oneself
verum
but
coemere
buy in large quantities, buy up
illa consenuere casa paupertatemque fatendo effecere levem nec iniqua mente ferendo; They grew old in that house and they made their poverty light (easier to bear) by
by admitting it and having a good attitude about it.
forte
by chance
In line 20 we learn that
by law everyone must depart
In line 15, quam maximis itineribus literally means
by the greatest marches possible
amaverit
can't tell out of context
Una pars is the subject of what four verbs in Lines 12-15
capit, continetur, attingit, vergit
princeps
chief, most prominent
In line 3 the object of persuasit is
civitati
facetiae
cleverness
The object of conduxit is
clientes
auctoritas
clout, influence
inficetiae
coarseness
Choose the correct subjunctive verb to complete the Latin sentence: Cicero epistulas tam perite scripsit ut aliquis omnes epistulae __________________ ad legendum. (Cicero has written letters so beautifully that someone is collecting all his letters so people could read them.) NB: the structure at the end of this sentence is called a gerund. It's translated for you so you don't have to understand it to answer, but look out for them next chapter!
colligat The translation gives you a hint that this is the kind of perfect tense main verb that would probably be treated as primary sequence: the point is that, at the time the sentence is being written, Cicero's letters exist in the present (having been beautifully written in the past). Don't worry--there won't be any questions this tough on the single-attempt test this unit!
An imperative is a ________________.
command
Give the four infinitives that form an indirect statement with constituerunt in Lines 16-19.
comparare, coemere, facere, confirmare
In line 16, what degree of adjective is inferiorem?
comparative
In line 5 what degree is facilius?
comparative
cogere
compel
Choose the correct tense of the subjunctive verb. Pay attention to the main verb, sequence of tense rules, and logic. domina mandat ut ancillae crines _________________. The lady of the house tells her slave girls to do her hair.
componant Primary sequence, and indirect commands will normally have to be "same time" verbs (it is not very reasonable to ask someone to have already done something!)
What Latin mood would we use for the verb "He may be annoying" in the following? "He may be annoying, but he's my brother."
concessive subjunctive
ducere
consider
existimare
consider
deliberare
consult, consider
cremare
consume by fire
In lines 9-11 we learn that the Helvetians
continued the emigration plan
Caesar was awarded the ____________ _______________ for saving the life of Mithradates.
corona civica
litura
correction, blot
What does fere in line 10 modify?
cotidianis
While Catullus did not give his poems titles, Poem 5 might be called
counting kisses
rus, ruris
country
Which of the following is an imperative?
crede
crimen
crime, sin
reus
criminal
obaeratus
debtor
In the following line of dactylic hexameter, identify the first four feet (watch out for elision): illa rudem cursu prima imbuit Amphitriten
dactyl spondee spondee dactyl: -- u u | -- -- | -- -- | -- u u
In the following line of dactylic hexameter, identify the first three feet: Peliaco quondam prognatae vertice pinus
dactyl, spondee, spondee: -- u u | -- -- | -- --
Give the case of provinciae in line 16.
dative
Nulli se dicit mulier mea nubere malle Nulli is ______________case
dative
This case is derived from a Latin verb that means to give. It is used to indicate to whom something is given. This case is also commonly used with compound verbs.
dative
What is the case of sibi in Line 21?
dative
In a gerundive of obligation, what case is the agent in, if it is expressed at all? (It is not grammatically necessary for it to be.)
dative only place in Latin language where this happens
Which of the following is a future participle?
daturam
nox est perpetua una dormienda. In this line, Catullus is refering to
death
In lines 2-3, we learn that the Helvetian punishment for treason was
death by fire
In line 6 we learn that Orgetorix
escaped pleading his case
legatio
delegated authority
profectio
departure
What type of verb is conaretur in line 7?
deponent
siccus
dry
fucus
dye
Give the 2nd person singular future perfect active of ago, agere, egi, actus.
egeris
Which verb should we read into the last line of poem 49?
es
Choose the correct tense of the subjunctive verb. Pay attention to the main verb, sequence of tense rules, and logic. puer scire volebat num vir servus ______________. (The boy wanted to know whether the man was a slave.)
