FINAL nutri
what are the chances of contracting diarrhea from travel to other countries?
1 in 2
morning sickness is most likely to occur during which trimester of pregnacy?
1st
in the practtice of agriculture approximately what percentage more energy is required to prduce most animal foodes in comparision to grains?
200
what is the recommended range of weight gain during pregnancy for a normal weight women?
25-35 lbs
at what point are infants ready for solid or semi solid foods?
4-6 months of age
what branch of the department of health and human services is responsible for mointoring foodborne illness?
CDC
which of the following statements is true about breast or formula feeding for infants?
HIV infection is passed from the mother to infant in breast milk
ions that carry a postive charge are called
cations
there are four critical steps in the food handling process that you need to take to help prevent foodbourne illness. these four steps are
cleaning, combating cross contamination. cooking and chilling
a food label ingredient list reads: wheat flour, vegetable shortening, sugar salt and cornstarch what item would be found in the lowest amount in the food?
corn strach
what term is given to the time period during which irreversible damage to the fetus may occur from specfic events such as malnutrition or exposure to toxins?
critical period
raw hamburger patties are taken to the grill on a platter. after being cooked, they are returned to the unwashed platter and served this is an example of
cross contamination
in what region of the body is the storage of excess body fat associated with highest risks for cardiovascular disease and diabetes?
abdomen
________ is the major symptom of vitamin k deficiency
abnormal blood coagulation
the percentage range of intakes for protein, fat and carbohydrate that are thought to reduce the risk of chronic diseases is termed
acceptable macronutrient distribution range AMDR
what is the major factor that determines metabolic rate
amount of lean body tissue
in the u.s the avg life expect
ancy is 78 years and healthy life expectancy is 69 years. what does this mean?
a child who drinks a lot of milk at the expense of other foods is at a high risk of showing signs of
anemia
the usda my plate recommends eating
at least half your grains as whole grains each day
the female athelete triad consists of _______
disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis
lipids differ in their degree of saturation or unsaturation due to their number of
double bonds
hyponatremia is a concern of marathon runners which can be caused by
drinking too much water during a marathon
the foods that most frequently cause salmonella infection are
eggs and poultry
protein molecules that increase the rate of specfic chemical reactions without themselves being changed
enzymes
a period of extreme food shortage resulting in widespread starvation and death is known as
famine
the main food that a pregnant women she be cautious about eating during pregnancy to avoid mercury contamination
fish
a deficiency of which nutrient appears to be related to an increased risk of nerual tube defects in the new born?
folate
exercise increases ________ production which can be counteracted by _______ in the body
free radical ; antioxidents
which nutrient can be used to produce energy in the absence of oxygen?
glucose
all of the following are advantages of organic farming as compared to conventional farming . except
higher crop yields
as compared to medium intenisty excercise such as hiking, fatty acids are used at a ______rate and glucose at a _____ rate for fuel during rest
higher, lower
which of the following has caused botulism posioning in infants?
honey
clostridum botulinum posioning is a hazard associated with
improperly canned vegetables
the primary mechanism by which medium consumption of alcohol lowers cardiovascular disease risk
increases HDL
aerobic training _________ the size and _________ the number of mitochondria in cells
increases;increases
which of the following groups especially vulnerable to illness becuse of immature immune systems?
infants and young children
food bourne illness caused by pathogens that multiply in the human body are termed "food borne ______"
infection
this method of pest control combines chemical and non chemical methods and emphasizes the use of natural toxins
integrated pest managment
which of the following is most commonly deficent in children and adolescents?
iron
why is increasing the number of red blood cells an advantageous physiological change that occurs with aerobic training?
it allows oxygen to be transported to tissues
which of the following can influence an older adults ablity to consume a nutrtious diet?
living on a fixed income, loss of teeth, alcohol abuse
particles that are formed in the small intestine when the products of fat digestion are surrounded by bile
micelles
for most people, the majority of their total energy expenditure is from
basal metabolism
the cycle of malnutrion can be broken by
better health care for children, increasing the availablity of nutritious foods for adults and better health care and nutrition for women during pregnacy
for most adults what is the recommended minimum amount of fat that should be consumed as a percentage of total energy intake
20
approximately how many kcals are contained in a pound of body fat?
3500
of the ten leading causes of illness and death, how many are associated directly with nutrition?
4
apporximately what percentage of weight loss during starvation dieting is lean body mass ?
