Final practice questions

"Revealed preference" describes:

the idea that the most accurate way to determine an individual's behavioral preferences is to analyze that person's actual behavior.

Male elephant seals are known to fight for territory on the beach in order to mate with the most females. In this and other mammalian species, males and females have ____________ means and ____________ standard deviations for reproductive success.

the same; different.

Which of the following is reason that female reproductive investment is initially greater?

females have larger gametes than males.

In the species of bush crickets:

females have low reproductive investment; males have high reproductive investment.

Which of the following is NOT an effect of the hormone oxytocin?

increases aggression

basal metabolic rate

is a measure of the minimal energy used to keep your body functioning.

Contrary to the endocrine system, the nervous system:

is able to react quickly to the environment.

Compared to the nervous system, the endocrine system:

is responsible for long-term regulation.

Brain imaging research has revealed that hippocampus size is greater among long-time cab drivers than people who drive an average amount. These results suggest:

many different parts of the brain an get bigger with use.

The sex with the greater energetic investment in reproduction will be ___________________ when it comes to mating.

more discriminating

Which of the following best exemplifies the naturalistic fallacy?

Infanticide is commonly found in nature and therefore should be tolerated in humans.

Puffer fish can be toxic to eat because they contain tetrodotoxin, a poison that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels. If you consumed this toxin, what effect would this have on motor neurons?

It would prevent the occurrence of action potentials.

What of the following is NOT a characteristic of a saturated fat?

Tend to be liquid at room temperature

Exclusive male parental care is much more prevalent in fish than mammals because:

most fish reproduce by external fertilization while most mammals do not.

The ingredient label on a container of shortening indicates "partially hydrogenated vegetable oil." This means that during processing the number of carbon-carbon double bonds in the oil was reduced. What is the result of decreasing the number of double bonds?

The oil is now more likely to be solid at room temperature.

Antibiotics are good for getting rid of a sinus infection. Based on your understanding of digestion, which of the following is another potential effect of taking antibiotics?

Your gut will not be able to emulsify fats as efficiently.

Multiple sclerosis is a disease that can result in symptoms such as vision loss, fatigue, pain, and impaired coordination. What is the neurological cause of this illness?

myelin is attacked, preventing the conduction of electrical impulses to and from the brain.

Hormones are ______________ messengers that travel in the ______________ :

chemical; bloodstream.

The "Sauce Bearnaise" phenomenon illustrates:

that culture can override our biological instincts. prepared learning; we are quicker to attribute sickness to the food we have eaten recently rather than to any of the other possible causes. that rats have a "genetically coded hypothesis" that when they feel nauseous it likely results from the fact that they have consumed something unnatural. that in animals' natural environment, electric shock is likely to occur in close proximity to loud noises and/or flashes of light.

Which of the following statements about interfering with neurotransmitters is NOT true? (a) Cocaine acts by blocking dopamine reuptake inhibitors, thereby allowing dopamine to remain in the synaptic cleft longer. (b) Botox prevents the release of glutamate, which paralyzes muscles and reduces the appearance of wrinkles. (c) Caffeine blocks the action of adenosine by binding to its receptors. (d) Many drugs that are effective in the treatment of depression block the action of the serotonin re-uptake proteins, which allows serotonin to remain in the synaptic cleft longer. (e) All of the above are true.

(E) All of the above are true

Vitamins are differentiated from minerals because of several key properties. What are some of the characteristics of vitamins?

-are organic compounds -may not be synthesized by organisms in sufficient amounts -are classified based on their solubility -are Carbon containing

Which of the following happens when we sleep?

Adenosine molecules are reabsorbed.

Across dozens of cultures, humans have come to have common ways of preparing their food, including using heat and marinating food in acidic solutions, such as vinegar or lemon juice. How might these be adaptations that help with digestion?

Harsh conditions such as heat and acid help disrupt and denature macromolecules in food, increasing the efficiency of digestion.

Non-digestible plant fiber, such as cellulose, is a type of:

carb

Sexual dimorphism is more likely to be seen when levels of reproductive investment between males and females are ______________

unequal.

In a polyandrous mating system:

variance in female reproductive success is greater than variance in male reproductive success.

In humans, the primary function of the large intestine is the absorption of

water