esset Secondary sequence, and the boy is asking about the man's present status, not his past.
vel
even
At the time Ovid was writing the Tristia, he was
exiled
In Lines 9-11, which verb introduces an indirect statement.
existimabant
quamvis
extremely
Both facio and fio share this principal part.
factus
Catullus's poetry indicates that he prefers a simple country life to his life of otium or leisure in the city.
false
Compound verbs never have a different conjugation than the original verb. For example do, dare is the same conjugation as edo, edere.
false
In his poetry, Catullus clearly acknowledges his patron
false
Latin is the only language that has irregular verbs.
false
ODI et amo. quare id faciam, fortasse requiris. nescio, sed fieri sentio et excrucior. Neoterics prefer lengthy verses to tight, short, finely crafted ones.
false
The future tense of Latin verbs always uses the tense indicator -b- as is CenaBis.
false
The present subjunctive is formed by changing the vowel in the present indicative. For example, Indicative Subjunctive amamus amemus ducimus ducamus videmus videamus
false
True or False: dactylic hexameter contains only dactylic feet.
false
True or false: the following are always read as two consonants (which therefore lengthen any previous short syllable): x, z, ch, qu
false
True or false: a spondee is never found in the fifth foot of dactylic hexameter.
false
True or false: a word has as many syllables as it has consonants.
false
True or false: fisus sum means "I am trusted"
false
True or false: when a hard consonant like "c" or "t" is followed by a liquid consonant like "l" or "r", the previous syllable is always read as short.
false
True or false: when a syllable begins with two consonants, we read it as long, no matter the quantity of the vowel sound in it.
false
esse quid hoc dicam, quod tam mihi dura videntur strata, neque in lecto pallia nostra sedent, et vacuus somno noctem, quam longa, peregi, lassaque versati corporis ossa dolent? As the Amores 1.2 begins, Ovid tells us that he has slept well.
false
Caesar was the first Emperor of Rome
false Caesar's grandnephew Octavian was the first Emperor of Rome.
You could use a Latin gerund to translate the underlined word in "The master pursued the FLEEING slave"
false Don't be too fooled by English -ing, which we use for far too many different things. In this sentence it's a participle, not a gerund (it's modifying the slave), and you would translate with a Latin present participle.
Casear cemented his political alliance with Pompey by marrying Pompey's daughter
false He married Pompey's cousin and Julia, Caesar's daughter married Pompey.
Sequence of tense rules work the same way in subjunctive clauses and in indirect statements.
false Indirect statements don't have this whole mess in Latin (they do in English!) You just have three tenses of the infinitive (present, perfect and future) to cover "same time as main verb", "before main verb", and "after main verb".
subjunctive verbs can only be the main verb of a sentence
false Most subjunctives in real Latin are found in subordinate clauses.
Caesar married 3 women, including Calpurnia, Cleopatre and Cornelia.
false Pompeia is the 3rd Wife.
vereor ne ursus me consumat. True or false: the speaker wants the action in the fear clause to happen.
false Remember that, in fear clauses, ne indicates the thing you're trying to STOP from happening. So translate "I am scared that the bear will eat me."
Depending on what you want to say, you can in theory put any tense of the subjunctive into any Latin sentence
false This is the essence of the concept "sequence of tenses". There are only certain tenses that are allowed, depending on the tense of the main verb. Please note that, while you may occasionally see Latin authors break sequence of tense rules for special effect, this doesn't invalidate the rule. It's no different from how high-level English authors, especially poets, can sometimes break rules for literary effect.
Most Latin literature was designed for the masses and would have been easy to read.
false We're told that Latin literature was mostly written for the educated elite. It generally involves difficult word choices and sentence structure and assumes a significant amount of background knowledge. Many works are also written with the assumption that most readers were bilingual in Latin and Greek. Take heart if any of our readings are challenging. They would have been for many Romans too!