50
what is the cheif reason why people living in poverty and hunger bear numerous children?
only a small percentage of the children may survive to adult hood.
what food is responsible for the most life threatening allergic reactions in people ?
peanuts
all of the following statements are true regarding components of a nutrition study that provides reliable information: data must be quantifiable, proper experimental controls should be used, the data must be interpreted accurately except:
personal testimonals are appropriate type of data to collect
the main cause of food insecuirty in the united states
poverty
which of the following is the hormone that stimulates milk production in woman who has just given birth ?
prolactin
protein hydrolyzing enzymes are commonly known as
proteases
athletes can safely add muscle tissue by
putting a demand on muscles by making them work harder
which of the following is a result of regular exercise?
reduced blood pressure
which of the following behaviors is most likely to promote formation of dental caries?
slowly sipping fruit juices between meals
what is the primary absorption site for digestable carbohydrates?
small intestines
hyponatremia refers to low blood concentration of
sodium
which minerals help regulate fluid balance
sodium, potassium and chloride
an infant born with incomplete closure of the spinal cord has
spina bifida
what is one function of the gallbladder?
stores bile
what is the term given to agricultural practices that are designed to minimize use of energy and chemicals?
sustainable agriculture
as compared to an adult, the percentage of calories from fat is ___ for an adolescent
the same
general features of the legumes include all of the following except
they are high in fat
which of the following is a characterstic of structure function claims on food labels?
they can be made without any FDA approval
several nutrient deficiencys have recently reemerged as problems throught the world including the following deficiency diseases : beri beri, scurvy, pellagra. which nutrients in the order that matches the deficincy listed are responsible for these diseases?
thiamin, vitamin c, niacin
as people age they tend to lose lean body mass owing to the decrease in BMR typically seen with aging.
true
deficiency of vitamin a is the worlds leading cause of blindess in young children
true
infants require more calories per pound of body weight than adults
true
a person who exercises moderalty longer than 20 mins begins to
use less glucose and more fat for fuel
which of the following is not true about television watching by children
watching televison has no effect on a childs future risk for being overweight
according to the my plate , approximately what percentage of the days food servings should be derived from plant foods?
75
food labels express the nutrient content in relation to a set of standard values known as the
daily values
the application of heat or acid to a protein that causes its shape to change is known as
denaturation
when you eat a taco the tortilla meat cheese and lettuce and tomato are broken apart releasing the nutrients and other food components they contain, this process is called
digestion
the bicarbonate neutralizes the acid in chyme which allows ____ from the pancreas and small intestine to function
enzymes
what structure prevents food from entering the trachea when you swallow?
epiglottis
if the diet is deficient in one or more of the ___ amino acids, the boy must break down existing proteins to provide the needed amino acid
essential
when thiamin is consumed in excess of needs, how does the body treat the excess?
excreted primarly in the urine
which of the following is generally not digested but does stimulate intestinal muscle contractions ?
fiber
plant foods generally are excellent sources of the health promoting foods. these types of plant foods usually contain
fiber, phytochemicals, unsaturated fats
research has shown that the risk for neural tube defects is lowered by taking supplements of
folate
what is a "limiting" amino acid in a protein?
an essential amino acid present in insufficent quantity for body protein synthesis to take place.
which of the following is known as a fruit sugar or levulose?
fructose
when blood glucose concentration falls, what pancreatic hormone is secreted to stimulate release of stored glucose?
glucagon
what is the name of the animal polysaccahride composed of glucose units?
glycogen
anaerobic metabolic pathway that splits gluecose into two 3 carbon pyruvate molecules
glycolsis
which of the following foods is highest in folate?
green leafy vegatables
adverse side effects of typical low carb diets include all of the following except
high blood pressure
the ratio of a persons body weight to height is represented as his or her
body mass index
the bodys amino acid pool consists of
both essential and nonessential amino acids
urine color charts help people monitor thier ____ status
hydration
the DASH diet plan was devised to prevent
hypertension
which of the following statements describes the glycemic effect of foods
a measure of how fast and high the food causes the blood glucose to rise
iron bioavailablity from complete meals is known to be affected significantly by each of the following substances except
caffeine
which of the following types of oil is the best source of healthy unstaturated fats?
canola oil
according to the AMDR the majority of calories that you eat should come from
carbohydrates
what lipoprotein is largest in size?
chylomicron
what is the primary function of the b vitamins?