The author mentions Latin authors of different ethnic groups and genders.
false While the author does point out that the comedy writer Terence was African-born (this probably means from North Africa rather than sub-Saharan), no female authors are mentioned. It is possible that no classical Latin written by a woman survives. There are a few poems attributed to a Sulpicia, but some scholars think there was a real Sulpicia while others think they were written by Tibullus trying out a female narrator for variety. The only really likely candidate for a Latin document written by a woman is a late text called "The Martyrdom of Perpetua", which seems to be using Perpetua's own prison diary for large parts of the story. But it exists in both Greek and Latin and we're not absolutely sure which one is the translation. So in conclusion: women's score maximum 2, minimum zero.
The Roman novelist Apuleius tells us that Lesbia's real name was Clodia, and that she was the sister of Publius Clodius Pulcher.
false only the first part is true
What does omnem in Line 4 modify?
familiam
ad hominum milia decem in Line 4 modifies
familiam
ulterior
farther
Choose the type of subjunctive clause. rex veretur ut leonem captivum necet.
fear clause You have vereor, so it can't be anything else. Yes, this is a NEGATIVE fear clause, as in something the subject is worried won't happen, and yes, if you translate it correctly it's a little sadistic.
Identify the type of clause: rex altus metuit ne nimis populi in bello perirent.
fear clause Any verb that means "to be afraid", like metuo or vereor, plus ut/ne is a dead giveaway here.
When talking about Latin meter, we refer to short, repeated patterns of syllables within a line of poetry as
feet
In line 15, what does extremis modify? Answer in Latin.
finibus
ignis
fire
What is the antecedent of qui in line 7?
flumine
cibaria
food, rations
ineptus
foolish
ineptus, -a, -um
foolish
pedem
foot
inmemor
forgetful
The perfect tense of sum, esse is
fui
harundinosus, -a, -um
full of reeds
Which of the following Latin tenses does not exist in subjunctive mood?
future The best explanation is that the Romans thought that the future tense already had a "maybe" element in it, so that it would not make sense to have a future subjunctive. BTW, though we have not formally reviewed/taught future perfect tense yet, there is also no FP subjunctive for the same reason.
Identify the form of portaturi in line 14.
future active participle
If I should do X, Y would happen.
future less vivid
Present (or rarely perfect) subjunctive in both clauses
future less vivid
Vague, hypothetical, or philosophical speculation about cause/effect in the future
future less vivid
Future perfect (or occasionally future) in protasis, future in apodosis
future more vivid
If I do X, Y will happen.
future more vivid
Thinking about actual cause/effect in the future
future more vivid conditions
amavero
future perfect indicative
Which combination contains only primary sequence tenses?
future, future perfect, present, perfect
dedit
gave
munis, muneris
gift
praecedo
go before
exire
go out
transire
go over
divus, -i
god
In lines 21-22 we learn that Orgetorix
goes to visit other states
Publius Ovidius Naso wrote during the ___________________ Age of Roman Literature
gold
luctus
grief
molere
grind in a mill
In Line 6 we learn that the Allobroges
had recently been subdued
felices ornent haec instrumenta libellos: fortunae memorem te decet esse meae. nec fragili geminae poliantur pumice frontes, hirsutus sparsis ut videare comis. According to Ovid, if books/scrolls have nice covers and shiny nobs, they will be
happy
As Baucis and Philemon grow older, they happen to be standing by the sacred steps. What are they doing? annis aevoque soluti ante gradus sacros cum starent forte locique narrarent casus,
having been weakened by years and age they stand before the sacred steps together by chance telling of the place's downfall They are telling of the place's downfall/destruction.
What is the subject of praecedunt in Line 10?
helvetii
Romans did not only write epic poems about myths. What was another subject for the earliest Latin epics?
history The article mentions that Naevius wrote an epic about the Punic War. It's not as obvious in the article, but the epic by Ennius (Annales) is also a history of Rome.
bellandi cupidi in Line 11 modifies
homines
Which Latin mood would we use for "Let's give" in the following? "Let's give the book to the best of the poets."
hortatory subjunctive
ibis
ibitis
What is the antecedent of quod in Line 10?
id
In line 14, eos per provinciam nostram iter facere conari explains
id (line 14)
In line 25, concedendum modifies
id (line 23)
siquis
if anyone
The perfect tense of eo, ire is
ii
protinus
immediately
Secondary sequence, action simultaneous with the main verb.
imperfect
amaret
imperfect subjunctive
present infinitive with endings
imperfect subjunctive
Which combination contains only secondary sequence verb tenses?
imperfect, perfect, pluperfect
Identify the tense and mood of vagarentur in Line 10. Give the answer in this format: tense, mood
imperfect, subjunctive
Identify the tense, mood, and voice of cremaretur in Line 3
imperfect, subjunctive, passive
In Line 3 what is the tense, mood and voice of ducerentur?
imperfect, subjunctive, passive
licet, decet, neccesse est These are examples of
impersonal verbs
importo
import
eo
imus
What kind of subjunctive clause is this? consul imperavit ne pecuniam consumeretur.
indirect command "command" verb
Identify the type of clause: carmine Horatius Romanos hortatur ut pro patria sua dulce moriantur.
indirect command This is a challenging question, but hortor is close enough to "giving a command" (encouraging someone is still telling them to do something, just with less authority than impero!) that it will almost always introduce an indirect command. NB: I'm not trying to throw a million deponent verbs at you to torture you. This is a fairly realistic picture of the frequency of deponents in Latin prose.
In line 1 of poem 93, what is the relation of tibi to placere?
indirect object
Pick the type of subjunctive clause seen in this sentence. Multi dubitabant quid optimum esset.
indirect question
Identify the type of clause: servus rogavit ubi dominus et domina amicum suum sedere vellent.
indirect question The question word ubi is a dead giveaway. (Note the irregular imperfect subjunctive of volo--in a way, it's not really irregular, since it's just the admittedly weird infinitive form velle + endings!)
Which of the following types of Latin subordinate clause would NEVER contain a subjunctive verb?
indirect statements Remember, all the main verbs in an indirect statement (as opposed to question or command) become infinitives after the main verb, not subjunctives! Though be aware that, if you take a sentence that already has subordinate clauses in it and THEN put the whole thing inside indirect discourse, all the subordinate verbs become subjunctive even if they weren't already
What form would you use if you wanted to make an action the subject of a Latin sentence, like in English "Sleeping eight to nine hours per night is healthy"?
infinitive
adficere
influence, work upon
incolo
inhabit
intercedere
intervene
indirect question
introduced by a question word
In line 21 deligitur is translated
is chosen
cachinnus
laughter
nobilissimos in Line 20 modifies what word?
legatos
In line 14 longitudinem and latitudinem mean
length and width
Cui dono lepidum novum libellum arida modo pumice expolitum? Corneli, tibi: namque tu solebas meas esse aliquid putare nugas iam tum, cum ausus es unus Italorum omne aevum tribus explicare cartis doctis, Iuppiter, et laboriosis. quare habe tibi quidquid hoc libelli qualecumque; quod, patrona virgo plus uno maneat perenne saeclo. In lines 1 and 2, Catullus uses four words to tell us that, not only is this a recent book, it is a book of poems in a new style. What are those four words?
lepidum novum libellum expolitum
Vivamus is best translated
let us live
Vivamus mea Lesbia atque amemus Vivamus is best translated
let us live
This verb means "it is permitted". The English derivative gives you permission.
licet
Vivamus mea Lesbia, atque amemus, rumoresque senum severiorum omnes unius aestimemus assis! soles occidere et redire possunt: nobis cum semel occidit brevis lux, 5 nox est perpetua una dormienda. Brevis lux and nox est perpetua refer to
life and death
What is the subject of important in Line 8?
mercatores
temperare
moderate
sudarium, -i
napkin
angustus
narrow
belle
neatly or well
Which of the follow is an ablative of description?
nec bello pede nec nigris ocellis
non vult
nolunt
What case do you use for the noun a passive verb is being done to?
nominative
What is the case of omnis in Line 1?
nominative
Which of the following sentence structures could not, alternatively, be written with a gerund or gerundive?
none-they all can CAN: debeo + infinitive purpose clause normal noun related to the verb
In line 15 septentriones is best translated
north
septentriones
north
illepidus
not polite
gerund
noun
Gerunds are________________.
nounds
In line 4 of poem 1, what noun is the subject of esse
nugas
Pick the best Latin version of the following: "You might believe in these trifles, but it's my custom to read learned and elegant pages."