coenzyme participation
starch and dietary fiber are classified as
complex carbohydrates
increased blood flow at the surface of the body causes the skin to become red in hot weather and during strenous activity. evaportion of sweat then cools the skin and blood near the surface of the skin. this is part of the process the body uses to regulate:
core temperature
which of the following would not expect to see in a person with kwashiorkor?
increased physical activity
a goiter occurs as a result of deificiency of
iodine
which of the following is a property of niacin in nutrition?
it can be synthesized in the body from the essential amino acid tryptophan
which of the following is a feature of the body mass index?
it correlates with disease risks
when there is not suffiecent carbohydrate to completely metabolism fatty acids these molecules form
ketones
dietary supplements have regualtions that are _____ strict as compared to drugs
less
which of the following is a disadvantage of using weight measures for the assessment of disease risk?
limited amount of body composition data
which of the following is the best description of nutrients provided by animal protein sources: ______ in fiber, ____ in saturated fat and choesterol ______ in readily absorbed forms of iron, zinc and calcium
low, high, high
what is the main explantion for the difference in basal metabolic rates between males and females of the same body weight
males have a higher percentage of lean body mass
what substance protects the stomach lining from damage due to digestive juices
mucus
which of the following is an exampple of a macronutrient?
protein
collagen is a _______. vitamin c is necessary to form_____ that hold adjacent collagen strands together and give the protein ______
protein, bonds, strength
the main function of carbohydrates in the body
provide enrgy
nutrient denisty refers to foods that
provide more nutrients relative to kcalories
almost all 99% of the calcium in the body is used to
provide rigidity for the bones and teeth
the purpose of bicarbonate in the digestive process is to
raise the ph of chyme
a protein that binds with biotin (thus inhibiting absorption) is found in which food?
raw egg whites
a child diagonosed with iron difeceincy anemia would most likely benefit from increasing the consumption of
red meat
which of the following is not a function of water in the human body ?
regulates blood glucose
which of the following foods contains cholesterol?
roasted turkey
the three main functions of the nutrients include all of the following: contribute to the structure of our body, regualte biological processes in the body and provide us with energy. EXCEPT:
speed up our metabolism
what is meant by the bioavailablity of a vitamin in food?
the amount absorbed and subsequently used by the body
which of the following is a characterstic of essential fatty acids
the body cannot make these at all or in sufficient quantities to meet the bodys need
in a controlled experiment, the group that is NOT subject to treatment is called
the control group
what does the tollerable upper intake level of a nutrient represent?
the maximum amount from all sources that appears safe for most healthy people
which of the following is a charactersitc of enriched grain products?
they have all of the added nutrients listed on the label
based on the type of fat found in the following foods, which would be the healthiest choice for dinner from the vegetable group?
tomatoes with olive oil and balsmic vinegar
a compound composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen with 3 fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol would be known as
triglyceride
more than half of american adults are currenetly either overweight or obese.
true
this form of diabetes is caused by an autoimmunie destruction of inslin producing cells in the pancreas
type 1 diabetes
which of the following best describes the normal ph of the stomach
very acidic
what is the name of the projections on the inner surface of the small intestine ?
villi
a similar type of anemia is produced when there is a deficiency of either
vitamin b12 or folate
active _______ is required to maintian normal blood calcium and phosphorous levels
vitamin d
in its role as an antioxident, this vitamin gaurds cell membranes, body proteins, dna and cholesterol and thus helps prevent heart disease, cancer, macular degeneration, and other chronic diseases.
vitamin e
when consumed in excess all of the following can be converted to body fat and stored except
vitmain c
all of the following are associated with increased risk of developing osteoporosis except;
walking daily for exercise
which of the following breads has the highest fiber content?
whole grain
among the following groups, which has the highest metabolic rate?
younger individuals
which of the following food hazards has the fda identified as its number one concern
microbial foodborne
which of the following is a common measure of protein quality?
PDCAAS
what is a precursor?
a substance that is used to syntheszie another compound
phytic acid, tannins and oxalates ___ the absorption of many minerals
decrease
most people in the US need to ____their salt intake and _______ their potassium intake to meet recommendations for a healthy diet
decrease;increase
vitamins A and C, thiamin, calcium and magnesium are considered
micronutrients
of the following commonly eaten foods, which makes the greatest contribution to riboflavin intake?
milk
the top three causes of death in the us include stroke, cancer, and heart disease all of these conditions are thought to be increased by
obesity
which of the following is the primary factor that differentiates one amino acid from another?
the side group