nugis his tu credas , sed ego soleo cartas doctas et lepidas legere.
ius
oath
In Line 12, give the verb that is in the Indirect Statement
obtinere
In line 1 unam is best translated as
one part
carta
papyrus
In line 12, what is the antecedent of quam?
pars
What is antecedent of quarum?
partes
In line 25, concedendum is in what type of construction?
passive periphrastic
If I did X, Y happened.
past general
Imperfect or perfect indicative in both clauses
past general
If I had done X, Y would have happened.
past unreal
Choose the correct subjunctive verb to complete the Latin sentence: Ovidius carmina nomine Tristia scribebat ut Augustus eum Romam redire _______________. (Ovid wrote poems called the Tristia so that Augustus would let him come back to Rome.)
permitteret
In Line 4 what is the subject of possent?
perpauci
Find an indirect command in Lines 3 & 4, Write the verb that introduces the indirect command and the last word of the indirect command, Put a comma between the two verbs.
persuasit, exirent
Caesar was captured by ______________________________.
pirates
In line 18, what tense is incoluerant?
pluperfect
Secondary sequence, action earlier than the main verb.
pluperfect
amatus esset
pluperfect subjunctive
amavisset
pluperfect subjunctive
letter group -isse-
pluperfect subjunctive
felices ornent haec instrumenta libellos: fortunae memorem te decet esse meae. nec fragili geminae poliantur pumice frontes, hirsutus sparsis ut videare comis. Pumice is a reference to
polishing the pages with a pumice stone
What is the subject of the infinitive rescindi in Line 18?
pontem
sunt tibi magna, puer, nimiumque potentia regna; cur opus adfectas, ambitiose, novum? Sometimes the dative case is used to show__________________. "There are for you.." or "You have..."
possession
facultas
possibility, opportunity
All the following are subjunctive EXCEPT
possunt
Compound verbs in Latin most often consist of a verb root and a/an
preposition The root verb is often preceded by a,ab, cum (con) in, etc.
Primary sequence, action simultaneous with the main verb.
present
If I do X, Y happens.
present general
Present indicative in both clauses
present general
Identify the form of proficisci in line 15.
present infinitive
Give the tense and voice of appellantur in Line 3
present passive
"wrong" stem vowel
present subjunctive
ametur
present subjunctive
If I were X, then Y would happen.
present unreal
Imperfect subjunctive in both clauses
present unreal
candidus -a, -um
pretty, radiant
In line 9 qua de causa refers to
proximity to the Germans
publicus reus
public criminal
In line 27 idem refers to
regnum in civitate sua occuparet
Choose the correct tense of the subjunctive verb. Pay attention to the main verb, sequence of tense rules, and logic. dux milites hortatur ut ferociter __________________. The general is telling the soldiers to fight fiercely.
pugnent Primary sequence, and the general is telling the soldiers to do something, not to have already done it.
merus, -a, -us
pure
Choose the correct tense of the subjunctive verb. Pay attention to the main verb, sequence of tense rules, and logic. centurio militibus rogavit cur castra non __________________. (The centurion asked the soldiers why they hadn't cleaned the camp.)
purgavissent Secondary sequence, and the centurion asked them why they hadn't ALREADY done something before he asked the question.
What type of subjunctive clause is in lines 17-18?
purpose clause
Identify the type of clause: Caesar exercitus bene ducebat ut milites bene pugnaret. NB: For all questions of this type, while you are encouraged to look up/use context clues for words you do not know, there are enough hints for you to be able to ID the clauses without knowing all the vocabulary if necessary.
purpose clause There is an ut, the verb has nothing to do with giving a command or being afraid, and there's no word to make you suspect a result clause.
Pick the type of subjunctive seen in this question: Caesar bellum civile incepit ut dux solus factus esset.
purpose clause Without context, you could arguably take this as either purpose or result, though purpose is more likely.
exsequi
pursue, follow
In poem 1, which of the following is a complementary infinitive?
putare and explicare
lector
reader
expedite
readily, promptly
asciscere
receive, admit
minium
red
incultus
rough
tollere
remove
Identify the type of clause: Cicero de Catilina tam saepissime dicebat ut audire taedeat.
result clause Classic result clause, with your "so much" word (tam) and then ut. BTW, also a good place to teach you the useful impersonal verb taedet, "it is boring/annoying". Construct like this with an infinitive (Cicero talked about Catiline so often that it was annoying to hear), or with an accusative of the person who is bored and a genitive of the thing that's boring. A weird but fun and not infrequent verb.
Choose the type of subjunctive clause: iuvenis tot pecuniam consumit ut pater non laetus sit.
result clause Tot is another one of your result clause signal words! And ut non can only be a negative result clause--negative purpose and negative indirect command use ne.
Quid, si praeripiat flavae Venus arma Minervae, ventilet accensas flava Minerva faces? Quis probet in silvis Cererem regnare iugosis, lege pharetratae Virginis arva coli? crinibus insignem quis acuta cuspide Phoebum instruat, Aoniam Marte movente lyram? The predominate rhetorical feature in this section is:
rhetorical question
fortitudo
strength, bravery
pertinere
stretch out
pellere
strike
occidere
strike down, kill
deffertus, ,-a,-um
stuffed with
sum
sumus
In what degree are the adjectives nobilissimus and ditissimus in Line 1?
superlative
What kind of adjective is fortissimi in Line 5?
superlative
coniuratio
swearing together, conspiracy
suavis, -e
sweet
sumere
take
occupare
take possession, seize
enuntiare
tell, disclose
Form the masculine nominative singular gerundive from the verb teneo, tenēre, tenui, tentum.
tenendus
Tenuere is the shortened form of
tenuerunt
Give the 1st person plural future perfect active form of tango, tangere, tetigi, tactus
tetigerimus
Disertissime Romuli nepotum, quot sunt quotque fuere, Marce Tulli, quotque post aliis erunt in annis, gratias tibi maximas Catullus agit pessimus omnium poeta, tanto pessimus omnium poeta, quanto tu optimus omnium patronus. Catullus did not use the term Poetae Novi himself. Cicero did. From this poem, we might infer
that Cicero was not complementing Catullus's work when he used the phrase Poetae Novi
"Quis tibi, saeve puer, dedit hoc in carmina iuris? Pieridum vates, non tua turba sumus. In these lines, Ovid addresses Cupid and complains
that Cupid is getting involved with matters that are none of his business. That Cupid should leave poetry to the Muses BOTH
siquis, ut in populo, nostri non inmemor illi, siquis, qui, quid agam, forte requirat, erit: vivere me dices, salvum tamen esse negabis; id quoque, quod vivam, munus habere dei 20 In lines 19 and 20, Ovid tells us
that even though he is not living well, life is a gift from god
Parve, nec invideo,sine me, liber, ibis in urbem: ei mihi, quod domino non licet ire tuo! vade, sed incultus, qualem decet exulis esse; infelix habitum temporis huius habe. In line 3 and 4, Ovid's suggests
that life in exile is rough and he is unhappy
In line 3 we learn that
the Gauls differ in major cultural aspects
Which of these options is the best natural-language paraphrase of the grammar term "primary sequence"?
the main verb of the sentence is in a present or future tense Note that, although you will occasionally see perfect tense main verbs being treated as primary sequence, that's because the Romans thought of those verbs as being about the present (the "has done" translation, not the "did" translation.)
nobilitas
the nobility
senex iussit
the old man ordered (asked)
plebs
the people, the common people
repetet mea crimina lector
the reader will remember my crimes
populi ore
the voice of the people
In line 19 occasum solis is translated
the west
nec refert, dominos illic famulosne requiras: 635 tota domus duo sunt, idem parentque iubentque. It doesn't matter if you might ask for the masters or the servants there, the two are ____________________. They obey and order the same.
the whole house
The old couple realize that their visitors are gods when
the wine bowl never empties.
cum-clause
the word cum
Annales Volusi, cacata carta, votum solvite pro mea puella. In these lines, Catullus is addressing
the writings of Volusius
clausere is best translated __________________.
they closed
velent
they cover
In line 13 angustos se fines habere arbitrabantur is best translated
they thought they had narrow boundaries
In line 14 portaturi erant is best translated
they were going to carry
solvo, solvere
to fulfill (a vow)
ire
to go
colo, colere, colui, cultus
to inhabit
tollo, tollere, subtuli, sublatus
to lift, steal, remove
In line 2 causam dicere is translated
to plead his case
membra relevare
to rest their limbs
restituo, restituere, restitui, restitutus
to restore
desino, desinere, desivi or desii, disitus
to stop
In line 6 eodem is best translated
to the same place
bellare
to wage war
velle
to wish
In lines 32-34 we learn that the goal of the men is
totius Galliae potiri
What kind of pre-literature do we NOT think existed in Italy before preserved writing?
tragedies
cultus
training
Which adjective describes (and so agrees with) the noun cartis in line 6 (not the ones in the following lines!).
tribus
"mega biblion, mega kakon -- big book, big evil." Catullus and his friend would embrace this thought as they prefered libelli to epics
true
A participle is a verbal adjective.
true
Audiamus is 1st person present subjunctive. It can be translated,"Let's listen".
true
Because Baucis and Philemon were hospitable when no one else was, they were saved from a horrible flood. Their humble home was changed into a magnificent temple. They were then made priests in that temple and their last wish was granted. So the story continues.
true
By placing these verbs in the center of both lines of a two line poem, Catullus is making an important point. The placement is not random or circumstantial.
true
Facio (I make or do) and fio (I am made or done) are essentially the same verb. The metaphor "two sides of the same coin" applies here.
true
Facio, facere does not have a regular passive form in the present tense. Fio (I am made) is the passive of facio ( I make).
true
Factus est is the perfect tense of both verbs. Therefore, they are, in some respects the same verb.
true
Fieri is the present infinitive of fio.
true
Fieri is the second principal part and the present infinitive of fio. Fieri=to be done/made.
true
In Latin compound verbs, the spelling of the prepostion may vary slightly. So sub + rapio becomes surripio or cum + venio becomes convenio.
true
In Latin poetry, it is common to shorten or contract some word much like we do in English.
true
Nulli se dicit mulier mea nubere malle quam mihi, non si se Iuppiter ipse petat. dicit: sed mulier cupido quod dicit amanti, in vento et rapida scribere oportet aqua. The repetition of dicit through out the poem emphasis that "she says" this, but doesn't necessarily mean it.
true
Quid, si praeripiat flavae Venus arma Minervae, ventilet accensas flava Minerva faces? Quis probet in silvis Cererem regnare iugosis, lege pharetratae Virginis arva coli? crinibus insignem quis acuta cuspide Phoebum instruat, Aoniam Marte movente lyram? These lines ask what would happen if one deity tried to take over for another.
true
The ablative of description describes a noun in the sentence. For example, puella minimo naso The girl with a very little nose
true
The dative singular of nullus is nulli. nulli nubere = to be married to none/no one.
true
The future perfect tense is best translated "will have". For example attuleris means "you will have brought".
true
The genitive of nullus is nullius
true
The tone of this poem, Catullus 36, is playful and joking
true
This poem is a humorous parody, not an actual invitation.
true
True or false: a Latin word has as many syllables as it has single vowel sounds (i.e. dipthongs or single vowels)
true
True or false: all single vowels in Latin words may be long or short by nature, depending on the word they occur in.
true
True or false: diphthongs are always long by nature.
true
True or false: the below line: illa sunt annis iuncti iuvenalibus, illa Scans like this: -- -- | -- -- | -- // -- | -- u u | -- u u | -- --
true
True or false: the first syllable in a line of (regular) dactylic hexameter will always be long
true
True or false: the first syllable in a line of (regular) dactylic hexameter will always be long.
true
True or false: there are six feet in a line of hexameter
true
True or false: when read as a piece of verse, the following would have 8 syllables: lepidum novum libellum
true
VIVAMUS mea Lesbia, atque AMEMUS, rumoresque senum severiorum omnes unius AESTIMEMUS assis! The underlined verbs are all volitive subjunctive and best translated, "Let's...."
true
Vivamus is first person present subjunctive.
true
When Ovid mentions "puer ille" in line 25, he is refering to Cupid
true
cum milia multa fecerimus,10 conturbabimus illa, ne sciamus, aut ne quis malus invidere possit, cum tantum sciat esse basiorum. In the end, Catullus wants to mess up the count so that no evil person can know just how many kisses there are.
true
da mi basia mille, deinde centum, 7 dein mille altera, dein secunda centum, deinde usque altera mille, deinde centum. In lines 7 to 9, Catullus suggests that he and Lesbia should kiss thousands of times.
true
nec bello pede nec nigris ocellis This phrase has two examples of the ablative of description.
true
nec te purpureo velent vaccinia fuco— non est conveniens luctibus ille color— nec titulus minio, nec cedro charta notetur, candida nec nigra cornua fronte geras. Ovid uses anaphora, personification and alliteration to emphasis his point here.
true
metuit Caesar ne non satis gloriae haberet. True or false: the subject of this sentence wants the action in the fear clause to happen.
true Any double negative in Latin becomes a positive (this is logical--it's just forbidden in English). Translate, "Caesar feared that he would not have enough glory". Writing with ne non is an acceptable alternative to writing a negative fear clause with ut.
Caesar was a military leader, politician and religious leader.
true Caesar was Pontifex Maximus in Rome
Salve, nec minimo puella naso nec bello pede nec nigris ocellis nec longis digitis nec ore sicco nec sane nimis elegante lingua, decoctoris amica Formiani. 5 ten provincia narrat esse bellam? tecum Lesbia nostra comparatur? o saeclum insapiens et infacetum! In line 6, Catullus implies that the girl might be considered pretty out in the country in her province, but she does not meet the standard for pretty in the city.
true Catullus thinks everything about city-life is better. Even the girls are prettier.
subjunctive verbs use the same personal endings as indicative verbs
true The endings never make the difference between indicative and subjunctive.
metuunt pauperes ut satis cibi habeant. True or false: the people in the sentence want the action in the fear clause to happen.
true Ut indicates what you'd like to have happen (but suspect won't happen) in a fear clause. Translate "The poor people are afraid they won't have enough food."
Odi et amo. Quare id faciam, fortasse requiris. nescio, sed fieri sentio et excrucior. Faciam in this poem is present subjunctive.
true indirect question
indirect command
verb implying an order + ut/ne
fear clause
verb implying fear
versus
verse
In line 6 the word latissimo is translated
very wide
vicus
village
commeo
visit frequently
Cenabis bene, mi Fabulle, apud me paucis, si tibi di favent, diebus, si tecum attuleris bonam atque magnam cenam, non sine candida puella et vino et sale et omnibus cachinnis. What case is mi Fabulle?
vocative
Marrucine Asini is _________________case.
vocative
Quis tibi, saeve puer, dedit hoc in carmina iuris? Pieridum vates, non tua turba sumus.
vocative
This subjunctive expresses a mild command.
volitive
vult
volunt
votum, -i
vow
In line 2, we learn that Orgetorix
wants to be ruler
In lines 12-12 we learn that the Helvetian cities and villages
were all burned
occassu
west
In line 11 the second cum is best translated
when
In line 11 ubi is best translated
when
In line 18 cum is translated
with
nec sane nimis elegante lingua
with a not overly elegant tongue
nec bello pede
with a not pretty foot
arma gravi numero violentaque bella parabam edere, materia conveniente modis. materia conveniente modis is best translated
with material suitable for the method
nec nigris ocellis
with not black eyes
nec longis digitis
with not long fingers
nec minimo naso
with not the littlest nose
The best translation of ablataque principis ira is
with the anger of the emperor having been removed
In line 14 secum is best translated
with them
invenustus
without charm
lignum
wood
The participle scripta means ______________.
written or having been written
maleficium
wrongdoing
ausus es unus Italorum omne aevum tribus explicare cartis doctis, Iuppiter, et laboriosis!
you alone of Italians dared to unfold every age in three papyrus rolls (volumes) having been taught, by Jupiter, and laborious!
ibis
you will go
Parve, nec invideo, SINE ME, liber, IBIS IN URBEM: ei mihi, quod domino non licet ire tuo! vade, sed incultus, qualem decet exulis esse; infelix habitum temporis huius habe. The underlined words are best translated
you will go into the city without me